Deck 13: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which gland secretes the hormone melatonin?

A) adrenal
B) pineal
C) pituitary
D) thymus

Answer 1

pineal

Question 2

Which hormone works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues?

A) calcitonin
B) melanotropin
C) parathyroid
D) thyroxine

Answer 2

calcitonin

Question 3

A pheochromocytoma is a benign tumor of the ____ that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine.

A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
C) pineal gland
D) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 3

adrenal medulla

Question 4

Which hormone is produced by the pituitary gland?

A) adrenocorticotropic hormone
B) calcitonin
C) cortisol
D) epinephrine

Question 5

Which hormones influence some sex-related characteristics?

A) androgens
B) corticosteroids
C) growth hormone
D) norepinephrine

Question 6

What term describes substances that are normally found in the blood,such as sodium and potassium?

A) corticosteroids
B) electrolytes
C) hormones
D) steroids

Question 7

Which substance is administered to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant?

A) anabolic steroids
B) cortisone
C) cortisol
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 8

The ____ gland is located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity.

A) pineal
B) pituitary
C) thymus
D) thyroid

Question 9

The ____ hormone regulates the growth of bone,muscle,and other body tissues.

A) androgen
B) growth
C) testosterone
D) thyrocalcitonin

Question 10

Which hormone stimulates the development of the secondary male sex characteristics?

A) estrogen
B) human chorionic gonadotropin
C) progesterone
D) testosterone

Question 11

The ____ hormone increases pigmentation of the skin.

A) melanocyte-stimulating
B) prolactin
C) somatotropin
D) thyrotropin

Question 12

The condition ____ causes arrested physical and mental development,and is caused by a congenital lack of thyroid secretion.

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) gigantism
D) myxedema

Question 13

____,also known as adult hypothyroidism,is caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion.

A) Cretinism
B) Graves' disease
C) Myxedema
D) Tetany

Question 14

Which condition is not a diabetic complication?

A) aldosteronism
B) heart disease
C) kidney disease
D) peripheral neuropathy

Question 15

____,which is an autoimmune disorder caused by hyperthyroidism,is characterized by goiter and exophthalmos.

A) Addison's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Graves' disease
D) Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 16

The autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells is known as ____.

A) diabetes insipidus
B) gestational diabetes
C) type 1 diabetes mellitus
D) type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 17

The thymus secretes the hormone ____,which plays an important role in the immune system.

A) thymosin
B) thyrocalcitonin
C) thyroxine
D) triiodothyronine

Question 18

Which hormone stimulates the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage?

A) calcitonin
B) glucagon
C) insulin
D) thymosin

Question 19

Which condition is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol?

A) Addison's disease
B) Conn's syndrome
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Graves' disease

Question 20

The ____ hormone stimulates ovulation in the female.

A) estrogen
B) follicle-stimulating
C) lactogenic
D) luteinizing

Question 21

____________________ syndrome is a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone.

Question 22

Skin pigmentation is increased by the ____________________ -stimulating hormone.

Question 23

A pituitary ____________________ is a slow-growing,benign tumor of the pituitary gland.

Question 24

Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty is known as ____________________.

Question 25

A minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands is known as a laparoscopic ____________________.

Question 26

The thyroid-stimulating hormone is secreted by the ____.

A) anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
B) parathyroid glands
C) pineal gland
D) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 27

In response to low blood sugar,the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete ____________________.

Question 28

____________________,which is secreted by the adrenal medulla,stimulates the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 29

____________________ is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that produces a swelling in the front of the neck.

Question 30

The ____________________ hormone works with calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

Question 31

Some cases of Graves' disease are treated with a chemical ____________________ to destroy tissue of the thyroid gland.

Question 32

The primary function of the parathyroid glands is to regulate ____________________ levels throughout the body.

Question 33

Hypoparathyroidism is usually accompanied by hypocalcemia and in severe cases leads to ____.

A) acromegaly
B) aldosteronism
C) exophthalmos
D) tetany

Question 34

Which term describes the excessive hunger associated with diabetes insipidus?

