Deck 38: Introduction to Emotion

Question 1

People report that they are especially likely to experience anger when they are harmed by an event that is perceived as

A) unusual.
B) unintended.
C) unjustified.
D) unavoidable.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The catharsis hypothesis refers to the idea that

A) anger is always preceded by cognition.
B) humans tend to adapt to a given level of stimulation.
C) anger is reduced by aggressive action or fantasy.
D) anger raises our testosterone level.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Experts suggest that an intensely angry person should

A) avoid talking about their angry feelings.
B) release the anger through some aggressive action or fantasy.
C) take time to let the anger and emotional arousal subside.
D) mentally rehearse the exact reasons for the anger.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by brows raised,eyes widened,and mouth rounded in an oval shape?

A) disgust
B) joy
C) anger
D) surprise

Question 5

Caroll Izard identified

A) 10 distinct and basic emotions.
B) the ability to detect nonverbal threats.
C) the ability to detect lies.
D) cultural variations in the expression of emotions.

Question 6

Experiencing anger tends to ________ heart rate and ________ testosterone levels.

A) reduce;increase
B) increase;reduce
C) reduce;reduce
D) increase;increase

Question 7

Milan is upset with his wife because she was over an hour late in picking him up at the airport.He is likely to deal most effectively with his feelings of irritation toward her by telling her

A) "I'm really angry that I had to wait so long for you to get here."
B) "From now on,I'll ask someone at the office to pick me up."
C) "I'm dying of hunger! It's 7:45 and I haven't had dinner yet."
D) "I was starting to worry that you had a car accident on your way over here."

Question 8

Researchers have found that forgiveness

A) releases anger.
B) calms the body.
C) increases bloodflow to brain regions that help people understand their own emotions.
D) does all of these things.

Question 9

In one study,people who had been angered were asked to hit a punching bag while thinking about the person who had angered them.The results of this study most clearly highlighted the dangers of

A) relative deprivation.
B) poor adaptation.
C) an emotional catharsis.
D) inadequate spirituality.

Question 10

After watching a video of his winning game shot in a high school basketball tournament,Jordan was easily persuaded to babysit his little sister while his parents go out for dinner.This best illustrates

A) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
C) the relative deprivation principle.
D) subjective well-being.

Question 11

One study surveyed thousands of U.S.college students and restudied them at age 37.College students who were happy had gone on to earn ________ money than their less-happy-than-average peers.

A) fifty percent less
B) slightly more
C) no more
D) significantly

Question 12

Compared with those who are unhappy,happy people are ________ likely to live healthy lives and they are ________ likely to perceive the world as safe.

A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less

Question 13

One of the 10 basic emotions isolated by Carroll Izard is

A) lust.
B) greed.
C) shame.
D) love.

Question 14

A television producer believes that violent TV programs provide viewers an opportunity to reduce their own anger through fantasy.The producer appears to accept the

A) concept of flow.
B) adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) relative deprivation principle.
D) catharsis hypothesis.

Question 15

Mrs.Chen asks her teenage son,Keith,to rake the leaves in the yard.Keith is most likely to want to help his mother after

A) losing an important athletic contest.
B) bringing home a less-than-satisfactory report card from school.
C) discovering that his cell phone had been stolen.
D) receiving news that he has just won $1000 in a state lottery.

Question 16

In which country would parents be LEAST likely to advocate catharsis as a way of helping their children reduce their anger?

A) the United States
B) Japan
C) Australia
D) France

Question 17

People's tendency to be helpful when already in a positive mood is called

A) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
B) the behavior feedback effect.
C) a happiness set point.
D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 18

Verbal and nonverbal expressions of anger can

A) calm emotions and reduce anger.
B) become habitual if they successfully reduce anger.
C) increase immediate feelings of anger.
D) do any of these things.

Question 19

After 9/11,Americans who responded with anger more than fear also displayed

A) more intolerance for immigrants.
B) less heart disease.
C) more subjective well-being.
D) less physiological arousal.

