Deck 6: Individuals With Learning Disabilities

Question 1

Juan was identified with a learning disability at age 10. When interviewing his mother, she disclosed that his father and other relatives had significant difficulties in reading and spelling. The etiology of the learning disability would most likely be attributed to what category?

A)Acquired trauma
B)Genetic/hereditary influences
C)Biochemical abnormalities
D)Environmental possibilities

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What has developed when a student anticipates failure, frequently gives up, and may not attempt to complete a task?

A)Learned helplessness
B)Cognitive dysfunction
C)Motivation reduction
D)Cognitive repression

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In most instances, how large of a discrepancy is required for a student to be identified with a learning disability?

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2 years
D)3 years

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What assessment is based on objectives found in the local school curriculum?

A)Norm-referenced
B)Curriculum-based
C)Criterion-referenced
D)Authentic

Question 5

What emerging method of identifying a learning disability was supported with the reauthorization of IDEA 2004?

A)Severe discrepancy
B)Progress monitoring
C)Response to intervention
D)Disability assessment

Question 6

What is the suggested length for the delivery of tier 2 interventions to determine the effectiveness?

A)5 weeks
B)8 weeks
C)15 weeks
D)As long as necessary

Question 7

Understanding the rules that govern the correspondence between specific sounds and certain letters that make up words is associated with?

A)Phonemic awareness
B)Phonological awareness
C)Dyscalculia
D)Dyslexia

Question 8

Which phase focused on the study of brain functions and impact on cognitive impairments?

A)Foundation Phase
B)Transition Phase
C)Integration Phase
D)Current Phase

Question 9

What is the ability to evaluate and monitor one's own performance?

A)Meta-analysis
B)Metacognition
C)Self-assessment
D)Self-cognition

Question 10

A difficulty in using language correctly in social situations is referred to a deficit in what?

A)Oral expression
B)Spoken language
C)Syntax
D)Pragmatics

Question 11

How often should progress monitoring occur on the target skill to ensure adequate progress and learning?

A)Once a semester
B)Once every 9 weeks
C)Once a month
D)Twice a month

Question 12

What are the estimates of the percentage of students with a learning disability?

A)0% - 50%
B)1% - 30%
C)50% - 75%
D)60% - 80%

Question 13

Which learning disability is associated with a severe difficulty in recognizing and comprehending written words?

A)Phonemic awareness
B)Phonological awareness
C)Dyscalculia
D)Dyslexia

Question 14

What percentage of students with learning disabilities receives services because of difficulties in mathematics?

A)15%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 15

What instructional technique is frequently associated with cognitive training?

A)Direct instruction
B)Strategic instruction
C)Self instruction
D)Guided notes

Question 16

Joan is receiving tier 1 interventions. Who is the person most likely to deliver this support?

A)Special educator
B)General educator
C)Counselor
D)Reading specialist

Question 17

What is the most common location for the delivery of services for students with learning disabilities?

A)General education classroom
B)Collaborative classroom
C)Resource classroom
D)Separate school setting

Question 18

George was suspected of having a learning disability. His teachers provided a series of instructional interventions to support his academic progress. How will his teachers determine the efficacy of these interventions?

A)Assessments
B)Progress monitoring.
C)Interviews
D)Unit tests

Question 19

The RTI model shifts from what concept that is attributed to the discrepancy model?

A)Wait to fail
B)Believe and achieve
C)Efficient identification
D)Under-identification

Question 20

When Susan was 4 years old, she fell and suffered a serious head injury. Through a thorough assessment process, Susan was identified with a learning disability at age 11. The etiology of the learning disability would most likely be attributed to what category?

A)Acquired trauma
B)Genetic/hereditary influences
C)Biochemical abnormalities
D)Environmental possibilities

Question 21

One central component is the idea of a ______________________ between the student's academic performance and his or her estimated or assumed ability or potential.

A)Difference
B)Discrepancy
C)Disability
D)Disintegration

Question 22

Learning disabilities tend to be:

A)Short in duration
B)Easy to see
C)Life threatening
D)A chronic condition

Question 23

What percentage of children receiving a special education is classified with learning disabilities?

A)80.5%
B)10.2%
C)45.5%
D)50.2%

Question 24

Nita has a learning disability and is enrolled in a community college and has not performed well on her unit tests. What is an accommodation that may support her learning?

A)Extra time on exams
B)Taking the exam in a distraction free room
C)Taking the exam in a different format
D)All of the above

Question 25

Which phrase best describes the history of learning disabilities?

A)A relatively recent concept
B)Known and treated for over a century
C)Easy to diagnose and treat
D)It rarely occurs anymore

Question 26

What curriculum model views cognitive development as resulting from maturation coupled with the child's interaction with the environment?

A)Functional curriculum
B)Behavioral curriculum
C)Developmental/cognitive model
D)Environmental interaction model

Question 27

What is the focus of the learning strategies approach?

A)When to learn
B)What to learn
C)Why to learn
D)How to learn

Question 28

Select the identification label for young children who evidence a persistent learning difficulty.

A)Autism
B)Behavioral delayed
C)Developmentally delayed
D)Learning disability

Question 29

All of the following are common components of the definition of learning disabilities, EXCEPT:

A)Presence of intellectual disabilities
B)Discrepancy between assumed ability and actual achievement
C)Difficulty in learning in one or more subject areas
D)Presumption of central nervous system dysfunction

Question 30

Sherry has difficulty maintaining attention during an instructional lesson. What instructional model would be appropriate?

A)Direct instruction
B)Strategic instruction
C)Self instruction
D)Guided notes

Question 31

A form of alternative assessment, thought to provide a more accurate representation of what a student can accomplish is:

A)Authentic
B)Curriculum-based
C)Criterion-referenced
D)Norm-referenced

Question 32

Most families of students with learning disabilities are?