A) dysuria
B) polydipsia
C) polyphagia
D) polyuria

Question 35

A/An ____ is a relatively rare life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism.

A) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
B) hyperthyroidism
C) thyroid storm
D) thyrotoxicosis

Question 36

Hormones that control the functions of other endocrine glands are secreted by the ____.

A) adrenal glands
B) pineal gland
C) pituitary gland
D) thymus gland

Question 37

A/An ____________________ is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands.

Question 38

____________________,also known as adrenaline,stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli.

Question 39

____________________ has symptoms that include fatigue,depression,sensitivity to cold,and a decreased metabolic rate.

Question 40

The ____________________ hormone,which is secreted by the pituitary gland,stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth.

Question 41

An inflammation of the adrenal glands is known as ____________________.

Question 42

Estrogen is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Question 43

The term ____________________ is used to describe any disorder of pituitary function.

Question 44

Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood.

Question 45

The lactogenic hormone stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk after childbirth.

Question 46

Some of the serious side effects of anabolic steroid use include liver damage,altered body chemistry,plus unpredictable mood swings and violence.

Question 47

The condition of first being capable of reproducing sexually is known as ____________________.

Question 48

Each of the four ____________________ glands is about the size of a grain of rice.

Question 49

The form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies is known as ____________________ diabetes mellitus.

Question 50

A prolactinoma is a malignant tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce insufficient amounts of prolactin.

Question 51

Gynecomastia is the condition of excessive mammary development in the male.

Question 52

____________________ is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

Question 53

The function of estrogen is to complete the preparations for pregnancy.

Question 54

Oxytocin prevents premature childbirth.

Question 55

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hypoglycemia.

Question 56

A/An ____________________ is a reproductive cell.

Question 57

A/An ____________________ is a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin.

Question 58

The surgical removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland is known as a/an ____________________.

Question 59

Conn's syndrome occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.

Question 60

The term ____________________ means having the nature,properties,or qualities of an adult male.

Question 61

Neurohormones are secreted by specialized cells of the brain.

Question 62

Match each statement with the correct term.
pancreatic islets

A)control glucose metabolism
B)regulate calcium levels
C)influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
D)regulate electrolyte levels
E)active in immune reaction

Question 63

Melatonin regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates,fats,and proteins in the body.

Question 64

Exophthalmos is the abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit.

Question 65

Osteitis fibrosa is a complication of hyperparathyroidism in which bone becomes softened and deformed and may develop cysts.

Question 66

Cretinism is due to a congenital lack of thyroid secretion.

Question 67

Thyroid hormones regulate the rate of metabolism.

Question 68

Match each statement with the correct term.
thymus

A)control glucose metabolism
B)regulate calcium levels
C)influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
D)regulate electrolyte levels
E)active in immune reaction

Question 69

Thymosin stimulates the secretions of the thymus.

Question 70

Match each statement with the correct term.
adrenals

A)control glucose metabolism
B)regulate calcium levels
C)influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
D)regulate electrolyte levels
E)active in immune reaction

Question 71

Diabetes insipidus is caused by the failure of the cells to respond to insulin.

Question 72

Progesterone completes the preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy.

Question 73

Hypocrinism is a condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland,especially an endocrine gland.

Question 74

Match each statement with the correct term.
pineal

A)control glucose metabolism
B)regulate calcium levels
C)influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
D)regulate electrolyte levels
E)active in immune reaction

Question 75

Match each statement with the correct term.
parathyroids

A)control glucose metabolism
B)regulate calcium levels
C)influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
D)regulate electrolyte levels
E)active in immune reaction

Question 76

Norepinephrine stimulates the autonomic nervous system.

Question 77

The antidiuretic hormone maintains the water balance within the body by limiting the reabsorption of water through the kidneys.

Question 78

The thymus stimulates metabolism,growth,and activity of the nervous system.

Question 79

The adrenal glands help regulate metabolism and interact with the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress.

Question 80

Thyroid secretions influence growth and the functioning of the nervous system.