Deck 3: Organizational Context: Design and Culture

Question 1

One network approach is to require internal units of a firm to interact at market prices - buy and sell to each other at prices equal to those that can be obtained by outsourcing partners.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The modern approach to organization theory and design consists of very flexible networks,and recognizes the interaction of information technology and people.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Horizontal,hollow and modular organization designs are sometimes subsumed under the single term "Network Designs."

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In a learning organization,managers learn how to encourage their people to redirect their energies toward the substance of disagreements rather than toward personality clashes or political infighting.

Question 5

The first major development in organization theory was to view the organization as a system made up of independent parts.

Question 6

The organizational ecology approach to organization theory suggests that organizations change as a process of 'survival of the fittest.'

Question 7

In network redesign,established companies return to a previously successful design by eliminating unproductive structural additions and modifications.

Question 8

In horizontal organizations,the primary driver and measure of performance is customer satisfaction,not profits or stock appreciation.

Question 9

Creativity includes the willingness to accept personality clashes.

Question 10

Managers at a learning organization encourage risk-taking,creative behavior by providing a challenging environment.

Question 11

Empathy is reflected by the genuine concern for and the interest in employee suggestions and innovations that can be operationalized through a feedback systems.

Question 12

Creative tension stems from the gap between the organizations' continually upwardly upgraded vision and the reality and suggests the learning organization's continually questioning and challenging the status quo.

Question 13

When parts of the product or service are outsourced,it's called the "Hollow Organization" design.

Question 14

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In a learning organization,the vision is provided by the top management.

Question 15

The word virtual as used in virtual organizations comes from the popular 'virtual reality.'

Question 16

The contingency approach challenges the organizational ecology theory.

Question 17

Taken at a more individual employee,organizational behavior level,employees would react to environmental changes in a standard,routine response in the adaptive organization,often resulting in short-run solutions.

Question 18

Greenfield redesign means breaking completely from the classical structure and establishing a totally different design.

Question 19

Double-loop learning involves changing the organization's culture.

Question 20

Under single-loop,the organization is learning with significant changes in its basic assumptions.

Question 21

Which among the following is an ability which is most widely acknowledged as a requisite skill and ability in a generative learning organization?

A) Communication
B) Leadership
C) Decision making
D) Creativity

Question 22

) Learning organizations use collaborative learning and the integration of diverse viewpoints of personnel throughout the organization for which of the following?

A) Determination of overall direction
B) Formulation and implementation of ideas
C) Conflict resolution
D) Leadership and motivation

Question 23

_____ learning is associated with routine and behavioral learning.

A) Second-order
B) Dentero
C) Double-loop
D) Single-loop

Question 24

Double-loop learning:

A) involves changing the organization's culture.
B) is associated with routine and behavioral learning.
C) involves improving the organization's capacity to achieve known objectives.
D) is learning without significant change in the organization's basic assumptions.

Question 25

Information processing and organizational theory approaches to organizations are largely based on the _____ theory.

A) situational
B) systems
C) trait
D) behavioral

Question 26

Which of the following challenges the contingency approach which suggests that organizations change through internal transformation and adaptation?

A) Behavioral approach theory
B) Situational approach theory
C) Organizational ecology theory
D) Trait approach theory

Question 27

Two critical dimensions of creativity,which promote and help unleash creativity,are _____ and a willingness to take risks.

A) personal integrity
B) personal flexibility
C) confidence
D) self-discipline

Question 28

All of these are characteristics of a horizontal organization EXCEPT:

A) that teams are used to manage everything.
B) that customer's drive performance.
C) that supplier and customer contact is maximized.
D) that employees are provided information on a 'need to know basis'.

Question 29

In these organizations,fragmented tasks are combined,and work that fails to add value is eliminated.

A) Network
B) Horizontal
C) Virtual
D) Vertical

Question 30

Organizational climate is an overall "feeling" that is conveyed by the physical layout,the way participants interact,and the way members of the organization conduct themselves with customers or other outsiders.

