Deck 10: Multiple Choice

Question 1

In order to break down a complex tone into its constituent pure tones,perform a:

A) Fourier analysis.
B) regression analysis.
C) pattern analysis.
D) spectral analysis.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Complex tones are:

A) low-frequency tones.
B) high-frequency tones.
C) a combination of frequencies.
D) half tones.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Normal speech sounds are around:

A) 30 dB.
B) 40 dB.
C) 50 dB.
D) 60 dB.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Overtones are:

A) high-frequency tones.
B) half increments of the fundamental frequency.
C) multiples of the fundamental frequency.
D) restricted only to speech sounds.

Question 5

The range for the perception of sound in humans is:

A) 10 to 15,000 Hz.
B) 20 to 20,000 Hz.
C) 30 to 25,000 Hz.
D) 20 to 30,000 Hz.

Question 6

Decibels are a measure of:

A) sound amplitude.
B) pitch.
C) frequency.
D) timbre.

Question 7

Pure tones are sounds:

A) that are not amplified.
B) with a single frequency.
C) that have a unique timbre.
D) with a pitch between 5000 and 10,000 Hz.

Question 8

Another word for sound quality or complexity is:

A) pitch.
B) timbre.
C) loudness.
D) prosody.

Question 9

Exposure to sounds louder than _____ is likely to cause hearing damage.

A) 50 dB
B) 70 dB
C) 120 dB
D) 100 dB

Question 10

Research into the evolution of music suggests that:

A) all singing primates are monogamous.
B) music may be related to sexual behavior.
C) music is processed by the right temporal lobe.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Twenty-five cycles per second is equivalent to:

A) 5 Hz.
B) 25 Hz.
C) 50 Hz.
D) 100 Hz.

Question 12

Sound travels at a speed of:

A) 700 feet/second.
B) 1100 feet/second.
C) 1000 feet/second.
D) 800 feet/second.

Question 13

Which of the following species is said to have a narrow range of auditory frequency perception?

A) birds
B) whales
C) humans
D) bats

Question 14

Frequency of sound waves roughly corresponds to our perception of:

A) timbre.
B) complexity.
C) loudness.
D) pitch.

Question 15

Rock musicians frequently show loss of sensitivity to sound in the:

A) 4000 Hz range.
B) 5000 Hz range.
C) 6000 Hz range.
D) 7000 Hz range.

Question 16

Sounds that are louder than _____ are considered by most people to be loud.

A) 50 dB
B) 90 dB
C) 100 dB
D) 70 dB

Question 17

The rate at which a complex waveform repeats is called its:

A) resonant frequency.
B) Fourier frequency.
C) fundamental frequency.
D) repetition frequency.

Question 18

Sound waves are created by:

A) the compression of air molecules.
B) the rarefaction of air molecules.
C) undulating displacement of air molecules caused by pressure changes.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 19

Neanderthals:

A) did not bury their dead with artifacts.
B) were assumed to have complex language.
C) left evidence that they may have had musical instruments.
D) did not use tools.

Question 20

If we increase the amount of air that is compacted in each sound wave but keep the same number of waves,then we have changed the:

A) timbre.
B) pitch.
C) amplitude.
D) frequency.

Question 21

Susan is able to distinguish between a French horn and a trombone even when they are playing the same note at the same loudness.This is accomplished through using the differences in:

A) amplitude.
B) pitch.
C) frequency.
D) timbre.

Question 22

Which of the following frequencies is likely to be coded closest to the apex of the cochlea?

A) 15,000 Hz
B) 18,000 Hz
C) 300 Hz
D) 1000 Hz

Question 23

The correct order of the middle ear bones from nearest to the eardrum to nearest the oval window is:

A) stirrup,anvil,hammer.
B) anvil,hammer,stirrup.
C) hammer,stirrup anvil.
D) hammer,anvil,stirrup.

Question 24

The stirrup sits against the:

A) eardrum.
B) oval window.
C) round window.
D) cochlea.

Question 25

Movement of hair-cell cilia in a direction toward the shortest cilia results in:

A) hyperpolarization.
B) polarization.
C) depolarization.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

Aperiodic tones are considered to be:

A) noise.
B) pure tones.
C) complex tones.
D) overtones.

Question 27

Movement of hair-cell cilia in a direction toward the tallest cilia results in:

A) hyperpolarization.
B) polarization.
C) depolarization.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 28

The purpose of the pinna is to:

A) transduce sound waves into neural firing.
B) protect the inner ear.
C) funnel sound waves into the ear canal.
D) vibrate in response to sound waves.

Question 29

The _____ act(s)to relax or contract the basilar membrane to change its stiffness,and thus,its response to sound waves.

A) inner hair cells
B) outer hair cells
C) bipolar cells
D) cochlear nuclei

Question 30

It is likely that speech and music perception are located in the:

A) frontal lobes.
B) parietal lobes.
C) temporal lobes.
D) frontal and temporal lobes.

