Deck 5: Histology

Question 1

The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n)__________ section.

A) cross
B) oblique
C) transverse
D) sagittal
E) longitudinal

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The __________ gives rise to the __________.

A) mesoderm;digestive glands
B) endoderm;muscular system and skeletal system
C) ectoderm;nervous system and epidermis
D) endoderm;mesoderm
E) mesoderm;endoderm

Question 5

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

Question 6

Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.

Question 7

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.

Question 8

Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.

Question 9

A thin,stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a __________.

A) fixative
B) histological section
C) spread
D) stain
E) smear

Question 10

Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

Question 11

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue.

A) connective
B) fibrous
C) nervous
D) epithelial
E) muscular

Question 12

Mesoderm gives rise to muscle,bone,and blood.

Question 13

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma,not its stroma.

Question 14

In an epithelium,there is almost no extracellular matrix.

Question 15

The clear gel inside a cell is called __________.

A) matrix
B) ground substance
C) interstitial fluid
D) cytosol
E) tissue fluid

Question 16

Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.

Question 17

The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

Question 18

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.

Question 19

Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape.

Question 20

Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.

Question 21

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells,which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

A) fibrous
B) blood
C) basal
D) keratinized
E) goblet

Question 22

All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane,but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

A) pseudostratified columnar
B) simple columnar
C) stratified columnar
D) stratified cuboidal
E) stratified squamous

Question 23

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli)of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.

A) simple squamous
B) simple cuboidal
C) simple columnar
D) keratinized stratified squamous
E) nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 24

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________,whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

A) chondroblasts;plasma cells
B) mast cells;fibroblasts
C) osteocytes;chondroblasts
D) chondroblasts;fibroblasts
E) adipocytes;plasma cells

Question 25

A brush border of microvilli is found in __________ epithelium,which can be found in the __________.

A) pseudostratified;nasal cavity
B) simple cuboidal;esophagus
C) simple columnar;small intestine
D) stratified squamous;anal canal
E) stratified squamous;esophagus

Question 26

The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________.

A) epithelium;connective tissue
B) epithelium;extracellular material
C) epithelium;intracellular material
D) extracellular material;intracellular material
E) interstitial fluid;extracellular fluid

Question 27

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?

A) Most cells are not in direct contact with each other.
B) Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.
C) Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material.
D) Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance.
E) Most connective tissues are highly vascular.

Question 28

__________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body,whereas __________ epithelium is rare.

A) Simple columnar;stratified columnar
B) Stratified squamous;stratified columnar
C) Pseudostratified;stratified squamous
D) Simple cuboidal;stratified squamous
E) Stratified squamous;simple squamous

Question 29

The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________.

A) dense regular connective tissue
B) dense irregular connective tissue
C) elastic cartilage
D) fibrocartilage
E) ligaments

Question 30

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

A) Reticular tissue
B) Hyaline cartilage
C) Dense regular connective tissue
D) Dense irregular connective tissue
E) Areolar tissue

Question 31

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers.People with this syndrome have __________.

A) hyperextensible joints
B) a small cranium
C) elastic bones
D) stronger bones
E) viscous blood

Question 32

Found in the urinary bladder,__________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium,but the apical cells are rounded,not flattened.

A) transitional;stratified squamous
B) stratified squamous;pseudostratified
C) stratified squamous;stratified columnar
D) simple columnar;pseudostratified
E) transitional;simple cuboidal

Question 33

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

A) Very conspicuous fibers
B) The presence of fibroblasts
C) The presence of collagen
D) Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency
E) A calcified matrix

Question 34

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow,with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface,is called __________ epithelium.

A) stratified squamous
B) stratified cuboidal
C) simple cuboidal
D) simple columnar
E) pseudostratified columnar

Question 35

__________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress,as seen in the __________.

A) Transitional;tongue
B) Keratinized;tongue
C) Nonkeratinized;skin
D) Keratinized;skin
E) Nonkeratinized;vagina

Question 36

Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue,which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

A) simple columnar
B) stratified columnar
C) pseudostratified columnar
D) simple cuboidal
E) stratified cuboidal

Question 37

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue.An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.

A) epithelial;cartilage
B) muscular;osseous tissue
C) dense regular connective;dense irregular connective tissue
D) areolar;cartilage
E) nervous;osseous tissue

Question 38

New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored,while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in __________.

A) blood
B) fibrous connective tissue
C) adipose tissue
D) reticular tissue
E) transitional tissue

Question 39

__________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane,whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

A) Simple columnar;transitional
B) Simple squamous;stratified squamous
C) Simple cuboidal;pseudostratified
D) Pseudostratified;simple squamous
E) Pseudostratified;simple cuboidal

Question 40

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue.

A) interstitial
B) muscle
C) adipose
D) epithelial
E) nervous

Question 41

__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

A) Excitable
B) Responsive
C) Adipose
D) Epithelial
E) Connective

Question 42

Skeletal muscle is described as __________.

A) striated and voluntary
B) striated and involuntary
C) nonstriated and voluntary
D) nonstriated and involuntary
E) fibrous and containing ground substance

Question 43

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________.