Question 31

Organizational theorists Miles and Snow identified what they call a "_____ network" involving a unique combination of strategy,structure and management processes.

A) evolved
B) integrated
C) dynamic
D) advanced

Question 32

Which of the following changes are organization's making when implementing programs such as the Six Sigma,total quality management,etc.?

A) Competency
B) Technical
C) Generative
D) Adaptive

Question 33

) The role of the leader in a learning organization constitute all these responsibilities EXCEPT:

A) to prescribe appropriate rewards and punishments.
B) to inspire commitment.
C) to encourage effective decision making.
D) to build a shared vision.

Question 34

Subcultures do not weaken or undermine an organization even when they are in conflict with the dominant culture and/or the overall objectives.

Question 35

Subcultures are typically a result of religions or personal beliefs that are shared by members of a department or a unit.

Question 36

New product development and information technology changes can be welcomed and accommodated with as little disruption and as few problems as possible if the appropriate organization culture is in place.

Question 37

In a horizontal organization,employees are rewarded for _____ skill development rather than specialized expertise.

A) communicative
B) interpersonal
C) multiple
D) organized

Question 38

Pride and pragmatic needs are driving the new form of global alliance,namely,relationship enterprises.

Question 39

The socialization process can help solidify the acceptance of core values and ensure that the culture maintains itself.

Question 40

Which among the following is NOT a contention put forth by Chester Barnard?

A) The human participant's ability to communicate towards a common purpose.
B) The human participant's willingness to serve towards a common purpose.
C) The human participant's willingness to strive towards a common purpose.
D) The human participant's willingness to readily accept change.

Question 41

High product quality,low absenteeism,and high efficiency are examples for which organizational characteristics?

A) Dominant values
B) Philosophy
C) Organizational climate
D) Rules

Question 42

Texas Instruments reverted to some highly formalized,bureaucratic procedures in their product development process.This is an example of:

A) demand redesign.
B) network design.
C) rediscovery redesign.
D) green-field redesign.

Question 43

Partnerships forged through informational networks in a virtual organization are based on electronic contracts to speed the linkups and:

A) keep the lawyers away.
B) maintain professionalism.
C) maintain confidentiality.
D) prevent excessive bandwidth consumption.

Question 44

Buying and selling to each other at prices equal to those that can be obtained by outsourcing partners is called _____.

A) value-addition
B) in-house trading
C) collaboration
D) in-sourcing

Question 45

The first step to helping solidify the acceptance of core values and ensuring that the culture maintains itself within an organization is:

A) placement on the job.
B) job mastery.
C) selection of entry-level personnel.
D) measuring and rewarding performance.

Question 46

To avoid disintegration and attain effective needed focus,the lead virtual organization must have all these characteristics EXCEPT:

A) shared vision.
B) strong brand.
C) high-trust culture.
D) an independent legal corporation.

Question 47

The guidelines on how much work to do,is a part of which of the following characteristics of an organizational culture?

A) Norms
B) Rules
C) Philosophy
D) Organizational climate

Question 48

Firms that are undergoing efforts to disaggregate and partner are employing which type of redesign?

A) Rediscovery redesign.
B) Green-field redesign.
C) Demand redesign.
D) Network design.

Question 49

The key challenge for contemporary organizations is to instill and sustain a corporate-wide culture that encourages _____.

A) similar values and beliefs
B) delegation of tasks
C) knowledge sharing
D) projection of a strong brand image

Question 50

Which of the following is another more all encompassing design besides the network organization?

A) Virtual organization
B) Hollow design
C) Modular design
D) Horizontal organization

Question 51

In the socialization process,"measuring and rewarding performance" is followed by which step?

A) Adherence to important values
B) Job mastery
C) Reinforcing the stories and folklore
D) Selection of entry-level personnel

Question 52

The virtual organization is a company outside a company created to specifically respond to an exceptional market opportunity that is often:

A) unstructured.
B) random.
C) temporary.
D) clustered.