A)Dysfunctional
B)Well adjusted
C)Upper income
D)Median income

Question 33

Select the challenge that is NOT associated with students with learning disabilities.

A)Working independently with little feedback
B)Demonstrating knowledge through tests
C)Receiving instruction with typical peers
D)Interacting appropriately

Question 34

Who coined the term, learning disability?

A)James T. Kirk
B)Thomas Edison
C)Samuel Kirk
D)Howard Gardner

Question 35

Which of the following competency areas, in which there is discrepancy in achievement, could possibly indicate a learning disability?

A)Musical comprehension
B)Athletic intelligence
C)Geographical deficiencies
D)Written expression

Question 36

Which of the four phases, in the Development of the Field of Learning Disabilities, is marked, by, developing assessment instruments and remediation strategies?

A)Transition
B)Current
C)Foundation
D)Integration

Question 37

According the text, all of the following people are suspected of having a learning disability, EXCEPT?

A)Albert Einstein
B)Tom Cruise
C)Tom Selleck
D)Bruce Jenner

Question 38

Select a critical component for effectively including students with learning disabilities in the general classroom?

A)Extended time on assignments
B)Sufficient planning time with the general education and special education teachers
C)Assistive technology
D)Availability of manipulatives

Question 39

What an individual believes about what contributes to his/her success or failure on a task is known as?

A)Metacognition
B)Meta-analysis
C)Pragmatics
D)Attribution

Question 40

What factor(s) may place a child at risk for a learning disability?

A)Maternal alcohol and drug abuse
B)Chronic poverty
C)Low birth weight
D)All of the above

Question 41

_______________ memory requires an individual to retain information while simultaneously engaging in another cognitive activity.

A)Long-term
B)Short-term
C)Working
D)Transitory

Question 42

The cause of the learning disability has significant relevance in the educational program development.

Question 43

The transition plan developed for students with learning disabilities focuses on preparation for success in higher education.

Question 44

What percentage of students with learning disabilities graduates from high school?

A)99%
B)79%
C)49%
D)39%

Question 45

Girls with learning disabilities tend to have more achievement deficits in ___________?

A)reading and math
B)science and social studies
C)social skills
D)writing

Question 46

Students with learning disabilities have a higher dropout rate than students without disabilities.

Question 47

Individuals with learning disabilities experience effects of the disability only during the school age years.

Question 48

In tier ___, preventive instruction is delivered to all students.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 49

Criterion-referenced assessments measure a student's abilities against a predetermined mastery level.

Question 50

There is extreme diversity in the definition, etiology, and treatment of learning disabilities.

Question 51

_______________ is the key to meeting the instructional needs of students with learning disabilities.

A)Identification
B)Individualization
C)Preparation
D)Separation

Question 52

A specialist in neurology who hypothesized that language disorders in children were due to the absence of cerebral dominance

A)Samuel Orton
B)Grace Fernald
C)Newell Kephart
D)Marianne Frostig

Question 53

All are steps typically used during cognitive training EXCEPT:

A)Pupil performs the task with teacher providing verbal directions
B)Child performs the activity while verbalizing aloud
C)Pupil performs the activity while silent
D)Child monitors and self-evaluates

Question 54

Mnemonic strategies are a component of Direct Instruction.

Question 55

__________ approach stresses behaviors that have immediate relevance for students as they confront the demands of their natural environment

A)Functional curriculum
B)Behavioral curriculum
C)Developmental/cognitive
D)Behavioral/cognitive

Question 56

Students with learning disabilities tend to become passive or inactive learners.

Question 57

Students with learning disabilities do not spontaneously use effective learning strategies at the same rate as typically developing peers.

Question 58

When assessing the presence of a disability the ___________________ between the student's academic performance and the estimated potential is considered.

A)discrepancy
B)transition
C)communication
D)training

Question 59

PL108-446 mandates that a ______ be part of each adolescent's IEP

A)Speech Therapy Plan
B)Transition Plan
C)Individualized Family Plan
D)Physical Therapy Plan

Question 60

There is a federal discrepancy formula for all states to use consistently for the identification of a learning disability.

Question 61

What are three of the requirements in IDEA for assessment of students with learning disabilities?

Question 62

List four common components of the definitions of Learning Disability.

Question 63

What are 3 potential advantages of RTI?

Question 64

The field of learning disabilities is a multidisciplinary field.

Question 65

Name three differences between the definition of learning disabilities proposed by Samuel Kirk and the definition incorporated in the Learning Disabilities Act of 1969.

Question 66

Well over half of all students identified as learning disabled exhibit problems with reading

Question 67

Discuss three reasons why the prevalence of learning disability has increased.

Question 68

List three perinatal causes that have been linked to the occurrence of a learning disability.

Question 69

Individualization is the key to meeting the instructional needs of pupils who have learning disabilities.

Question 70

Review the development of the definition of learning disabilities. Select a definition that is most accurate and provide your rationale for the definition you select.

Question 71

A learning disability typically interferes with living independently, obtaining and maintaining employment, maintaining social relationships, and experiencing satisfaction with life in general

Question 72

What are the three levels of intervention in the RTI model?

Question 73

List four skills that impact an individual's reading comprehension.

Question 74

For many years, educators correctly assumed that children with learning disabilities would simply "outgrow" them.

Question 75

The federal interpretation of the definition of a learning disability includes an exclusionary clause.

Question 76

Describe five learning and behavioral characteristics of individuals with learning disabilities.

Question 77

All children with learning disabilities display characteristics of ADHD

Question 78

About nine out of every ten individuals with learning disabilities spend some, most, or all of their school day in a regular classroom

Question 79

Children with learning disabilities almost always have subpar intelligence.

Question 80

Provide five principles for effective cognitive education programming.