Deck 18: The Circulatory System: Blood

Question 1

Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBCs' antigens.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The most important components in the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Lymphocytes secrete antibodies,coordinate action of other immune cells,and serve in immune memory.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A normal hematocrit is __________ of the total blood volume.

A) less than 1%
B) 47% to 63%
C) 25% to 37%
D) 42% to 45%
E) 37% to 52%

Question 5

The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.

Question 6

Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.

Question 7

Which of the following is not normally found in plasma?

A) Glycogen
B) Fibrinogen
C) Glucose
D) Urea
E) Albumin

Question 8

Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh⁺ woman and an Rh^- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Question 9

After a wound is sealed,tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.

Question 10

Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat?

A) Lymphocytes
B) Granulocytes
C) Erythrocytes
D) Agranulocytes
E) Platelets

Question 11

A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A,and anti-B antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen

Question 12

Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells.

Question 13

Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.

Question 14

Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream.

Question 15

Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.

Question 16

Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow.

Question 17

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.

Question 18

Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma?

A) Albumin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Transferrin
D) Prothrombin
E) Fibrinogen

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

A) Transports a variety of nutrients
B) Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
C) Participates in the initiation of blood clotting
D) Produces plasma hormones
E) Helps to regulate body temperature

Question 20

Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.

Question 21

Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________.

A) the plasma membrane of erythrocytes
B) alpha chains in hemoglobin
C) beta chains in hemoglobin
D) delta chains in hemoglobin
E) heme groups in hemoglobin

Question 22

The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of __________ than to any other factor.

A) fibrin
B) albumin
C) sodium
D) erythrocytes
E) nitrogenous wastes

Question 23

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.

A) fibrinogen
B) nitrogenous wastes
C) platelets
D) glucose
E) albumin

Question 24

What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?

A) Biliverdin
B) Bilirubin
C) Globin
D) Heme
E) Iron

Question 25

Which of the following is not true of a patient with anemia?

A) Their blood viscosity is increased.
B) They are lethargic.
C) Their blood osmolarity is reduced.
D) Their resistance to blood flow is reduced.
E) More fluid transfers from their bloodstream into their intercellular spaces.

Question 26

What would happen if all of the hemoglobin contained within the RBCs became free in the plasma?

A) It would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity.
B) It would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries.
C) It would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries.
D) It would significantly increase blood osmolarity.
E) It would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.

Question 27

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________.

A) O;AB
B) AB;O
C) A;B
D) B;A
E) O;O

Question 28

An increased erythropoietin (EPO)output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except __________.

A) increased hypoxemia
B) increased blood osmolarity
C) increased RBC production
D) increased blood viscosity
E) increased hematocrit

Question 29

Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia?

A) High altitude
B) Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
C) Renal disease
D) Smoking
E) Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia

Question 30

Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults?

A) Thymus
B) Spleen
C) Red bone marrow
D) Yellow bone marrow
E) Liver

Question 31

Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease?

A) It is caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin.
B) It is due to a hereditary hemoglobin defect.
C) It is advantageous in that it can protect carriers against malaria.
D) It is a cause of malaria.
E) It is a cause of anemia.

Question 32

Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia?

A) Cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow
B) Iron deficiency
C) Dehydration
D) Emphysema
E) Excessive aerobic exercise

Question 33

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

A) Insulin
B) Creatine
C) Bilirubin
D) Albumin
E) Creatinine

Question 34

The ABO blood group is determined by __________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs.

A) glycolipids
B) glycoproteins
C) antibodies
D) antigen-antibody complexes
E) agglutinins

Question 35

Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by __________.

A) a self-amplifying mechanism
B) an enzymatic amplification
C) a positive feedback loop
D) a negative feedback loop
E) a cascade effect

Question 36

Where do most RBCs die?

A) Stomach and small intestine
B) Red bone marrow
C) Spleen and liver
D) Lymph nodes and thymus
E) Stomach and liver

Question 37

Which of the following would not decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP)?

A) Severe liver failure
B) A diet predominantly based on red meat
C) Starvation
D) An extremely low-protein diet
E) Hypoproteinemia

Question 38

Tissues can become edematous (swollen)when which of the following occurs?

A) Colloid osmotic pressure (COP)is high.
B) There is hyperproteinemia.
C) The concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high.
D) The hematocrit is high.
E) There is a dietary protein deficiency.

Question 39

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and __________.

A) defend the body against pathogens
B) initiate blood clotting
C) regulate erythropoiesis
D) transport nutrients
E) transport some carbon dioxide

Question 40

A deficiency of __________ can cause pernicious anemia.

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) EPO secretion
E) folic acid

Question 41

Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of __________.

A) pluripotent stem cells
B) precursor cells
C) colony-forming units
D) myeloblasts
E) lymphoblasts

Question 42

A patient is diagnosed with leukocytosis if they have more than __________ WBCs/μL.

