Deck 3: Physiological Foundations

Question 1

Stimulation of the motor cortex for __________ yields __________ and stimulation of the motor cortex for __________ yields _________.

A) 500 ms, twitches, 50 ms, postures
B) 500 ms, postures, 50 ms, twitches
C) 500 ms, twitches, 50 ms, twitches
D) 500 ms, postures, 50 ms, postures

Answer 1

B

Question 2

fMRI studies reveal that motor imagery is mainly associated with activity in the

A) Basal ganglia
B) SMA
C) Parietal cortex
D) Nuclear bag fibers

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cells that respond to the seen position of an external object relative to the hand or face are found in the

A) Motor cortex
B) Cerebellum
C) Premotor cortex
D) Supplementary motor area SMA)

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A patient who consistently forgot to shave one side of his face would most likely have a legion in

A) Broca's area
B) Wernicke's area
C) Penfield's area
D) Parietal cortex

Question 5

Two regions that are thought to play a role in skill learning are

A) The caudate and putamen, neither of which occupies the basal ganglia
B) The caudate and putamen, both of which occupy the basal ganglia
C) The caudate, which occupies the basal ganglia, and the putamen, which does not
D) The putamen, which occupies the basal ganglia, and the caudate, which does not

Question 6

Which neural element in the following list could best called an element of "self-control"?

A) Motor neuron
B) Tendon
C) Ia fiber
D) Renshaw cell

Question 7

Schizophrenic patients who hear voices when no external voice sounds are present are most likely to have

A) Super-normal hearing
B) Impaired connections between frontal and parietal regions
C) Impaired connections between Wernicke's and Broca's regions
D) Impaired connections between alpha and gamma motor neurons

Question 8

Ataxia is

A) The inability to control attacks
B) The inability to perform calculations
C) Poor balance, typically because of damage to the supplementary motor cortex
D) Poor balance, typically because of damage to the cerebellum

Question 9

Contrary to the servo theory of muscle activation,

A) Intrafusal muscle fibers are generally activated before extrafusal muscle fibers are activated
B) Intrafusal muscle fibers and extrafusal muscle fibers are not really distinguishable
C) Intrafusal muscle fibers and extrafusal muscle fibers are generally activated simultaneously
D) Servo mechanisms are no longer thought to play any role in motor control

Question 10

Which of these elements plays) a role in the stretch reflex?

A) Muscle spindles
B) Extrafusal muscle fibers
C) Intrafusal muscle fibers
D) All of the above

Question 11

Patients with Parkinson's disease exhibit

A) Shaking motion at rest resting tremor)
B) Slow movement initiation akinesia)
C) Slow movement execution bradykinesia)
D) All of the above

Question 12

The most basic element of motor control is

A) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a motor unit
B) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a reflex arc
C) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a long loop
D) None of the above

Question 13

It is believed that plans for movements are generally housed in the left hemisphere of the brain. This is because

A) Apraxia is more common in right hemiplegia than in left hemiplegia
B) Apraxia is more common in left hemiplegia than in right hemiplegia
C) Apraxia is equally common in right and left hemiplegia
D) The left hemisphere stores more information generally

Question 14

The inability to perform purposeful motor acts when the perceptual, cognitive, and motoric components of the acts are otherwise intact is known as

A) Apraxia
B) Anarchic hand syndrome
C) Neglect
D) Huntington's disease

Question 15

Due to the strength of actin-myosin bridges at different muscle lengths, tension developed by muscle during active contraction is

A) A U-shaped function of muscle length
B) An inverted U-shaped function of muscle length
C) An M-shaped function of muscle length
D) An inverted M-shaped function of muscle length

Question 16

The method used to obtain the Hoffman or H reflex is to

A) Obtain functional magnetic resonance images fMRIs)
B) Legion the corpus callosum
C) Legion regions where epileptic attacks originate
D) Stimulate sensory nerves and record the immediately ensuing electromyographic EMG) activity, particularly when the participant is in different preparatory states Chapter 3 Answer Key

Question 17

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _________ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___________.

A) Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, riding a bicycle
B) Not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4
C) Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4
D) None of the above

Question 18

Whereas stretch receptors fire when muscles lengthen,

A) Golgi tendon fire when muscles contract
B) Golgi tendon organs fire when muscles expand like a balloon
C) Golgi tendon organs fire only when muscles co-contract
D) None of the above

Question 19

Within the motor cortex

A) Neighboring regions of the body are represented by neighboring regions
B) Some regions of the body are more amply represented than other regions
C) Both a and b
D) Neither force nor direction of movement are represented

Question 20

Population coding

A) Allows precise motor output despite broad tuning curves of individual neurons in the population
B) Allows only sloppy motor output, just like the broad tuning curves of individual neurons in the population
C) Represents the brain's responsiveness to the activity of only those neurons whose activation levels are in the top 20%
D) Represents the brain's responsiveness to the activity of only those neurons whose activation levels are in the top 50%