Question 31

Frequency is described in:

A) decibels.
B) hertz.
C) pitch.
D) segments per second.

Question 32

_____ are examples of complex tones.

A) Notes played by musical instruments
B) Bird songs
C) Human speech sounds
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 33

In the human cochlea there are approximately _____ inner hair cells.

A) 2000
B) 3500
C) 12,000
D) 15,500

Question 34

Timbre refers to:

A) our perception of loudness.
B) our perception of pitch.
C) a sound's perceived uniqueness.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 35

Nonspeech and nonmusical noise are perceived as a buzz at a rate of about:

A) 3 segments per second.
B) 5 segments per second.
C) 7 segments per second.
D) 10 segments per second.

Question 36

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the organ of Corti?

A) inner hair cells
B) outer hair cells
C) eardrum
D) basilar membrane

Question 37

The auditory system has:

A) one type of receptor.
B) three types of receptors.
C) a different type of receptor for each frequency.
D) four types of receptors.

Question 38

The threshold of human hearing allows us to detect the displacement of air molecules of roughly:

A) 10 picometers.
B) 1 picometer.
C) 20 picometers.
D) 100 picometers.

Question 39

We are capable of understanding speech at rates of _____ segments per second.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 40

Prosody means the same as:

A) tone of voice.
B) speech amplitude.
C) speed of language.
D) frequency.

Question 41

The planum temporale is:

A) the same as Heschl's gyrus.
B) smaller on the left than on the right in right-handed people.
C) also known as Wernicke's area on the left side.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Barn owls' ears are at different heights on the left and right sides of their head.This unique feature helps them better locate sounds that are:

A) to the left or right.
B) above or below.
C) in front or behind.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 43

Damage to the _____ can cause problems with both language and taste perception.

A) left planum temporale
B) insula
C) left Wernicke's area
D) right parietal cortex

Question 44

The axons of _____ form the auditory nerve.

A) inner hair cells
B) outer hair cells
C) bipolar cells
D) auditory interneurons

Question 45

_____ has a special role in processing music.

A) The left planum temporale
B) The right planum temporale
C) Heschl's gyrus in the left hemisphere
D) Heschl's gyrus in the right hemisphere

Question 46

Gerald is walking through the forest at night,and he hears what sounds like an animal walking somewhere to his left.Gerald localized the source of this sound using _____,which relies on neurons in the _____.

A) differences in arrival time between the two ears;medial superior olive
B) differences in loudness between the two ears;medial superior olive
C) differences in arrival time between the two ears;lateral superior olive
D) differences in loudness between the two ears;lateral superior olive

Question 47

The left planum temporale is generally larger in:

A) left-handed individuals.
B) right-handed individuals.
C) bilingual speakers.
D) females.

Question 48

A study by Thaler and colleagues examined the brain regions involved in human echolocation by blind individuals.Their study found that echolocation in blind individuals seemed to rely on activation in:

A) Broca's area.
B) the ventral auditory pathway.
C) primary auditory cortex.
D) visual cortex.

Question 49

Rachael hears what sounds like a car alarm sounding off.In order for her to localize this high frequency continuous sound her auditory system will take advantage of:

A) differences in the arrival times of the sound between the two ears.
B) differences in the elevation of the sound between the two ears.
C) differences in the intensity of the sound arriving at both ears.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 50

Inputs from the _____ are sent to primary auditory cortex (A1).

A) dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
B) ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
C) ventral medial geniculate nucleus
D) dorsal medial geniculate nucleus

Question 51

Damage to the left auditory cortex would lead to:

A) deafness in the left ear.
B) deafness in the right ear.
C) deafness in both ears.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 52

_____ is (are)often used to measure the functionality of the inner ear in newborn infants.

A) Frequency analysis
B) Otoacoustic emissions
C) Fourier analysis
D) Auditory evoked potentials

Question 53

Research on the tuning curves of individual inner hair cells indicates that:

A) each hair cell responds only to a single frequency.
B) each hair cell responds to all possible frequencies in the human hearing range.
C) each hair cell responds maximally to a single frequency but also responds somewhat to nearby frequencies.
D) only outer hair cells respond to different frequencies.

Question 54

Which of the following sequences is the correct auditory route to the cortex?

A) cochlear nucleus,olivary complex,inferior colliculus,medial geniculate,auditory cortex
B) cochlear nucleus,inferior colliculus,olivary complex,medial geniculate,auditory cortex
C) cochlear nucleus,olivary complex,medial geniculate,inferior colliculus,auditory cortex
D) cochlear nucleus,medial geniculate,olivary complex,inferior colliculus,auditory cortex

Question 55

The recognition of objects by sound is accomplished by the:

A) dorsal auditory pathway.
B) ventral auditory pathway.
C) anterior auditory pathway.
D) lateral auditory pathway.

