Deck 6: Looking

Question 1

Any pair of extra-ocular muscles can work as agonists, promoting motion in a common direction, or as antagonists, promoting motions in opposite directions. The basis for this statement is that

A) The two eyes can exhibit conjugate movements but not disjunctive movements
B) The two eyes can exhibit disjunctive movements but not conjugate movements
C) The two eyes cannot exhibit conjugate movements or disjunctive movements
D) None of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Visually fixating and tracking a moving target improves through age

A) 4-5 years
B) 6-8 years
C) 9-12 years
D) 13-17 years

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Pupil diameter changes in response to

A) Illumination
B) Mental load
C) Interest
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Outflow theory says

A) Efferent commands flow out from motor neurons
B) Afferent commands flow out from sensory receptors
C) Copies of efferent commands are used to cancel perceptual inputs
D) Copies of afferent signals are used to cancel perceptual inputs

Question 5

Saccade amplitudes are increased by firing more motor neurons in relevant cranial nerves and by increasing the durations of their firing. Consistent with this model,

A) Saccade peak velocities increase with saccade amplitudes
B) Saccade peak velocities decrease with saccade amplitudes
C) Saccade peak velocities do not vary with saccade amplitudes
D) Saccade peak velocities depend on how individuals pursue moving targets with their eyes

Question 6

The reason we don't notice the darkening of the visual world when we blink may be because corollary discharge signals the visual centers to discount such darkening when blinks occur. In support of this hypothesis, it has been found that

A) Sensitivity to light is heightened around the time of a blink
B) Sensitivity to light is reduced around the time of a blink
C) Sensitivity to light is unaffected around the time of a blink
D) Sensitivity of the ciliary muscles changes around the time of a blink

Question 7

The labyrinths of the inner ear play a critical role in

A) Coordinative structures
B) Optokinetic nystagmus
C) The vestibular-ocular reflex VOR)
D) Maze learning

Question 8

Neural discharge properties closely linked to eye postions have

A) Never been found
B) Been found in Brodman's area 3a, located near areas of somatosensory cortex that respond to touch on the face, mouth, and lips
C) Been found in the cerebellum
D) Been found in frontal eye fields

Question 9

A source of evidence that saccades and smooth eye movements are controlled by different neural controllers is that

A) Saccades but not smooth eye movement are impaired in multiple sclerosis
B) Smooth eye movements but not saccades are impaired in multiple sclerosis
C) Saccades and smooth eye movement are both impaired in multiple sclerosis
D) Neither saccades nor smooth eye movement are impaired in multiple sclerosis Chapter 6 Answer Key

Question 10

Each gaze direction has a unique pitch, roll, and yaw of the eyeball. This principle is known as

A) Efferent Copy
B) Listing's Law
C) Donders' Law
D) None of the above

Question 11

Saccades

A) Are always straight
B) Are always curved
C) Are mostly straight but can be curved when visual targets are moved experimentally while initial saccades are under way
D) Are straight or curved depending on how bright the surroundings are

Question 12

As concerns the eye, drifts, tremors, and microsaccades

A) Are miniature eye movements, all of which are voluntary
B) Are miniature eye movements, some of which are voluntary
C) Are miniature eye movements, none of which is voluntary
D) Are all signs of syphilis

Question 13

Based on research described in the Looking chapter, which of the following would be most likely to be useful to people in law enforcement who wish to reveal whether someone recognizes someone else

A) Show that the individual looks longer at a familiar face that at unfamiliar faces, all else being equal
B) Show that the individual uses smoother visual pursuit movements when visually tracking a familiar face than an unfamiliar face, all else being equal
C) Show that the individual exhibits more tremor when shown a familiar face than an unfamiliar face, all else being equal
D) Measure the OKN

Question 14

Rapid alternation between saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements occurs in

A) Drifts
B) Optokinetic nystagmus
C) Microsaccades
D) None of the above

Question 15

Vergence eye movements are triggered by

A) Seeing eye to eye with another person
B) Retinal disparity and detection of blurriness
C) Retinal disparity but not detection of blurriness
D) Detection of blurriness but not retinal disparity

Question 16

Saccades are made in response to ________ errors, whereas smooth pursuit eye movements are made in response to ________ errors.

A) Position, velocity
B) Velocity, position
C) Visual, nonvisual
D) Retinal stabilization, non-retinal stabilization

Question 17

Unlike the superior colliculus, the posterior parietal cortex

A) Shows increased activity prior to saccades to targets but not prior to hand movements to those same targets
B) Shows increased activity prior to hand movements to targets but not prior to saccades to those same targets
C) Shows increased activity prior to saccades to targets and prior to hand movements to those same targets
D) Is involved in the control of eye movements

Question 18

Snow blindness is caused by

A) Exposure to low temperatures
B) Photoreceptors getting homogeneous stimulation
C) Retinal freezing
D) Flaky nystagmus

Question 19

Which type of eye movement is disjunctive rather than conjunctive?

A) Saccades
B) Pursuit movements
C) Vergence
D) Nystagmus size

Question 20

Saccadic suppression is

A) Stopping a saccade before it would normally occur
B) Stopping a saccade while it is occurring
C) Seeing less during saccades than during visual fixations
D) None of the above