Question 20

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by eyelids lifted,mouth corners retracted,and brows level while drawn in and up?

A) anger
B) fear
C) sadness
D) disgust

Question 21

When the mayor ordered a salary increase for the city's police officers,there was a sudden loss of morale among the city's firefighters.The firefighters' sudden dissatisfaction best illustrates

A) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) the do-good,feel-good phenomenon.
C) the experience of flow.
D) relative deprivation.

Question 22

The concept of relative deprivation refers to the perception that

A) yesterday's luxuries are today's necessities.
B) things are never quite as bad as they could be.
C) one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself.
D) happiness can't last forever.

Question 23

You were happy with your grade of B on the psychology test until you learned that almost everyone else in the class received an A.This illustrates that one's level of happiness is influenced by

A) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) relative deprivation.
C) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
D) catharsis.

Question 24

Who said that "positive psychology is an umbrella term for the study of positive emotions,positive character traits,and enabling institutions"?

A) Ellen Langer
B) Martin Seligman
C) Julian Rotter
D) Sonja Lyubomirsky

Question 25

Research on the well-being of the average U.S.citizen indicates that the

A) vast majority of Americans currently declare themselves to be very happy.
B) personal happiness of Americans has been increasing during the last half-century.
C) buying power of Americans has been decreasing during the last half-century.
D) increase in the buying power of Americans during the last half-century has provided no apparent boost to their personal happiness.

Question 26

A sense of satisfaction with life is known as

A) the experience of flow.
B) the adaption-level phenomenon.
C) subjective well-being.
D) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.

Question 27

Which of the following best explains why communities with great income inequality also tend to be communities with less happiness?

A) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon
B) the adaptation-level phenomenon
C) the do-good,feel-good phenomenon
D) the relative deprivation principle

Question 28

Those who strive hardest for ________ have tended to experience a higher quality of life.

A) personal wealth
B) community contribution
C) catharsis
D) physical attractiveness

Question 29

Humanistic psychologists

A) aimed at advancing human fulfillment.
B) studied human flourishing.
C) studied negative experiences.
D) researched basic human emotions.

Question 30

People's positive emotions typically ________ between the early and middle hours of the day and typically ________ between the middle and late hours of the day.

A) rise;rise further
B) fall;fall further
C) rise;fall
D) remain stable;fall

Question 31

Exploring the development of character strengths such as self-control,compassion,and courage is most clearly central to

A) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
B) the catharsis hypothesis.
C) positive psychology.
D) relative deprivation.

Question 32

Our tendency to judge various stimuli relative to those we have previously experienced is called

A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) the relative deprivation principle.
D) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.

Question 33

Juan and Berta were millionaires who lost half their life savings due to a bad investment decision.Which of the following best explains why after three years Juan and Berta seem to have suffered no permanent loss of happiness?

A) relative deprivation
B) the concept of flow
C) the catharsis hypothesis
D) the adaptation-level phenomenon

Question 34

Martin Seligman has sought to promote the development of human strengths and virtues by means of

A) a scientific movement known as positive psychology.
B) catharsis in expressing your true emotions.
C) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
D) realizing how resilient we are.

Question 35

When Mrs.Van Dyke first acquired a new luxury car,she was ecstatic.After several months,however,she took the car for granted and it gave her little sense of emotional excitement.This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of

A) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) relative deprivation.
C) the catharsis hypothesis.
D) the do-good,feel-good phenomenon.

Question 36

Eighty-two percent of entering U.S.college students have expressed a(n)________ desire to be wealthy.

A) increasing
B) minimal
C) decreasing
D) unchanging

Question 37

Alicia's happiness level increases after she donates money to support a local child-protection agency.Her experience best illustrates the

A) catharsis hypothesis.
B) relative deprivation principle.
C) do-good,feel-good phenomenon.
D) adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 38

The first pillar of the positive psychology movement focuses on the study of

A) the experience of flow.
B) subjective well-being.
C) a happiness set point.
D) emotional literacy.

