Deck 4: Essay

Question 1

What is a voltmeter?

Answer 1

A voltmeter is an electrical measuring instrument used to measure the electrical potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an electrical circuit. The unit of measurement for voltage is volts, and the voltmeter is designed to provide a readout in this unit.

Voltmeters come in various types, including analog and digital models. An analog voltmeter typically uses a moving coil, a needle, and a calibrated scale to display the voltage level. Digital voltmeters, on the other hand, use electronic components to measure the voltage and display the reading on a digital screen, such as an LCD.

To use a voltmeter, the device's probes are connected to the two points in the circuit where the voltage is to be measured. The positive probe (usually red) is connected to the point with higher potential, and the negative probe (usually black) is connected to the point with lower potential or ground. The voltmeter then measures the difference in electrical potential between these points and provides a readout.

Voltmeters are designed to have a very high internal resistance so that they do not significantly alter the circuit they are measuring. This high resistance ensures that the voltmeter draws a minimal amount of current, preventing it from affecting the circuit's performance or the accuracy of the measurement.

Voltmeters are essential tools for electricians, electronics technicians, engineers, and hobbyists who work with electrical circuits. They are used in a wide range of applications, from simple battery checks to complex diagnostic tasks in electronic systems.

Question 2

What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)and how is it recorded?

Answer 2

no answer

Question 3

Differentiate between a negative and a positive pole.

Answer 3

no answer

Question 4

What is significant about the giant axon of the squid?

Question 5

What processes participate in maintaining the resting potential?

Question 6

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)? What are some of the identified risk factors for MS?

Question 7

Describe the work of Luigi Galvani and Roberts Bartholow.How did they contribute to our knowledge of how the nervous system operates?

Question 8

What are the two primary reasons refractory periods are important for the conduction of nerve impulses?

Question 9

What are voltage-sensitive ion channels?

Question 10

How does the sodium-potassium pump work?

Question 11

What processes are involved in initiating an action potential?

Question 12

What is the patch technique?

Question 13

Describe the pioneering work of Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley,which earned them a Nobel Prize.

Question 14

What are nodes of Ranvier,and what role do they play in the conduction of nerve impulses?

Question 15

What is the function of myelin? How does it influence the conduction of a nerve impulse?

Question 16

What is the difference between depolarization and hyperpolarization?

Question 17

Differentiate between absolute and relative refractory periods.

Question 18

Differentiate between a diffusion and a concentration gradient.

Question 19

How does the nerve impulse travel from the axon hillock to the end of the axon without degrading in magnitude?

Question 20

What is a graded potential?

Question 21

What are the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)? What neural structures are damaged?

Question 22

How do nerve impulses produce movement?

Question 23

What are temporal and spatial summation?

Question 24

What is back propagation,and how is it linked with neuroplasticity?

Question 25

Define EPSP and IPSP.