Deck 7: Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 1

A problem experienced by individuals with impaired executive functioning may be:

A)forgetfulness
B)difficulty following rules and directions
C)lack of emotional control
D)all of the above

Answer 1

Not Answer

Question 2

The correlation between which of these environmental factors and ADHD is supported by research?

A)An excess of sugar
B)Overexposure to television
C)Maternal smoking
D)Food additives

Answer 2

Not Answer

Question 3

Some professionals are concerned with the identification of ADHD in culturally diverse students because

A)African American individuals have a higher rate of the disorder
B)The rating scales used to identify the disorder may reflect bias towards or against certain cultural groups
C)The assessment methods used are only accurate for European American individuals
D)The common treatment approaches are only effective for European American individuals

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not a common vocational outcome for adults with ADHD?

A)They are more likely to be fired
B)They are often self-employed
C)They will almost always be unable to maintain a detail-oriented job
D)They change jobs frequently

Question 5

What type of classroom environment do most students with ADHD respond to the best?

A)Structured and predicable so the student knows the rules and what to expect
B)Unstructured to allow the student to shift his attention from task to task
C)Rigid so the student must learn to pay attention and stay on task
D)It doesn't matter what type of environment the student is in as long as they are taking medication to address the problem

Question 6

What is the term used to describe the situation in which an individual's behavior grows worse as psychostimulant medication wears off?

A)Rebound result
B)Rebound consequence
C)Rebound effect
D)Rebound period

Question 7

One of your students has been through the referral process and did not qualify for special education services under IDEA. You are still concerned that the child may need extra help to succeed in school. What should you do?

A)There's not much you can do, if the student does not qualify for services, you should focus your attention on those students that do
B)Request an evaluation by a different team to get a second opinion
C)Recommend that he be transferred to a classroom where students with ADHD are already being served
D)See that he receives services under section 504

Question 8

What is a good recommendation for a teacher who is working with a student with ADHD struggling with oral expression?

A)Substitute a display for an oral report
B)Call on the student randomly to speak aloud so he grows accustomed to it
C)Correct the student when their oral expression is inaccurate
D)Provide strict guidelines of what the student should discuss

Question 9

When ADHD first began to be recognized in the schools, why was it important for parents and professionals to lobby to acquire special education services for individuals with ADHD?

A)To get the children out of the schools where they were being disruptive
B)Because of the nature of the disorder, these children needed extra help making friends
C)Because of the nature of the disorder, it was difficult for these children to succeed in the traditional classroom setting
D)None of the above

Question 10

What is a good recommendation for a teacher who is working with a student with ADHD struggling with written expression?

A)Provide the student with more written assignments to allow him to practice
B)Allow the student to use a word processor, typewriter, etc.
C)Have peers critique the student's written work
D)None of the above

Question 11

What educational setting is the most beneficial for students with ADHD?

A)Included in a general education classroom
B)Part of a special education classroom
C)Part of a classroom that utilizes collaboration between special education and general education teachers
D)It depends on the case

Question 12

A highly recommended strategy for students with ADHD that requires students to stop and compare their behavior to pre-set criteria is known as

A)self-control
B)self-regulation
C)impulse control
D)self-discipline

Question 13

The majority of individuals identified as ADHD fit into which profile?

A)ADHD - predominantly inattentive type
B)ADHD - predominantly hyperactive type
C)ADHD - predominantly impulsive type
D)ADHD - combined type

Question 14

The most popular form of medication used to treat individuals with ADHD is

A)Psychostimulants
B)Antidepressants
C)Narcotics
D)Psychotropics

Question 15

What is one thing a teacher should not do when working with a student with ADHD who is struggling with reading?

A)Provide extra reading time
B)Shorten reading assignments
C)Ask the student to read assignments out loud
D)Preview the reading assignments

Question 16

Why is there a high rate of comorbidity between ADHD and other psychiatric disorders?

A)Individuals who are susceptible to ADHD are also susceptible to other psychiatric problems
B)Researchers do not know why the overlap exists
C)ADHD can be the cause of other psychiatric problems
D)Professionals are more likely to identify an individual with psychiatric problems if the individual has already been identified as having ADHD

Question 17

Why might it be important to use a multidimensional approach to assessing for ADHD?

A)The instruments used to assess for ADHD are not reliable or valid
B)It is important to get multiple perspectives on an individual's behavior in order to identify them as having ADHD
C)It is not important to use a multidimensional approach-the assessment process is quite simple and can be conducted through observations
D)None of the above

Question 18

Which is the term used to describe the process that focuses on determining the purpose or function that a particular behavior serves?

A)Analysis of Behavior
B)Functional Behavior Assessment
C)Functional Identification
D)None of the above

Question 19

Which is not a recommendation outlined by the American Academy of Pediatrics for professionals identifying persons with ADHD?

