Deck 14: Globalization in Latin America, africa, and the Caribbean

Question 1

The Afrikaners and the Boers of South Africa came from England.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Slavery was made illegal in the United States before it became illegal in Brazil.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Ethnographic studies indicate that the behavior of individuals in peasant communities usually conforms to the ideals of machismo.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Agricultural land is more likely to be individually owned by peasants in open peasant communities.

Question 5

Apartheid is a system in which social and political rights are based on an individual's physical characteristics.

Question 6

The petroleum industry in Mexico is owned and controlled by multinational corporations.

Question 7

Slavery was practiced in African chiefdoms before the arrival of Europeans.

Question 8

Latin America had relatively little cultural diversity prior to the arrival of the Spanish.
2 Led by Hernando Cortés, the Spanish were able to establish domination over the Aztec empire in less than three years.

Question 9

The French were the first Europeans to engage in slave trade in West Africa.

Question 10

Catholicism was predisposed to accommodate elements of the pagan traditions of the Americas.

Question 11

The typical Yoruba household consists of a man, his wife, and their unmarried children.

Question 12

The pattern of inefficient, localized production and marketing characteristic of haciendas is still present in Latin America today.

Question 13

The African National Congress was formed to support policies of apartheid in South Africa.

Question 14

Guatemala and Honduras were colonized by the Portuguese.

Question 15

Historians have estimated that 40 million Africans were captured for the purposes of slavery between 1440 and 1870.

Question 16

Boer settlers had their most intense conflicts with indigenous Zulu.

Question 17

By the mid-1990s, Mexico was producing more petroleum than any other nation on earth.

Question 18

Fazenda and hacienda both refer to large-scale farms established during the Colonial period in Latin America.

Question 19

In the late 19th century, the government of Belgium established a brutal colony in the Congo.

Question 20

All of the West African countries had gained their independence from European governments by 1970.

Question 21

The term encomienda referred to the practice of:

A) granting a conquistador the right to Indian land, tribute, and labor
B) presenting Spanish nobility with native crafts and products
C) marrying into the upper classes of Aztec and Inca society
D) awarding 20 percent of all booty to the Spanish Crown

Question 22

An example of religious syncretism would be the:

A) Indian worship of the Virgin Mary at a former shrine to an Aztec goddess
B) spread of Catholicism throughout Latin American countries
C) success of Protestant sects at gaining converts from Catholicism
D) revival of ancient Maya religion by Indians of highland Guatemala

Question 23

One of the strategies used by European colonies to force native villagers to abandon agricultural lands and become wage laborers was:

A) the formation of labor unions
B) collection of taxes in cash
C) their recruitment into the military
D) construction of low-cost housing

Question 24

The Union of South Africa was established in 1910 by the:

A) French
B) Germans
C) Portuguese
D) British

Question 25

Native American civilizations of Mexico and Central and South America were eventually conquered by:
A. English and French
B. Chinese and Japanese
C. Dutch and Germans
D. Spanish and Portuguese

Question 26

Traditional forms of slavery in Africa are open forms of slavery, which means that:

A) slaves could be bought and sold on the open market
B) certain villages were "open" to the taking of slaves
C) slaves were never incorporated into the owner's family
D) slaves were permitted to own property and marry

Question 27

The most significant factor in Latin American demographic change after the arrival of Europeans was a dramatic increase in:

A) fertility
B) mortality
C) employment
D) life expectancy

Question 28

According to Oscar Lewis, a "culture of poverty" results from the lack of economic opportunities in slum neighborhoods.
Multiple Choice Questions

Question 29

East Africa was colonized primarily by the:

A) Spanish and Portuguese
B) French and Dutch
C) British and Germans
D) West Africans

Question 30

The principal source of labor on plantations in the Caribbean was:

A) African slaves
B) Spanish and Portuguese colonists
C) Native American wage labor
D) missionaries and their families

Question 31

Urban West African women tend to be more educated and independent than their rural counterparts.

Question 32

The principal motivation for the conquest of the New World by Europeans was:

A) economic
B) religious
C) strategic
D) scientific

Question 33

The development of economies based on the export of cash crops usually accelerates:

A) production and export of indigenous crafts
B) the rejection of Catholicism by native communities
C) disruption of indigenous production and exchange systems
D) the growth of markets for local goods and products

Question 34

As a general rule, the haciendas were:

A) beneficial to Indian health and well-being
B) an efficient form of social welfare
C) highly productive economic units
D) responsible for widening the gap between rich and poor

Question 35

The Spanish were able to achieve political domination of Mexico by:

A) capturing Tenochtitlán
B) establishing a trade route to the Pacific
C) conquering the Inca empire
D) converting the Indians to Christianity

Question 36

The principal effect of the hacienda system in Latin America was the institution of:

A) military authority
B) capitalistic authority
C) feudalistic authority
D) religious authority

Question 37

The most serious health problem faced by indigenous populations of the New World in the 16th century was:

A) infectious disease
B) malnutrition
C) alcoholism
D) mental illness

Question 38

Women in rural Africa tend to be the poorest people on the world's poorest continent.