A) blood and hyaline cartilage
B) blood,adipose tissue,and osseous tissue
C) ligaments,bones,and the most superficial portion of the skin
D) tendons,ligaments,and the deeper portion of the skin
E) areolar tissue,tongue,and bones

Question 44

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types.However,an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane.

A) mucous
B) serous
C) synovial
D) cutaneous
E) basement

Question 45

In the intestine,__________ ensure(s)that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

A) the plasma membrane
B) desmosomes
C) tight junctions
D) gap (communicating)junctions
E) ground substance

Question 46

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________.

A) the lamina propria
B) endothelium
C) a synovial membrane
D) a serous membrane (serosa)
E) a mucous membrane (mucosa)

Question 47

After six months of lifting weights at the gym,you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size.This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells.

A) hyperplasia
B) neoplasia
C) hypertrophy
D) metaplasia
E) atrophy

Question 48

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands.

A) areolar
B) simple acinar
C) simple coiled tubular
D) compound acinar
E) compound tubuloacinar

Question 49

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?

A) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
B) Proteoglycans
C) Chondroitin sulfate
D) Hyaluronic acid
E) Collagen

Question 50

Mucin is secreted by__________ glands,which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product._________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

A) mucous;serous
B) merocrine;holocrine
C) apocrine;mixed
D) endocrine;exocrine
E) serous;mucous

Question 51

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)help give the ground substance some of its qualities,including _________.

A) helping to transfer charges in the nervous system
B) holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance
C) giving bone its brittle,inorganic structure
D) providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments
E) acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction

Question 52

__________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space,and is found in many serous membranes.

A) Blood
B) Areolar tissue
C) Osseous tissue
D) Dense irregular connective tissue
E) Adipose tissue

Question 53

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n)__________,a nerve fiber refers to a(n)__________,and a muscle fiber refers to a(n)__________.

A) entire cell;organelle;tissue
B) organelle;entire cell;part of a cell
C) organelle;entire cell;complex of macromolecules
D) complex of macromolecules;entire cell;part of a cell
E) complex of macromolecules;part of a cell;entire cell

Question 54

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types,neurons and __________.

A) fibroblasts
B) chondrocytes
C) neuroglia
D) myocytes
E) osteocytes

Question 55

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive,respiratory,urinary,and reproductive tracts consists of _________.

A) simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue
B) areolar and dense irregular connective tissue
C) epithelium and lamina propria
D) areolar tissue and lamina propria
E) simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue

Question 56

Blood functions to __________________.

A) allow for heart contraction and relaxation
B) store energy for the heart
C) provide support to the heart
D) line the heart chambers
E) transport nutrients to the tissues

Question 57

__________ glands (such as tear glands)have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis.__________ glands (such as oil-producing glands)secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

A) Endocrine;Exocrine
B) Mucous;Serous
C) Exocrine;Apocrine
D) Mucous;Cutaneous
E) Merocrine;Holocrine

Question 58

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________.

A) smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract
B) skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract
C) cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract
D) striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other
E) skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract

Question 59

__________ secrete __________ into __________.

A) Goblet cells;mucus;the blood
B) Endocrine glands;hormones;ducts
C) Exocrine glands;hormones;ducts
D) Endocrine glands;hormones;the blood
E) Exocrine glands;mucus;the blood

Question 60

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________.

A) dense regular;dense irregular connective tissues
B) plasma;formed elements
C) elastic cartilage;hyaline cartilage
D) spongy bone;compact (dense)bone
E) adipose tissue;reticular tissue

Question 61

The middle primary germ layer is called __________,which gives rise to a gelatinous material called __________,which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone,cartilage,and blood.

A) ectoderm;stem cells
B) mesoderm;mesenchyme
C) endoderm;mesenchyme
D) mesoderm;fibroblasts
E) ectoderm;mesenchyme

Question 62

Most growth in childhood is the result of hyperplasia.

Question 63

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases.This is a consequence of __________ in human breast cells.

A) necrosis
B) apoptosis
C) atrophy
D) infarction
E) gangrene

Question 64

The process of a cell changing types to respond to its environment is called neoplasia.

Question 65

Connective tissues contain abundant cells that are on contact with one another.

Question 66

With regard to the healing of a skin wound,macrophages ___________.

A) release histamine to increase blood flow to the area
B) produce and secrete collagenous fibers
C) phagocytize and digest tissue debris
D) stimulate epithelial cells to multiply
E) make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area

Question 67

Neurons are a major type of cell found in nervous tissue.

Question 68

Rapid cell death caused by a complete cutting off of blood supply is called gangrene.

Question 69

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES)cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells.This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are __________ stem cells.

A) unipotent
B) multipotent
C) pluripotent
D) totipotent
E) omnipotent

Question 70

Adult stem cells are usually pluripotent.

Question 71

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium.This is an example of __________.

A) neoplasia
B) metaplasia
C) atrophy
D) differentiation
E) hyperplasia

Question 72

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________.

A) necrosis
B) apoptosis
C) gangrene
D) regeneration
E) fibrosis