Question 39

Since 1887,researchers have been more likely to study ________ than ________.

A) depression;happiness
B) happiness;depression
C) resilience;deprivation
D) personal history;culture

Question 40

In a 2006 Gallup poll,close to ________ percent of Americans thought they would be happier if they made more money.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90

Question 41

Compared with their less happy peers,the happiest 20-year-olds are subsequently ________ likely to marry and ________ likely to divorce.

A) less;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) more;less

Question 42

After receiving exciting news about the birth of a healthy grandson,Mr.Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church.This best illustrates

A) catharsis.
B) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) subjective well-being.
D) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.

Question 43

Carroll Izard has suggested that love is a mixture of interest-excitement and

A) pride.
B) surprise.
C) fear.
D) joy.

Question 44

A general sense of happiness or life satisfaction is most unrelated to whether people

A) sleep well.
B) are young or old.
C) have a happy marriage.
D) have an active religious faith.

Question 45

Differences among people's self-reported happiness levels are MOST strongly related to

A) genetic differences.
B) gender differences.
C) age differences.
D) physical attractiveness differences.

Question 46

According to Carroll Izard,which of the following is considered a basic emotion?

A) love
B) empathy
C) anger
D) pride

Question 47

Happiness has been found to relate to which of the following?

A) age
B) gender
C) physical attractiveness
D) social relationships

Question 48

Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag.His belief best illustrates

A) the relative deprivation principle.
B) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) the catharsis hypothesis.
D) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.

Question 49

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study had been approved for publication.His feelings of joy quickly disappeared,however,when he heard a colleague recently had three different research articles accepted for publication.His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained in terms of

A) a happiness set point.
B) relative deprivation.
C) the experience of flow.
D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 50

A celebrity actress experiences ever-increasing levels of professional acclaim following each successful movie role.Yet with each success,she experiences no more than a temporary surge of well-being.This is best explained in terms of the

A) catharsis hypothesis.
B) happiness set point.
C) do-good,feel-good phenomenon.
D) adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 51

According to Carroll Izard,which of the following is NOT a basic emotion?

A) fear
B) sadness
C) anger
D) love

Question 52

Research on the experience of flow suggests that people experience the most happiness when they are

A) eating.
B) daydreaming.
C) highly self-aware.
D) absorbed in challenging activities.

Question 53

People's moment-to-moment positive moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day and their moment-to-moment negative moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day.

A) later;earlier
B) middle;later
C) later;middle
D) early;middle

Question 54

Adam is in a bad mood after receiving a course grade that is much lower than he expected.Aaron is in a good mood after receiving a course grade that is much higher than he expected.Research suggests that Adam is likely to ________ the duration of his bad mood and Aaron is likely to ________ the duration of his good mood.

A) overestimate;underestimate
B) underestimate;overestimate
C) overestimate;overestimate
D) underestimate;underestimate

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of happy people?

A) high self-esteem
B) optimism
C) strong social relationships
D) physical attractiveness

Question 56

Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer.Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will

A) calm their emotions and reduce their anger.
B) lead them to perceive their employer's actions as unavoidable.
C) rechannel their anger into constructive motivation.
D) increase their hostility.

Question 57

Researchers have found that certain factors are related to happiness.One of these is that happy people tend to

A) be well educated.
B) have many children.
C) have a satisfying marriage or close friendship.
D) be physically attractive.

Question 58

Ten distinct and basic emotions were identified by

A) William James.
B) Carol Tavris.
C) James Averill.
D) Carroll Izard.

Question 59

People tend to ________ how much they can accomplish in any given day and they tend to ________ how much they can accomplish in a year.

A) overestimate;overestimate
B) underestimate;underestimate
C) overestimate;underestimate
D) underestimate;overestimate

Question 60

After imagining and then writing about various tragedies,such as people being burned and disfigured,it can be expected that university women would express increased

A) fear.
B) anger.
C) depression.
D) well-being.

