Deck 8: Friends and Peers

Question 1

Based on research, it is likely that his friends

A) also work hard at school.
B) spend little time studying.
C) think he works too hard.
D) come to him for help.

Answer 1

A
also work hard at school

Question 2

reason that adolescents report they generally feel happier when they are with their friends is that they

A) feel more "open" and accepted with friends than with parents.
B) are able to "get away" with things their parents would not allow.
C) spend less time with friends than with parents.
D) none of the above.

Answer 2

A
feel more "open" and accepted with friends than with parents

Question 3

traditional cultures, adolescents tend to rate __________ higher than __________ as the source of companionship and enjoyment.

A) friends; family members
B) family members; friends
C) peers; friends
D) friends; peers

Answer 3

B
family members; friends

Question 4

Based on research, it could be predicted that Niles is most likely to seek advice from his

A) father.
B) best friend.
C) girlfriend.
D) employer.

Question 5

are probably

A) not friends.
B) friends.
C) not adolescents.
D) ostracized.

Question 6

Being friends is a ___________________ relationship than being peers.

A) more common
B) more casual
C) deeper
D) shorter

Question 7

Close friendship in adolescence promotes development of

A) perspective taking.
B) a healthy identity.
C) empathy.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following represents a way that parents influence their adolescent children's peer relationships?

A) Location of the family home
B) Choice of school
C) Religious practices
D) All of these answers are correct

Question 9

According to the text, one challenge faced by nearly all adolescents in Western societies is

A) learning to navigate school-based peer cultures and hierarchies.
B) coping with the pressures of early marriage and child-rearing.
C) trying to succeed at school while caring for elderly parents.
D) entering the workforce prior to completing school.

Question 10

Based on research, we could predict that Consuelo is likely to

A) have difficulty making friends outside the family.
B) develop strong attachments to friends.
C) be from a traditional culture.
D) have considerable conflict with siblings.

Question 11

a study by Youniss and Smollar (1985), approximately _______ of adolescents reported having at least one close friend.

A) 33%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 12

Derek told his mother, "Tell him I'm not here, I don't want to talk to him." This conflict is most likely

A) a regular part of adolescent social life.
B) a symptom of poor parenting.
C) indicative of a behavior disorder.
D) unusual in male friendships.

Question 13

Typically, what happens to the level of warmth and closeness between parents and their children during adolescence?

A) It increases.
B) It decreases.
C) It stays the same.
D) It disappears.

Question 14

Around age 10, a developing capacity for perspective taking allows children to form friendships in which they

A) care about their friends as individuals.
B) serve as playmates to each other.
C) compete with each other in school and sports.
D) compare themselves to their friends.

Question 15

Larson and Richards (1998) call what time the "emotional high point of the week" for adolescents?

A) Monday mornings
B) Weekend mornings.
C) Thursday nights
D) Friday and Saturday nights

Question 16

emphasis on intimacy in adolescent friendships is best reflected in which of the following statements? More than younger children, adolescents

A) rate trust and loyalty as important to friendship.
B) describe their friendships in terms of doing things together.
C) like to hang out in groups.
D) none of the above.

Question 17

According to research, who do 15-year-olds indicate is their primary source of emotional support?

A) Parents
B) Parents and friends equally
C) Romantic partners
D) Same-gender friends

Question 18

Which of the following scholars first developed ideas on the importance of intimacy in adolescent relationships?

A) Reed Larson
B) Harry Sullivan
C) David Kinney
D) Helena Wulf

Question 19

Friendships are particularly important during adolescence because it is a time of life when young people

A) extend their relationships outside the immediate family.
B) are more likely to experience social isolation.
C) are more at risk for being unpopular with peers.
D) spend more and more time with their parents.

Question 20

According to research, who are 16-year-olds most likely to depend upon for companionship and intimacy?

A) Parents
B) Friends
C) Siblings
D) Teachers

Question 21

could say that he probably misses the ____________ support that Rajesh and he share.

A) informational
B) instrumental
C) companionship
D) esteem

Question 22

are offering each other _______________ support.

A) informational
B) instrumental
C) companionship
D) esteem

Question 23

can we conclude from this?

A) Friends' risk behavior directly affects one's own risk behavior.
B) One's own risk behavior causes risk behavior in his or her friends.
C) One's own participation in risk behavior is influenced by his or her friends.
D) Adolescents' risk behaviors are associated with their friends' risk behaviors.

Question 24

Which of the following has been shown by research to be an area in which adolescents are influenced by their friends?

A) Encouragement of risk behaviors
B) Discouragement of risk behaviors
C) Encouragement of positive behaviors
D) All of these answers are correct

Question 25

terms of friendships, ethnic boundaries may become sharper during adolescence due to

A) the developing capacity for perspective taking.
B) ethnic stereotypes and prejudices.
C) similarities in socioeconomic status.
D) traditional parenting.

