Deck 1: Introduction to Organizational Behavior: an Evidence-Based Approach

Question 1

Most of the "new management practices" are essentially a readapted version of existing "old management truths."

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A paradigm establishes only written rules.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Theory X is the natural choice for most organizations in today's environment.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Laboratory studies tend to have better external validity than field studies.

Question 5

Roger,a sales manager for Heust Pvt.Ltd.,is impressed with his new sales executive,Tim.According to Roger,Tim is optimistic,can perform well under pressure,and is very confident about what he does.These qualities can be referred to as "positive psychological capital."

Question 6

The Hawthorne studies were more a result of planned study than a serendipitous discovery.

Question 7

The major challenge and critical competitive advantage for any organization is the human resource of that company.

Question 8

The Hawthorne effect postulates that the increase in productivity can be attributed to the special attention received by the participants.

Question 9

According to meta-analysis,if one study shows that a management technique doesn't work and another study shows that it does,an average of those results is the best estimate of how well that management practice works (or doesn't work).

Question 10

According to Theory X,if employees were kept happy,they would become high performers.

Question 11

Behavioral science is almost as old as the physical and biological sciences.

Question 12

The primary aim of any research design,establishing a cause-and-effect relationship,is accomplished through the experimental design.

Question 13

The fact that today's managers are competent in their functional specialization is sufficient to reiterate that most of them paid close attention to the conceptual and human dimensions of their jobs.

Question 14

The movement to not only recognize,but also do something about the "Knowing-Doing Gap" is the movement towards evidence-based management.

Question 15

The experimental design of research used in organizational behavior is largely borrowed from sociology.

Question 16

Most of the practicing managers and their organizations cultures believe,fully implement,and consistently adhere to a full-fledged HPWPs approach to management.

Question 17

Casey,a relationship manager in a bank creates value for her organization through her networks,connections,and friends.These values can be referred to as "positive psychological capital."

Question 18

The problems with human organizations and the solutions over the ages have undergone drastic changes compared to their emphasis and surrounding environmental context.

Question 19

Reasons for considerable resistance to change and difficulty to move from the old management paradigm to the new can be explained by the "paradigm effect."

Question 20

'Paradigm shift' refers to the situation in which those in the existing paradigm may not even see the changes that are occurring,and therefore,cannot analyze the changes.

Question 21

If practitioners take on a more "Practitioner-Scientific" role and academicians assume a more "Scientific-Practitioner" role,it would result in a movement towards:

A) evidence-based management.
B) relation management.
C) social facilitation.
D) positive psychological capital.

Question 22

James Brian Quinn believes that the organization of enterprise and effective strategies will depend more on development and deployment of _____ resources than on the management of _____ assets.

A) intellectual; physical
B) human; monetary
C) technological; physical
D) natural; monetary

Question 23

Ken is hired as a branch manager of a marketing firm only because of his networks with important personalities and his connections with potential clients.Which of the following can he best provide to the organization?

A) Physical capital
B) Relation capital
C) Social capital
D) Positive psychological capital

Question 24

InvestorPro,an investment consulting firm plans to flatten its traditional hierarchy structure.The intent is to eliminate authoritarian positions in its structure and create new ones that are operationally logical.The top management agrees that none of the employees would be laid-off but only transferred from their positions to the new ones.This plan,when announced to its employees,is not taken well by lower- and middle- level management who did not want the structure to be changed.When asked for a reason,they were not able to put a strong argument.Which of the following best describes this effect?

A) Hawthorne effect
B) Paradigm effect
C) Audience effect
D) External validity

Question 25

Which one of the following changes CANNOT be attributed to the dynamic,technologically advanced work environment?

A) A change in work ethics
B) A change in the traditional employment contract
C) A change in the nature of the work
D) A change in the composition of the workforce

Question 26

Which among the following does NOT signify the term "paradigm?"

A) A framework
B) A way of thinking
C) A scheme for understanding technology
D) A scheme for understanding reality

Question 27

Identify a method that was NOT used by traditional managers to solve management problems and ensure maximum productivity in the past.

