Question 1

Which is the most influential source of self-efficacy?&#10;A) Mastery&#10;B) Affective states&#10;C) Verbal persuasion&#10;D) Vicarious experience

Accepted Answer

Mastery experiences are the most influential source of self-efficacy. This refers to the individual's experiences with succeeding in tasks or activities. When individuals have repeated success in a particular area, they tend to feel more confident and have higher self-efficacy in that area.

Question 2

Which statement by the patient reflects an outcome expectancy?&#10;A) I am not able to exercise.&#10;B) Exercise helps people lose weight.&#10;C) Exercise is too hard on my arthritis.&#10;D) Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight.

Accepted Answer

Outcome expectancies are beliefs about the expected outcomes or consequences of a behavior. The statement "Exercise helps people lose weight" reflects an outcome expectancy because it reflects the patient's belief about the outcome of exercise. The other statements reflect barriers or preferences and are not outcome expectancies.

Question 3

Chronic illness accounts for well over half (63%)of all deaths globally.Which chronic illness accounts for the highest proportion of those deaths in Canada?&#10;A) Cancer&#10;B) Diabetes&#10;C) Cardiovascular disease&#10;D) Chronic respiratory disease

Accepted Answer

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, cardiovascular disease accounts for the highest proportion of deaths due to chronic illness in Canada, followed by cancer and chronic respiratory disease. Diabetes is also a significant chronic illness in Canada, but it accounts for a lower proportion of deaths compared to the other three mentioned.

Question 4

Which factor has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?&#10;A) Poverty&#10;B) Social stability&#10;C) Urban dwelling&#10;D) High school diploma

Accepted Answer

Poverty has a significant impact on the development of chronic illness due to the lack of access to healthcare, healthy food, and living conditions which can lead to stress, malnutrition, and exposure to environmental hazards. Social stability and urban dwelling may also play a role, but poverty is a more significant factor. Having a high school diploma may contribute to better health outcomes, but it is not as significant as poverty in the development of chronic illness.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of an environment contextual factor according to the World Health Organizations' ICF Bio-Psycho-Social Model?&#10;A) Social background&#10;B) Behaviour pattern&#10;C) Social attitudes&#10;D) Coping style

Accepted Answer

Social attitudes are considered an environmental contextual factor according to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Bio-Psycho-Social Model. This model categorizes factors affecting health into three main areas: body functions and structure, activity and participation, and contextual factors, which are further divided into personal and environmental factors. Social attitudes fall under environmental factors as they are external to the individual and can significantly impact one's functioning and disability.

Question 6

Which patient history indicates multimorbidity?&#10;A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a urinary tract infection&#10;B) Chronic kidney disease requiring an appendectomy&#10;C) Lung cancer and pneumonia&#10;D) Diabetes with exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis

Accepted Answer

Multimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic conditions in a patient. Option D indicates the coexistence of diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, which qualifies as multimorbidity. Option A only mentions two unrelated conditions, and option B implies a single chronic condition with an unrelated acute illness. Option C involves two conditions, but both are related to the respiratory system.

Question 7

Which of the following has been identified by patients with chronic illness as something they want from the health care system?&#10;A) Less information&#10;B) Less travel and wait times&#10;C) Ways to adjust to disease consequences&#10;D) Limited information on ways to cope with symptoms

Accepted Answer

Patients with chronic illness want ways to adjust to disease consequences.

Question 8

Which characteristic reflects a nonmodifiable risk factor for chronic illness?&#10;A) The risk factor cannot be changed.&#10;B) The risk factor requires intervention in order to change.&#10;C) The risk factor can be altered to benefit health outcomes.&#10;D) The risk factor can be changed with patient perseverance.

Accepted Answer

Nonmodifiable risk factors are those that cannot be changed or altered to benefit health outcomes, such as genetics or age.

Question 9

Which illness trajectory phase has,as its goal of management,&#34;Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme&#34;?&#10;A) Pretrajectory&#10;B) Trajectory onset&#10;C) Comeback&#10;D) Downward

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which illness trajectory phase has,as its goal...

Question 10

For which type of cancer does evidence exist to support a genetic predisposition to occurrence?&#10;A) Lung&#10;B) Breast&#10;C) Cervical&#10;D) Testicular

Accepted Answer

Evidence exists to support a genetic predisposition to breast cancer, including mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. There is some evidence for genetic predisposition to other cancers as well, such as colorectal and ovarian cancers, but the strongest evidence is for breast cancer.

Question 11

Which of the following reflects a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as &#34;challenge&#34;?&#10;A) Confidence to appraise a health stressor&#10;B) Ability to modify responses to health stressors&#10;C) Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth&#10;D) Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following reflects a characteristic...

Question 12

Life expectancy in Canada is estimated to be approximately how many years?&#10;A) 60&#10;B) 70&#10;C) 80&#10;D) 90

Accepted Answer

The answer of Life expectancy in Canada is estimated to...

Question 13

Viewing disability as directly caused by disease or trauma reflects which model perspective?&#10;A) Social&#10;B) Nursing&#10;C) Medical&#10;D) Collaborative

Accepted Answer

The answer of Viewing disability as directly caused by disease...

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of effective communication in the domain of respect?&#10;A) Politeness&#10;B) Sincerity&#10;C) Listening&#10;D) Coaching

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic illness?&#10;A) Abrupt onset&#10;B) Usually single cause&#10;C) Cure usually likely&#10;D) Uncertainty pervasive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a characteristic...

Deck 5: Chronic Illness