Question 61

Rosaria is upset with her husband for not putting his dirty clothes in the laundry basket.Anger experts would most likely recommend that she deal with her frustration by saying to him

A) "I'm not your mother.Take some responsibility."
B) "From now on I'm going to leave my dirty clothes around for you to pick up."
C) "It annoys me that you leave your dirty clothes for me to pick up."
D) "I refuse to make dinner until you do the laundry."

Question 62

Which basic emotion is facially expressed by brows drawn together and downward,eyes fixed,and mouth squarish?

A) anger
B) fear
C) surprise
D) interest

Question 63

Charles Darwin suggested that violent gestures increase one's anger.This is most inconsistent with the

A) feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
B) adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) catharsis hypothesis.
D) relative deprivation principle.

Question 64

According to the catharsis hypothesis,retaliating against someone who provokes us can calm us down because retaliation

A) relieves aggressive urges.
B) reduces the effects of flow.
C) promotes shared experiences.
D) triggers the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 65

The term catharsis refers to emotional

A) disturbance.
B) inhibition.
C) release.
D) adaptation.

Question 66

Which of the following children is most likely to calm down emotionally shortly after venting his anger?

A) Jack,who attacks his intimidating older brother for spitting at him.
B) Jeremiah,who attacks his irritating younger brother for spitting at him.
C) Jed,who attacks his friendly older brother for no good reason.
D) Jason,who attacks his playful younger brother for no good reason.

Question 67

Which basic emotion is facially expressed by nose wrinkled,upper lip raised,and tongue pushed outward?

A) fear
B) surprise
C) disgust
D) anger

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a recommended way to manage anger?

A) wait
B) vent
C) find a distraction
D) distance yourself

Question 69

Reducing one's anger through aggressive action or fantasy is called

A) catharsis.
B) behavior feedback.
C) spontaneous remission.
D) relative deprivation.

Question 70

Carroll Izard has argued that ________ involves a combination of some of the 10 basic emotions he identified.

A) love
B) fear
C) joy
D) anger

Question 71

Reduced feelings of tension following aggressive outbursts contribute to

A) spontaneous remission.
B) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) relative deprivation.
D) the reinforcement of aggression.

Question 72

German students had their brain scanned while someone thwarted their opportunity to earn money.Bloodflow to brain areas that helped students understand their own emotions and make socially appropriate decisions was enhanced among students who

A) perceived the wrongdoer's act as unjustified.
B) verbally expressed their feelings of anger.
C) experienced forgiveness for the wrongdoer.
D) ruminated inwardly about the reasons for their anger.

Question 73

Jed wants his roommate Dante to help him study for a physics test.Dante is most likely to want to help after he has

A) unsuccessfully tried to repair a flat tire on his car.
B) received an A on his psychology test.
C) heard that a friend was involved in an automobile accident.
D) been caught cheating on a math test.

Question 74

Ruminating inwardly about why you are angry is likely to

A) reduce your level of physical arousal.
B) increase bloodflow in the amygdala.
C) reduce your feelings of anger.
D) increase your level of subjective well-being.

Question 75

Encouraging people to vent their anger in order to reduce it presumes that angry expressions promote

A) catharsis.
B) forgiveness.
C) positive health.
D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 76

A friend's misdeed is especially likely to trigger feelings of anger if the misdeed is perceived as

A) a spontaneous expression.
B) justified.
C) cathartic.
D) willful.

Question 77

Which of the following are thought by some researchers to be basic emotions NOT identified by Carroll Izard?

A) pride and love
B) joy and anger
C) sadness and fear
D) shame and guilt

Question 78

The feel-good,do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they

A) are more willing to help others.
B) make decisions more effectively.
C) experience a more positive self-image.
D) report greater satisfaction with their whole lives.

Question 79

Compared with those who are unhappy,happy people are ________ decisive and ________ cooperative.

A) less;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) more;less

Question 80

A psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels toward her ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures of him into little pieces.This therapeutic technique is based on the

A) catharsis hypothesis.
B) adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
D) the concept of flow.