A) Devise monetary incentive plans
B) Ensure job security
C) Provide regular paid leave
D) Provide good working conditions

Question 28

David was recently promoted as the chief marketing officer for Izet Pvt.Ltd.David was chosen because of his remarkable marketing skills and his experience as Vice-President for 15 years in a reputed marketing firm.Which of the following can be attributed as a reason for his promotion?

A) Physical capital
B) Human capital
C) Social capital
D) Positive psychological capital

Question 29

The behavioristic approach posits that cognitive processes such as thinking,expectancies,and perception exist and are essential to predict and control or manage behavior.

Question 30

The social cognitive process can be a unifying theoretical framework for both cognition and behaviorism.

Question 31

Pfeffer and Sutton identified five sources that prevented the implementation and sustainability of the high performance work practices.Identify which is NOT one of the sources.

A) Debilitating fear
B) Destructive internal competition
C) Mindless reliance on precedent
D) Poorly designed and complex hierarchy

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an important environmental or contextual dimension for organizational behavior?

A) Leadership
B) Globalization
C) Ethics
D) Diversity

Question 33

Which of the following best explains positive psychological capital?

A) What you know
B) Who you know
C) What you say
D) Who you can become

Question 34

According to Edward Tolman,behavior is reactive,and is directed towards situations.

Question 35

Personality characteristics such as conscientiousness can serve as an example for organizational participants.

Question 36

Human resource of an organization includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) human capital.
B) social capital.
C) positive psychological capital.
D) relations capital.

Question 37

The behavioristic approach has been labeled as being mentalistic,while the cognitive approach has been labeled deterministic.

Question 38

Among the following,identify which is NOT part of high performance work practices?

A) Job security
B) Self-managed teams
C) Pay for performance
D) Multi-source feedback system

Question 39

A manager following which of the following theories would be of the opinion that employees are only interested in money?

A) Social assumptions theory.
B) Theory X.
C) Theory Y.
D) Theory Z.

Question 40

Identify Jeff Pfeffer's "3 Its," correlating it to organizational behavior theory and research.

A) Believe it.
B) Spread it.
C) Do it.
D) Stick with it.

Question 41

Which of the following tends to be more theoretically oriented and at the micro level of analysis?

A) Organizational behavior
B) Organization theory
C) Organization development
D) Human resource management

Question 42

_____ go hand in hand in evidence-based management.

A) Theory and research
B) Theory and meta-analysis
C) Assumption and facts
D) Meta-analysis and research

Question 43

Which among the following aspect of behavioral management was not emphasized by early pioneers of practicing management,such as Alfred P.Sloan?

A) Hierarchical structure
B) Specialization
C) Management functions of planning and controlling
D) Human dimension

Question 44

Increased productivity under controlled conditions can be attributed solely to the fact that the participants in the study are given special attention and that they are enjoying a novel,interesting experience.This can be referred to as:

A) social facilitation.
B) the paradigm effect.
C) groupthink.
D) the Hawthorne effect.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT among the three most often used designs in organizational behavior research today?

A) The questionnaire
B) The case
C) The survey
D) The experiment

Question 46

The relay room studies phase of the Hawthorne studies concluded that:

A) the productivity would increase if the length of workday was reduced.
B) productivity was directly proportional to rest breaks.
C) productivity was independent to the method of payment.
D) the independent variables by themselves were not causing the change in the dependent variable.

Question 47

Organizational behavior researchers strive to attain all of the following hallmarks of any science EXCEPT:

A) prediction.
B) understanding/explanation.
C) control.
D) diversification.

Question 48

According to social learning,behavior can best be explained in terms of a continuous reciprocal interaction among all of the following determinants EXCEPT:

A) cognitive.
B) behavioral.
C) motivational.
D) environmental.