Question 56

Bipolar cells receive input from:

A) many hair cells.
B) many ganglion cells.
C) one hair cell.
D) one ganglion cell.

Question 57

Increases in loudness are coded by:

A) the activation of more hair cells.
B) the activation of more bipolar cells.
C) an increased rate of firing in bipolar cells.
D) activation of loudness detectors in the medial geniculate nucleus.

Question 58

The thalamic relay nucleus for the auditory system is the:

A) pulvinar nucleus.
B) lateral geniculate nucleus.
C) medial geniculate nucleus.
D) ventrolateral nucleus.

Question 59

The human A1 auditory area is found in:

A) the planum temporale.
B) Wernicke's area.
C) Broca's area.
D) Heschl's gyrus.

Question 60

Studies with humans have shown that if two sounds presented through earphones are separated by as little as _____ microseconds,the sound will be perceived as being on the side of the leading ear.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 61

Since James's recent stroke he has had a lot of difficulty speaking meaningful sentences.For example,the other day when a nurse asked him how he was doing,he said,"Colorful bicycles sleep furiously." It appears James may have damage to his:

A) right frontal lobe.
B) left temporal lobe.
C) left frontal lobe.
D) right temporal lobe.

Question 62

Broca's aphasia is associated with:

A) deficits in initiating the motor programs for speech.
B) deficits in the comprehension of language.
C) impaired facial movements.
D) impaired auditory perception.

Question 63

Stimulation of Broca's area by Penfield produced:

A) comprehension deficits.
B) language-expression deficits.
C) both comprehension deficits and language expression deficits.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 64

Stimulation of the A1 area of the auditory cortex by Penfield produced:

A) elicitation of words.
B) hearing voices.
C) simple tones.
D) slurring of speech.

Question 65

Broca's area is located in the:

A) left temporal lobe.
B) right temporal lobe.
C) left frontal lobe.
D) right frontal lobe.

Question 66

The sensitive period (i.e. ,critical period)for learning language is probably between:

A) 2 years and 7 years of age.
B) 1 year and 6 years of age.
C) 1 year and 10 years of age.
D) 2 years and 10 years of age.

Question 67

When the patient Susan S.(described in the text)lost her left temporal lobe,she could no longer:

A) recognize melodies.
B) write or read music.
C) read.
D) pick up tiny mistakes in performed music.

Question 68

In the world today there are approximately _____ languages.

A) 2000
B) 3000
C) 6000
D) 10,000

Question 69

Wernicke's area is located in the:

A) left temporal lobe.
B) right temporal lobe.
C) left frontal lobe.
D) right frontal lobe.

Question 70

Discriminating between speech sounds (e.g. ,"ba" versus "ga")activates:

A) Wernicke's area.
B) Broca's area.
C) A1.
D) the insula.

Question 71

Wernicke's area is connected to Broca's area via the:

A) arcuate fasciculus.
B) temporal fasciculus
C) inferior longitudinal tract.
D) corona radiata.

Question 72

Eric is a 10-year-old boy who learned English and German at the same time as a child.Eric suffered a recent head injury and has damage to Broca's area in the left hemisphere.This means that Eric will most likely have Broca's aphasia:

A) for English only.
B) for German only.
C) for both English and German.
D) only if Broca's area is damaged in both hemispheres.

Question 73

Joanne had to have her entire left hemisphere removed to treat her severe epilepsy.Since the removal of her left hemisphere Joanne:

A) can no longer understand language.
B) can no longer understand music.
C) can no longer understand language but can still understand music.
D) can no longer understand language or music.

Question 74

Mapping of language sites using electrical stimulation was first accomplished by:

A) Paul Broca.
B) Karl Wernicke.
C) Wilder Penfield.
D) John Hughlings Jackson.

Question 75

Wernicke's aphasia is associated with:

A) deficits in initiating the motor programs for speech.
B) deficits in the comprehension of language.
C) impaired facial movements.
D) impaired auditory perception.

Question 76

Children in all cultures begin to combine words around _____ months of age.

A) 12
B) 14
C) 18
D) 36

Question 77

The computation for detecting the location of a sound by comparing the time difference between the two ears occurs at the:

A) auditory cortex.
B) superior olivary complex.
C) medial geniculate.
D) inferior colliculus.

Question 78

Simple auditory stimuli such as tones are processed in _____,whereas complex sounds (e.g. ,speech syllables)are processed in _____.

A) A1;secondary auditory areas
B) secondary auditory areas;A1
C) A1;Broca's area
D) A1;the parietal cortex

Question 79

The development of new languages is sometimes described as:

A) pidginization.
B) creolization.
C) lingualization.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 80

Using electrical stimulation,Penfield was able to show that stimulation of what later became known as the supplementary speech area caused:

A) auditory hallucinations (i.e. ,hearing voices).
B) the patient to produce meaningless sentences.
C) speech arrest.
D) sensations in the mouth and tongue.