Question 26

don't need a scholarship to tell you that!" Mike is offering Ryan _________________ support.

A) informational
B) instrumental
C) companionship
D) esteem

Question 27

her mother finds out, Savannah defends herself by saying, "All my friends smoke pot too." Which of the following is most likely true?

A) This is a typical perception of exaggerated similarity between self and friends.
B) Savannah was a teenager during the 1960s.
C) This is an atypical belief that her behavior influences her friends.
D) Savannah and her mother live in a postfigurative culture.

Question 28

principle that most people tend to choose friends who are similar to themselves is called

A) peer group affiliation.
B) instrumental support.
C) correlation-causation.
D) selective association.

Question 29

saying "birds of a feather flock together" best reflects

A) informational support.
B) prefigurative cultures.
C) correlational research.
D) selective association.

Question 30

According to your text, which of the following is a more accurate term for peer pressure?

A) Risk influence
B) Peer effectiveness
C) Friends' influence
D) Adolescent egocentrism

Question 31

Friendships in emerging adulthood often include information, instrumental, companionship and

A) intellectual support
B) emotional support.
C) esteem support.
D) cognitive support.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT outlined in your text as a type of support provided by adolescent friendship relationships?

A) Esteem
B) Instrumental
C) Companionship
D) Compassionate

Question 33

Based on research, it could be predicted that eventually they will

A) remain friends.
B) grow apart.
C) switch roles.
D) grow out of it.

Question 34

term refers to a small social group of friends who know each other well and often do things together?

A) Crowd
B) Clique
C) Argot
D) Peers

Question 35

According to research, in emerging adulthood, the importance of ____________ tend to decline as romantic relationships _________________.

A) sexual relationships; develop
B) cliques; decline
C) family relationships; decline.
D) friendships; develop

Question 36

Based on research, most likely Joie and John are likely in the

A) earlier stages of emerging adulthood.
B) later stages of emerging adulthood.
C) earlier stages of adolescence.
D) later stages of adolescence.

Question 37

According to your text, it is most likely that they

A) see a lot of each other outside of school.
B) do not see a lot of each other outside of school.
C) are typical male adolescents.
D) are atypical male adolescents.

Question 38

most people, friends' influence is strongest during

A) late childhood.
B) early adolescence.
C) middle adolescence.
D) emerging adulthood.

Question 39

Which of the following is the most accurate description of their relationship? John and Kim are

A) friends.
B) peers.
C) clique-mates.
D) dweebs.

Question 40

Harry Stack Sullivan (1953) tended to emphasize the _________________ aspects of adolescents' friendships.

A) positive
B) negative
C) intimate
D) instrumental

Question 41

Which of the following best represents the function of crowds? Crowds

A) help adolescents define their identities.
B) assist teachers in ranking students academically.
C) take the place of childhood friendships.
D) replace family as the prime source of support.

Question 42

some traditional cultures, the dormitory is the place where adolescents

A) sleep, relax, and perhaps experiment sexually.
B) attend classes and perform housekeeping duties.
C) are excluded until emerging adulthood.
D) perform military service.

Question 43

schools with diverse, multiethnic populations, adolescents in the majority ethnic group tend to perceive ________ crowd distinctions in minority ethnic groups other than in their own.

A) more
B) fewer
C) similar
D) no

Question 44

Which of the following is the most likely description?

A) Nerds and headbangers
B) Trendies and dweebs
C) Normals and jocks
D) Normals and nerds

Question 45

Which of the following factors is related to popularity across the life span?

A) Physical attractiveness
B) Intelligence
C) Social skills
D) All of the these answers are correct

Question 46

According to the text, crowd formation is salient during adolescence mostly because of adolescents'

A) understanding of ethnic diversity.
B) differing rates of physical development.
C) ability to think in abstract terms.
D) capacity for emotional understanding.

Question 47

Which of the following has been shown by research to be MOST connected with someone being viewed as a "nerd"?

A) High academic achievement
B) Lack of social skills
C) High intellectual ability
D) Lack of wealth

Question 48

criticism of Dunphy's (1963) model of adolescent relationships is that it

A) may not reflect relationships outside of adolescents' nuclear families.
B) is based on research conducted only in traditional cultures.
C) deals only with male, and not female, adolescents.
D) may not apply to adolescents today.

Question 49

mid- to late-adolescence, crowd structure becomes

A) less hierarchical and more influential.
B) more hierarchical and less influential.
C) less hierarchical and less influential.
D) more hierarchical and more influential.

Question 50

Generally, during early adolescence, most of a person's social life takes place in

A) mixed-sex cliques.
B) opposite-sex pairs.
C) same-sex cliques.
D) same-sex pairs.