Question 39

The Bantustan homelands in South Africa were created to:

A) return traditional lands to black tribes
B) increase the physical separation of blacks and whites
C) lay the foundations for independent African republics
D) exploit rich mineral deposits and construct factories

Question 40

Haciendas in the Spanish colonies and fazendas in Brazil were:

A) large-scale plantations
B) prison camps
C) mining towns
D) military bases

Question 41

As a result of problems with debt repayment, the International Monetary fund required the Mexican government to cut back on:

A) social services
B) manufacturing
C) military spending
D) petroleum exports

Question 42

The so-called "culture of poverty" does not exist where poor people:

A) see no end to their marginal economic existence
B) are provided with real opportunities for social mobility
C) work primarily as seasonal, migrant laborers
D) receive support, such as welfare, from a central government

Question 43

Ethnologist Oscar Lewis undertook a cross-cultural study of poverty by studying slum dwellers in:

A) Mexico and Puerto Rico
B) Nigeria and Pakistan
C) Peru and Thailand
D) China and Afghanistan

Question 44

In open peasant communities, crops are raised primarily for:

A) local subsistence
B) outside markets
C) barter with other peasant communities
D) feeding livestock

Question 45

Most anthropologists now agree that:

A) the historical experience of Africa was similar to that of Latin America
B) the general term "peasants" does not apply to peoples in African agricultural states
C) political diversity was much greater in Latin America than in Africa
D) the political economy of sub-Saharan Africa is largely homogeneous

Question 46

The term mestizo refers to an individual of mixed descent.

A) Spanish and Portuguese
B) African and European
C) Indian and European
D) Protestant and Catholic Essay Questions

Question 47

The principal characteristics of the "culture of poverty," according to Oscar Lewis, are:

A) malnutrition, high fertility, and poor sanitation
B) absence of fathers and older siblings
C) poor access to electricity and running water
D) fatalism, apathy, and hopelessness

Question 48

Although both Mexico and Venezuela are oil-producing nations, the standard of living in each of these countries is still well below that of the U.S. or most European countries for most of the population. What do you see as the most important factors responsible for these differences?

Question 49

What were the effects of the slave trade on African society with respect to mercantilism, warfare, social organization, demography, and technology? How might African societies have been different if the slave trade had never existed?

Question 50

The compadrazgo system in Latin America is based on the establishment of kinship ties by becoming someone's:

A) in-law
B) spouse
C) godparent
D) fictive sibling

Question 51

Choosing three of the European countries that were directly involved in the colonization of the African continent, compare and contrast the colonial "styles" of each. For each, give an example of one modern country that is a former colony.

Question 52

An example of a dyadic contract would be the relationship between:

A) a parent and a godparent
B) a patriarch and his extended family
C) a woman and her nuclear family
D) an individual and his cousins

Question 53

The term maquiladoras is used to refer to:

A) illegal Mexican aliens working in the U.S.
B) armed guerrillas operating in the Mexican countryside
C) factories in Mexico owned and run by multinational corporations
D) underage Mexican prostitutes

Question 54

What is the status of women in African societies? What are some of the differences in women's roles within urban and rural settings?

Question 55

A "closed peasant community" is one in which peasants produce agricultural goods primarily for:

A) local subsistence
B) foreign export
C) national markets
D) local industries

Question 56

The concepts of rising expectations and relative deprivation are most useful in explaining in Latin America.

A) revolutionary movements
B) the elimination of formal social categories
C) processes of religious syncretization
D) the growth of haciendas

Question 57

Using specific examples from Latin America, compare and contrast one peripheral and one semiperipheral society. What are the specific characteristics that distinguish these societies from one another? What changes would be required to make the peripheral society a semiperipheral one?

Question 58

African women in urban regions are rural women to receive a formal education.

A) more likely than
B) less likely than
C) as likely as
D) paid by

Question 59

Under apartheid in South Africa, the term "coloreds" referred to individuals of mixed descent.

A) Spanish and Portuguese
B) African and European
C) Bantu and Zulu
D) Protestant and Catholic

Question 60

Two examples of societies that were once considered "peripheral" but are now "semiperipheral" are:

A) Papua New Guinea and Bolivia
B) Honduras and Colombia
C) Mexico and Nigeria
D) Nicaragua and Paraguay

Question 61

What are some of the ways in which agricultural production administrated by the United Fruit Company in Latin America resembled the hacienda system? What are some of the ways in which it differed?

Question 62

What is meant by the term dyadic contract? Give some examples of the kinds of dyadic contracts that exist in Latin American culture. Have you ever had experience with a dyadic contract? Describe either your personal experience or an example of a dyadic contract in your own culture.

Question 63

What were the effects of colonialism on the politics of African nations? What are some of the characteristics of African nations today that can be traced directly to the colonial experience?