A)In assessing for ADHD, it is necessary to get a full cognitive evaluation
B)In a child 6 to 12 years old who presents with inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, academic underachievement, or behavior problems, primary care clinicians should initiate an evaluation for ADHD
C)The diagnosis of ADHD requires that a child meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria
D)Evaluation of the child with ADHD should include assessment for coexisting conditions

Question 20

It is important to seek a medical evaluation when assessing an individual for ADHD because

A)doctors can do medical tests to confirm the existence of the disorder
B)it is important to rule out other medical conditions that may be contributing to the behaviors of concern
C)physicians are better able to identify the disorder because of their medical training
D)parents are more likely to trust their physician than the school evaluation team

Question 21

In regards to individuals with ADHD, postsecondary institutions

A)are not required to make accommodations for students because they do not fall under IDEA
B)are required to offer services if made aware that a student has been identified with the disorder
C)are required to seek out students who may be affected by the disorder and offer them services
D)can refuse services to a previously identified student if the institution's evaluation team does not agree with the identification

Question 22

When working with a student with ADHD, encouragement and reassurance by the teacher can serve to

A)motivate the student to attend to the task at hand
B)increase the student's self-esteem
C)open lines of communication
D)all of the above

Question 23

___________________ was an early term used to describe distractible and impulsive students and faded because it undermined the difficulties these students experienced.

A)Strauss syndrome
B)Minimal brain injury
C)Hyperactive child
D)Attention impaired

Question 24

All of the following are examples of executive functions of the brain, EXCEPT:

A)Working memory
B)Arousal levels
C)Inner speech
D)Motor coordination

Question 25

Self-monitoring behavior in students with ADHD

A)is not effective in elementary-aged students
B)does not work because students cheat
C)is effective in improving academic and behavioral problems
D)is extremely time-consuming to teach

Question 26

Psychostimulants prove ineffective in, approximately, how many instances?

A)10-15% of the time
B)5-10% of the time
C)30-40% of the time
D)25-30% of the time

Question 27

You are concerned that one of your students may be exhibiting symptoms of ADHD. What is one of the first approaches you may take to assist him before referring him for services?

A)Place him in the least distracting location in the class
B)Adapt work assignments so the student has less to do
C)Allow the student to use additional learning aids
D)Recommend that the parents consider medication for their child

Question 28

The term comorbidity is used to describe:

A)An overlap of multiple conditions
B)A condition for which there is no cure
C)Something that is easy to diagnose and treat
D)A rare blood disease

Question 29

All of the following are developmental features that distinguish ADHD from typical patterns of behavior in young children, EXCEPT:

A)Inability to learn in traditional classroom environment
B)Chronic over time
C)Generally pervasive across situations
D)Deviant from aged based standards

Question 30

All of the following are potential characteristics of adults who have ADHD, EXCEPT:

A)Chronic fatigue
B)Feelings of restlessness
C)Relationship difficulties
D)Anger management difficulties

Question 31

Because the IDEA does not define ADHD, from what source, does the text cite, as the working definition of ADHD?

A)New England Journal of Medicine
B)American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
C)American Psychiatric Association
D)Johns Hopkins University

Question 32

Since the IDEA does not recognize ADHD as one of the thirteen categories of disabilities, under which category would a child who is diagnosed with ADHD, most likely, receive services?

A)Developmental delay
B)Intellectual disability
C)Other health impairments
D)Specific learning disabilities

Question 33

Which is not a side effect typically associated with psychostimulant medication?

A)Headaches
B)Depression
C)Hallucinations
D)Insomnia

Question 34

What may be the danger(s) of using medication to treat ADHD?

A)Negative side effects associated with the medication
B)Risks involved in managing medication within the school
C)The reliance on medication may result in less accountability of the student and professionals for certain behaviors
D)All of the above

Question 35

ADHD has a high level of ____________________ with other problems such as learning disabilities and emotional disorders.

A)comorbidity
B)disconnect
C)similarity
D)discrepancy

Question 36

"Looking at one's own behavior, given a predetermined criterion", best describes which strategy?

A)Self -observation
B)Self-assessment
C)Self-recording
D)Self-determination of reinforcement

Question 37

The most important thing to remember about home-school collaboration is

A)the method in which the communication occurs
B)that communication is taking place with the head of the family
C)the student is aware that communication is taking place
D)that meaningful communication is taking place between school and the family

Question 38

Classwide interventions for students with ADHD

A)are only effective if all students in the classroom suffer from the disorder
B)are a way to help students with ADHD without singling out one individual
C)are not commonly used
D)are often counter-productive for the students who do not have ADHD within the classroom

Question 39

Medication for students with ADHD

A)is often enough to control the students' behavior and increase achievement
B)should always be used in addition to educational and behavioral interventions
C)is ineffective the majority of the time
D)will stunt growth

Question 40

Psychostimulants operate by increasing the production of what naturally occurring hormone?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Pseudoephedrine
C)Dopamine
D)Estrogen

Question 41

The use of psychostimulants such as Ritalin is correlated with illegal drug use in adolescence and adulthood.

