Deck 23: Multiprotocol Label Switching

Question 1

One of the benefits of MPLS is that it does not need to retain the flexibility of an IP-based networking approach

Answer 1

False

Question 2

________ focuses on the architecture and techniques for constraint-based path computation.

A)CCAMP
B)PCE
C)12vpn
D)Pwe3

Answer 2

B

Question 3

MPLS imposes a connectionless framework on an IP-based internet and thus provides the foundation for sophisticated and reliable QoS traffic contracts.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

MPLS is used to ensure that all packets in a particular flow take the same route over a ________.

A)label stack
B)backbone
C)tunnel
D)switched path

Question 5

One of the most powerful features of MPLS is label stacking.

Question 6

Hop-by-hop routing does not readily support traffic engineering or policy routing.

Question 7

Multiprotocol Label Switching is well suited to implementing virtual private networks.

Question 8

MPLS can be used in packet-switching networks.

Question 9

MPLS is an enhancement that does not require an upgrade to IP routers to support its features.

Question 10

A routing algorithm develops information that can be used in determining how to handle packets with different service needs.

Question 11

MPLS is intended to provide connection-oriented QoS with features similar to those found in ________.

A)Integrated Services
B)IETF
C)Differentiated Services
D)ISA

Question 12

Effective use of traffic engineering can substantially increase usable network capacity.

Question 13

A key component of an MPLS network is the use of ________ to optimize and manage the load.

A)session distribution
B)nodes
C)labeled routers
D)traffic engineering

Question 14

Traffic designated as VPN traffic can only go from a VPN source to a destination in the same VPN.

Question 15

MPLS delivers the quality of service required to support real-time voice and video but does not deliver SLAs that guarantee bandwidth.

Question 16

Path calculation is a signaling protocol to reserve the resources for a traffic flow and to establish the LSP for a traffic flow.

Question 17

Like IP,MPLS is connection oriented.

Question 18

Route selection refers to the selection of an LSP for a particular FEC.

Question 19

For services such as voice and video that require a network with high predictability,the DS and IS approaches,by themselves,may prove inadequate on a heavily loaded network.

Question 20

________ have as their fundamental purpose dynamically finding a route through an internet between any source and any destination.

A)Routing protocols
B)Tunnel protocols
C)Label protocols
D)Traffic protocols

Question 21

Prior to the routing and delivery of packets in a given FEC,a path through the network,known as a ________,must be defined and the QoS parameters along that path must be established.

Question 22

The objective of ________ is to support link layer interfaces,such as ATM and Ethernet,for providing VPNs for an MPLS-enabled IP packet switched network.

A)l3vpn
B)PCE
C)l2vpn
D)pwe3

Question 23

In the early 1990s the telecom industry made a substantial investment in ________ as the network backbone technology of the future.

Question 24

The essence of MPLS functionality is that traffic is grouped into ________.

A)FECs
B)ECN
C)LIBs
D)LSPs

Question 25

________ refers to the fact that traffic routing is determined by labels,and is exercised below normal IP routing and filtering.

A)Label routing
B)Differentiated Services
C)Traffic engineering
D)Tunnel

Question 26

A MPLS network or internet consists of a set of nodes,called ________ capable of switching and routing packets on the basis of which a label has been appended to each packet.

Question 27

With a ________ the traffic of a given enterprise or group passes transparently through an internet in a way that effectively segregates that traffic from other packets on the internet.

A)LDP
B)MPLS
C)LSP tunnel
D)VPN

Question 28

Each label switching router builds a table,called a ________,to specify how a packet must be treated and forwarded.

A)LIB
B)LSP
C)ECN
D)FEC

Question 29

MPLS is a set of ________ specifications for including routing and traffic engineering information in packets.

Question 30

For each forwarding equivalence class a specific path through the network of LSRs is defined.This is called a ________ path.

Question 31

An ________ represents a group of packets that share the same transport requirements,receive the same treatment en route to the destination and follow the same path and receive the same QoS treatment at each hop.

Question 32

A ________ emulates a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint link and provides a single service that is perceived by its user as an unshared link or circuit of the chosen service.

Question 33

________ define a flow of packets between two endpoints or,in the case of multicast,between a source endpoint and a multicast group of destination endpoints.

A)Pseudowires
B)Labels
C)Tunnels
D)Backbones

Question 34

A MPLS label is a 32-bit field consisting of the following elements: label value,S,TTL,and ________.

Question 35

The ability to define routes dynamically,plan resource commitments on the basis of known demand,and optimize network utilization is referred to as ________.

Question 36

________ messages are used to create,change,and delete label mappings for FECs.

A)Session establishment and maintenance
B)Discovery
C)Advertisement
D)Notification

Question 37

_______ are constructed based on link level addresses.

A)CEs
B)L2VPNs
C)L3VPNs
D)CR-LDPs

Question 38

________ are widely used by enterprises to create WANs that span large geographic areas,to provide site-to-site connections to branch offices, and to allow mobile users to dial up their company LANs.

A)CEs
B)LSPs
C)VPNs
D)VCs

Question 39

________ is a set of protocols,or protocol suite,designed to address a number of issues,including traffic engineering,QoS,virtual private networks,and IP/ATM integration.

Question 40

Protocols that communicate which label goes with which FEC are called ________.

A)label routing protocols
B)label stacking protocols
C)label switching protocols
D)label distribution protocols

Question 41

A ________ is a private network that is configured within a public network in order to take advantage of the economies of scale and management facilities of large networks.

Question 42

The components that work together to implement MPLS-TE are: information distribution,path calculation,path setup and ________.

Question 43

A routing algorithm that takes into account the traffic requirements of various flows and that takes into account the resources available along various hops and through various nodes is referred to as a ________ algorithm.

Question 44

The MPLS architecture supports two routing options: hop-by-hop and ________.

Question 45

When computing paths for LSPs,________ considers the topology of the network, the attributes of the individual links between LSRs,and the attributes of existing LSPs.