Question 51

Social categories such as "nerds," "normals" and "burnouts" represent

A) cliques.
B) crowds.
C) friends.
D) ethnicity.

Question 52

likely they belong to the same

A) crowd.
B) clique.
C) friendship group.
D) peer group.

Question 53

likely, Danyon may believe that he is

A) too unique to be labeled as any one thing.
B) not as good at sports as his friends.
C) being ostracized from the group.
D) none of the above.

Question 54

traditional cultures, the adolescent peer crowd is __________ than in Western cultures.

A) more age-graded
B) more affluent
C) less age-graded
D) less affluent

Question 55

Adolescents' use of antagonistic interactions such as sarcasm and ridicule are related to

A) the increased capacity for complex thinking.
B) disputes between friends.
C) developmental trajectory of inter-crowd competition.
D) decreases in family interaction.

Question 56

Which of the following researcher characteristics would be most useful for conducting successful participant observation amongst adolescents?

A) Youthful appearance
B) An air of authority
C) Sneakiness
D) Ability to lie

Question 57

the following scholars, who is known for researching adolescent crowds via participant observation?

A) David Kinney
B) Albert Bandura
C) Dexter Dunphy
D) Harry Sullivan

Question 58

Within cliques, the use of sarcasm and ridicule may

A) cause adolescent rebellion.
B) reinforce group conformity.
C) widen group membership.
D) reduce group conflict.

Question 59

early- to mid-adolescence, crowd structure becomes

A) less differentiated and less influential.
B) more differentiated and less influential.
C) less differentiated and more influential.
D) more differentiated and more influential.

Question 60

According to Erikson, adolescents' use of sarcasm and ridicule may serve to

A) reduce anxiety caused by identity confusion.
B) facilitate heterosexual attraction and pairing.
C) define adolescents' place within adult society.
D) increase parental control.

Question 61

Traditional cultures are likely to have fewer gender differences in terms of adolescents' relationships to peers and family.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the style of youth culture described in the text?

A) Image
B) Demeanor
C) Argot
D) Skills

Question 63

Which of the following is the term for a society that condones a high degree of variability among individuals and groups?

A) Pluralistic
B) Dualistic
C) Postfigurative
D) Prefigurative

Question 64

Youth culture is generally believed to have arisen in the West during the

A) 1890s.
B) 1920s.
C) 1950s.
D) 1960s.

Question 65

Which of the following is most likely? Samantha is a(n) ___________ adolescent.

A) neglected
B) rejected
C) controversial
D) alternative

Question 66

one social intervention, adolescents are taught a six-step sequence for

A) anger management.
B) assertiveness training.
C) participant observation.
D) emotional suppression.

Question 67

Besides being a source of emotional support and enjoyment, adolescents' friendships are also a source of worry.

Question 68

most likely lives in a(n) _____________ culture.

A) postfigurative
B) prefigurative
C) cofigurative
D) alternative

Question 69

Which of the following is most likely the case? Huxley is a(n) ___________ adolescent.

A) neglected
B) rejected
C) controversial
D) alternative

Question 70

Adolescents tend to choose friends who are peers.

Question 71

tend to have more intimate friendships than girls.

Question 72

Adolescents rate trust and loyalty as more important to friendship than younger children do.

Question 73

globalization proceeds, traditional cultures are likely to move from ____________ status.

A) postfigurative to prefigurative
B) postfigurative to cofigurative
C) cofigurative to postfigurative
D) prefigurative to postfigurative

Question 74

Reggie says, "Jimi is totally groovy, man." Reggie's phrase is an example of

A) image.
B) demeanor.
C) argot.
D) posture.

Question 75

Which of the following situations best reflects the meaning of prefigurative culture?

A) Grandma teaches young Jane to plant a garden.
B) Young Jane and her mother take a creative writing class together.
C) Young Jane teaches her mother how to use the Internet.
D) Young Jane asks her classmate how to use a graphics program.

Question 76

interventions designed to help unpopular adolescents focus on developing ____________ skills.

A) academic
B) parenting
C) social
D) emotional

Question 77

Which of the following is most likely the case? Margalit is a(n) __________ adolescent.

A) neglected
B) rejected
C) controversial
D) alternative

Question 78

study of youth culture has a long history in the field of

A) psychology.
B) sociology.
C) community health.
D) education.

Question 79

reason that popular children tend to become popular adolescents is that they are

A) reinforced in their popularity on an ongoing basis.
B) given more independence by their parents.
C) not likely to suffer from anxiety disorders.
D) less reliant on physical appearance for confidence.

Question 80

study of neglected college students found that they were

A) less perceptive of non-verbal cues.
B) more sensitive to others' insults.
C) indifferent to others' feelings.
D) acutely aware of their appearance.