Question 42

The doctor's office effect is a known phenomenon where children present, free of symptoms, in novel and structured situations.

Question 43

ADHD is widely understood

Question 44

The prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain are responsible for _________________.

A)motor behavior
B)emotional regulation
C)executive functions
D)temperature regulation

Question 45

The precise cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is

A)Heredity
B)Environment
C)Neurological
D)Unknown

Question 46

During the 2008-2009 school year, over 648,000 students were identified as Other Health Impaired. In the past decade this category has seen an astonishing _______increase, largely suspected to be the result of the increased number of students diagnosed with ADHD

A)50%
B)97%
C)193%
D)200%

Question 47

According to the DSM-IV-TR, in order to be considered as having ADHD, symptoms must have occurred before age _______________.

A)six
B)twelve
C)ten
D)seven

Question 48

__________________ is a term used to refer to an individual's ability to withhold planned responses to stimuli, interrupt an initiated response, and protect an ongoing activity from distracting stimuli.

A)Protective behaviors
B)Behavior modification
C)Behavioral consistency
D)Behavioral inhibition

Question 49

What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD in the school-aged population?

A)1 to 2 percent
B)3 to 7 percent
C)8 to 11 percent
D)over 12 percent

Question 50

Researchers have found significant improvements in children's behavior when they are taking stimulant medication.

Question 51

Current IDEA legislation recognizes ADHD as a separate disability category.

Question 52

What is the most salient feature of ADHD?

A)Depression
B)Academic under achievement
C)Academic high achievement
D)High absenteeism

Question 53

A child should be referred for services due to ADHD only after medication has failed to control the problem.

Question 54

Behaviors characteristic of ADHD are easy to see, making assessment and identification of the disorder simple.

Question 55

Scientific research points to biological differences that explain the primary contributing factor for the discrepancy between the numbers of boys who have ADHD, as compared to girls.

Question 56

According to research, ADHD is more often diagnosed in males than females.

Question 57

Approximately 80% of children with ADHD continue to display symptoms in adolescence.

Question 58

Bias was an initial concern when using behavior rating scales, but the standardization process used today eliminates the risk of bias.

Question 59

In 1942, youngsters who displayed high levels of distractibility and hyperactivity were commonly referred to as exhibiting the ________syndrome

A)Strauss
B)Werner
C)Cruickshank
D)Frostig

Question 60

Self-Regulation techniques are useful in both special and general education classrooms.

Question 61

List the five steps students follow in the self-regulation process

Question 62

Name one behavior rating scale discussed in the chapter used to identify ADHD.

Question 63

There are several medical and psychological tests to definitively determine ADHD for adults.

Question 64

List the steps in the three-pronged approach effective teachers take when working with students with ADHD.

Question 65

Discuss two classroom-wide interventions (one academic, one behavioral) that you, as a teacher, may employ to serve students with ADHD within your classroom. What would be the benefits of using those interventions? What would be the cons?

Question 66

A mother, upon hearing that her son has been identified as having ADHD says "well of course Johnny's forgetful and impulsive; he's an 8-year-old boy. Aren't all boys his age like that?" Briefly describe one way in which you might respond.

Question 67

Individuals with attention hyperactivity disorder have been recognized for more than a hundred years.

Question 68

Name one suggestion a teacher could use when working with a student with ADHD who is struggling with math.

Question 69

Describe the evolution of the identification of individuals with ADHD. How were these children viewed in the early 1900s? What were some key findings that changed the way that professionals thought about this disorder?

Question 70

What is the term used to describe the situation in which a child who normally displays behaviors characteristic of ADHD does not display such behaviors when evaluated by a doctor?

Question 71

Professionals confronted with making a diagnosis of ADHD can seek guidance from guidelines disseminated by the American Academy of Pediatrics

Question 72

You are developing an IEP for an individual identified as having ADHD-combined type. What are some recommendations you may make to help teachers address the issue in the classroom? List at least four accommodations for inattention and four accommodations for hyperactivity/impulsivity and justify why these accommodations may be helpful to the student.

Question 73

if a student is found ineligible for special education, general educators are not required to accommodate individual differences and learning styles of children who exhibits ADHD.

Question 74

Describe the possible etiology of ADHD. Are biological or environmental factors most likely the cause?

Question 75

What is the youngest age any medication used to treat ADHD is approved for?

Question 76

Environmental modifications are often crucial if the student with ADHD is to succeed in the classroom

Question 77

What is a likely reason the prevalence of ADHD continues to grow?

Question 78

What treatment approach do researchers believe is the most effective for students with ADHD.

Question 79

An estimated 20 to 35 percent of youngsters with ADHD will be unimpaired as adults.

Question 80

Name two developmental features that distinguish ADHD from typical patterns of behavior.