Question 53

When Val joined Brent Marketing Solutions as marketing research executive,he was flooded with work.He also realized that some of this work was beneath his ability.Given that Brent Market Solutions has a very strong culture,which of the following can be a reason for this?

A) To teach Val the importance of time management.
B) To make Val realize the importance of patience.
C) To make Val vulnerable and to cause him to move emotionally closer to his colleagues.
D) To teach Val the importance of hard-work so that he can handle the intense pressure that is an integral part of his job.

Question 54

The systems in which step of the socialization process are comprehensive and consistent,and focus on those aspects of the business that are most crucial to competitive success and to corporate values?

A) Adherence to important values
B) Measuring and rewarding performance
C) Job mastery
D) Placement on the job

Question 55

Which of the following is the final step in the socialization process?

A) Job Mastery
B) Adherence to Important Values
C) Reinforcing the Stories and Folklore
D) Recognition and Promotion

Question 56

Mastery over the individual's job is typically done by extensive and carefully reinforced:

A) mentoring.
B) theories.
C) guest-speaker lectures.
D) field experience.

Question 57

The way members of the organization conduct themselves with customers or other outsiders is one indicator of which of the organizational characteristics?

A) Observed behavior regularities
B) Dominant values
C) Norms
D) Organizational climate

Question 58

Which of the following radical organizational redesign involves breaking completely from the classical structure and establishing a totally different design?

A) Green-field redesign
B) Network design
C) Demand redesign
D) Rediscovery redesign

Question 59

Identify the characteristic of organizational culture where participants interact with another,using common language,terminology,and the rituals related to deference and demeanor.

A) Norms
B) Observed behavior regularities
C) Rules
D) Organizational climate

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a type of radical redesign of organizations identified by Miles?

A) Green-field redesign
B) Demand redesign
C) Rediscovery redesign
D) Network design

Question 61

According to the text,which of the following is regarded as the most powerful ongoing training program in strong-culture firms?

A) Role models
B) On-site training procedures
C) Reward systems
D) Organizational fundamentals

Question 62

Explain the major development in organizational theory after the auspicious historical beginning from Barnard.

Question 63

Define subculture.How are they formed? What are its consequences?

Question 64

How do you describe organizational climate as a characteristic of organizational culture?

Question 65

When the appropriate organization culture is in place,_____ can be welcomed and accommodated with as little disruption and as few problems as possible.

A) diversity
B) continuity
C) authority
D) change

Question 66

How is contingency theory different from the organizational ecology theory?

Question 67

Differentiate between hollow and modular organizational design.

Question 68

List and explain the key attributes of the virtual organization.

Question 69

List the important characteristics of organizational culture.

Question 70

_____ consist(s)of a global network of independent companies that act as a single company with a common mission.

A) Relationship enterprises
B) In-sourcing
C) Commercial lending
D) Outsourcing

Question 71

Explain the different types of learning in organizations from a systems theory perspective.

Question 72

List Pascal's steps of organizational culture socialization in their order of occurrence.

Question 73

Explain the different types of radical redesign of organizations identified by Miles.

Question 74

Relationship enterprises are emerging as a trend over formal merger and acquisitions because of all these factors EXCEPT:

A) legalities.
B) political nationalism.
C) organizational cultural values.
D) financial leverage.

Question 75

How do creative tensions emerge? How are they helpful?

Question 76

The clash between two cultures in a merger and acquisition environment can be focused into all of the following areas EXCEPT:

A) structure.
B) politics.
C) emotions.
D) finances.

Question 77

List and explain the guiding principles that define horizontal organization design developed by Frank Ostroff and Douglas Smith.

Question 78

Identify and explain the major areas where clashes between the two cultures in a merger or acquisition can occur.

Question 79

The industry in which the partners come from and the one in which they now reside are factors that fall under which one of these categories?

A) Politics
B) Finances
C) Structure
D) Emotions

Question 80

Explain the differences between the two types of learning applied to organizations according to Chris Argyris and his colleagues.