Deck 14: Essay

Question 1

Why are fear and eyeblink conditioning paradigms used for studying the brain?

Answer 1

no answer

Question 2

Outline a purported neural circuit for explicit memory.

Answer 2

no answer

Question 3

What memory systems and brain regions are affected in Alzheimer disease?

Answer 3

no answer

Question 4

What evidence supports the idea that the hippocampus is critical for spatial memory?

Question 5

What are autobiographical memories? What brain regions are thought to underlie autobiographical memories?

Question 6

What is Korsakoff syndrome? What is its primary cause?

Question 7

What role do NMDA and AMPA receptors play in long-term potentiation (LTP)?

Question 8

Differentiate between explicit and implicit memory.Give an example of each.

Question 9

What brain circuits participate in generating implicit memories?

Question 10

How do the brains of people and other animals with superior spatial memory abilities differ from those with normal spatial memory abilities? Give examples.

Question 11

What are long-term potentiation (LTP)and long-term depression (LTD)? What procedures can be used to induce LTP or LTD?

Question 12

Describe the visual recognition and object position tasks used to study memory in monkeys.Which brain structures are critical for performing these tasks?

Question 13

Does the adult brain form new neurons? If so,where are they added?

Question 14

List H.M.'s memory deficits and his maintained memory systems following his neurosurgery.

Question 15

How does an enriched environment alter the brain?

Question 16

Differentiate between Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning.

Question 17

Which brain circuits are critical for forming emotional memories?

Question 18

What are place,head direction,and grid cells? How do these cells work to construct a spatial map of our environment?

Question 19

Differentiate between top-down and bottom-up processing.How are these two types of processing related to explicit and implicit memory?

Question 20

What role do the frontal lobes play in memory? What happens following frontal lobe damage?

Question 21

What happens to a motor map after the amputation of a limb?

Question 22

Richard's left arm was amputated 3 years ago after a workplace injury.Even though the limb is gone,Richard sometimes feels like he still has a left arm.In addition,when Richard shaves the left side of his face,it feels as though someone is touching his missing left arm.What mechanisms explain this strange phenomenon?

Question 23

List and describe five of the guiding principles of brain plasticity mentioned in your text.

Question 24

What are neurotrophic factors? What role do they play in the recovery from brain injury?

Question 25

List the three primary methods to enhance recovery of function after brain damage.

Question 26

How do fluctuating estrogen levels affect cognition?

Question 27

Define drug-induced behavioral sensitization.Give an example.