Question 49

Bill is a trainee executive in an accounting firm.He knows that in order to do well in his career,he needs to perform well.He has set internal standards for himself so that he can evaluate the discrepancy between the standard and the performance in order to improve it.According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory,which human capability is Bill concentrating on?

A) Forethought
B) Symbolizing
C) Self-regulatory
D) Self-reflective

Question 50

Which of the following tends to be more application oriented and at the macro level of analysis?

A) Organizational behavior
B) Organization theory
C) Organization development
D) Human resource management

Question 51

The cognitive part of the SCT recognizes the influential contribution of thought processes to all of the following EXCEPT human:

A) motivation.
B) attitudes.
C) action.
D) perceptions.

Question 52

Which of the following tends to be more theoretically oriented and at the macro level of analysis?

A) Organizational behavior
B) Organization theory
C) Organization development
D) Human resource management

Question 53

_____ is based on the idea,"An average of two contradicting management study results is probably the best estimate of how well or not that management technique works."

A) Experimental design
B) Meta-analysis
C) Controlling factors
D) Law of averages

Question 54

The cognitive approach uses concepts all of the following concepts EXCEPT:

A) expectancy.
B) attitude.
C) demand.
D) intention.

Question 55

Which of the following tends to be more application oriented and at the micro level of analysis?

A) Organizational behavior
B) Organization theory
C) Organization development
D) Human resource management

Question 56

The reason for the existence of the many theories in the field of organizational behavior is due to the _____ of the variables involved.

A) objectivity and multidimensionality
B) variance and complexity
C) logicality and unidirectional behavior
D) complexity and multidimensionality

Question 57

Which one of the following variables is NOT responsible for separating the old human relations movement and the evidence-based approach to the field of organizational behavior?

A) Experimental design
B) Nature of employment
C) Group dynamics
D) Styles of leadership and supervision

Question 58

The _____ employed are/is the key to the successful use of the experimental design.

A) variables
B) controls
C) creativity
D) personnel

Question 59

Which of the following involves the manipulation of independent variables to measure their effect on,or the change in,dependent variables,while everything else is held constant or controlled?

A) The survey
B) The case
C) The experiment
D) The questionnaire

Question 60

Applied to the field of organizational behavior,a cognitive approach has traditionally dominated all of the following units of analysis EXCEPT:

A) personality and attitudes.
B) motivation.
C) goal setting.
D) research analysis.

Question 61

Peter is a new marketing research executive in a reputed marketing firm.During the first week of his work,he finds out about the performance of his peers and supervisor and what they receive for it.According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory,which human capability is Peter concentrating on?

A) Forethought
B) Observational
C) Symbolizing
D) Self-reflective

Question 62

Explain the purpose of evidence-based management.

Question 63

Ruth has recently completed her first project as a project manager.She analyses her project to understand how well it went,to perceptually determine how well she can handle projects in the future.According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory,which human capability is Ruth concentrating on?

A) Forethought
B) Symbolizing
C) Self-regulatory
D) Self-reflective

Question 64

Discuss the importance given to employees in organizations over time.

Question 65

When does a study have internal validity? What are its threats? How can they be overcome?

Question 66

Summarize the relationship of organizational behavior to other closely related disciplines.

Question 67

Explain experimental design used in organizational behavior research today.

Question 68

Explain the cognitive approach to organizational behavior.How is it helpful?

Question 69

Define organizational behavior.

Question 70

Describe the basic human capabilities according to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.

Question 71

Define paradigm.What are the recent causes for a paradigm shift? What are its consequences?

Question 72

Travis is a new recruit in an advertising firm.During his first week of work,he plans his actions,anticipates the consequences,and determines the level of desired performance.According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory,which human capability is Travis concentrating on?

A) Forethought
B) Symbolizing
C) Self-regulatory
D) Self-reflective

Question 73

What is the manager's perception of employees according to Theory X? Does this approach still work? Why? What is the assumption of the new perspective?

Question 74

What is paradigm effect? What are its consequences?

Question 75

Identify the basis of meta-analysis.

Question 76

When does a study have external validity?