A) 100,000
B) 50,000
C) 10,000
D) 5,000
E) 1,000

Question 43

The main reason why an individual with type AB,Rh-negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with type A,Rh-positive blood is because __________.

A) anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
B) anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor
C) anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
D) anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient
E) anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor

Question 44

What is the function of thromboplastin in hemostasis?

A) It initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
B) It initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
C) It converts prothrombin into thrombin.
D) It acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss.
E) It dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.

Question 45

The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

A) basophils
B) monocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) eosinophils
E) neutrophils

Question 46

Which of the following are not secreted by platelets?

A) Procoagulants
B) Thrombopoietin
C) Growth factors
D) Vasoconstrictors
E) Chemicals that attract neutrophils

Question 47

The cessation of bleeding is specifically called __________.

A) a vascular spasm
B) homeostasis
C) hemostasis
D) platelet plug formation
E) coagulation

Question 48

Which cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin?

A) Eosinophils
B) Basophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
E) Monocytes

Question 49

An individual has type B,Rh-positive blood.The individual has __________ antigen(s)and can produce anti-__________ antibodies.

A) A and D;B
B) B and D;A
C) B;A and D
D) A;B and D
E) D;A and B

Question 50

What are the least abundant of the formed elements?

A) Platelets
B) Basophils
C) Erythrocytes
D) Neutrophils
E) Eosinophils

Question 51

A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood.The mother is most likely type __________ and both children are most likely __________.

A) A,Rh-negative;B,Rh-positive
B) A,Rh-positive;B,Rh-negative
C) O,Rh-negative;AB,Rh-negative
D) AB,Rh-positive;O,Rh-negative
E) AB,Rh-positive;O,Rh-positive

Question 52

Which of these does not prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot?

A) The presence of tissue thromboplastin
B) The smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels
C) The dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate
D) The presence of antithrombin in plasma
E) The presence of heparin in plasma

Question 53

Some lymphocytes can survive as long as __________.

A) days
B) weeks
C) months
D) years
E) decades

Question 54

The universal donor of RBCs,but not necessarily plasma,is blood type __________.

A) AB,Rh-negative
B) AB,Rh-positive
C) O,Rh-negative
D) O,Rh-positive
E) ABO,Rh-negative

Question 55

A person with type AB blood has __________ RBC antigen(s).

A) no
B) anti-A and anti-B
C) anti-A
D) anti-B
E) A and B

Question 56

Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukopenia?

A) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
B) Lead poisoning
C) Radiation therapy
D) Dehydration
E) Immunosuppressant drugs

Question 57

Why are pregnant Rh^- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin?

A) Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.
B) Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
C) Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A antibodies.
D) Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-O antibodies.
E) Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-B antibodies.

Question 58

When a clot is no longer needed,fibrin is dissolved by __________.

A) prothrombin
B) thromboplastin
C) kallikrein
D) plasmin
E) platelet-derived growth factor

Question 59

What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus?

A) Monocyte
B) Lymphocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Eosinophil
E) Basophil

Question 60

What are the most abundant agranulocytes?

A) Macrophages
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Lymphocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 61

Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for __________.

A) hemophilia
B) pulmonary embolism
C) thrombocytopenia
D) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
E) septicemia

Question 62

During coagulation,which of the following is found in the extrinsic mechanism only?

A) Calcium
B) Prothrombin activator
C) Prothrombin
D) Thromboplastin
E) Thrombin

Question 63

Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?

A) Spleen
B) Red bone marrow
C) Perivascular tissue
D) Kidneys
E) Liver

Question 64

Blood groups are used for legal purposes and in anthropology.

Question 65

A patient is suffering from ketoacidosis caused by an unregulated high protein diet.Which function of the blood has been compromised?

A) Stabilizing fluid distribution in the body
B) Stabilizing the body's pH
C) Protecting against microorganisms
D) Transporting nutrients
E) Transporting hormones

Question 66

Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found?

A) Yellow bone marrow
B) Thymus
C) Red bone marrow
D) Spleen
E) Liver

Question 67

The structural framework of a blood clot is formed by __________.

A) soluble fibrinogen
B) soluble fibrin
C) a fibrin polymer
D) a fibrinogen polymer
E) a thrombin polymer

Question 68

Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel.Moreover,a piece of the __________ (clot)may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n)__________.

A) thrombus;embolus
B) embolism;thrombus
C) plaque;thrombus
D) thrombosis;plaque
E) plaque;embolus

Question 69

Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke?

A) Thromboplastin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Fibrin
D) Heparin
E) Factor X

Question 70

Blood groups are made up of any surface antigen on formed elements,not just ABO and Rh,and include over 500 known antigens.

Question 71

Platelets release __________,a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.

A) heparin
B) thrombin
C) thromboplastin
D) prostacyclin
E) serotonin