Deck 32: Assessing Intelligence

Question 1

When we are too hot,we perspire in order to lower our body temperature and thereby

A) preserve body warmth.
B) arouse drives.
C) maintain homeostasis.
D) create an incentive.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Dr.Shen believes that the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs "pushes" us to behave in certain ways.Dr.Shen's views are most consistent with ________ theory.

A) instinct
B) drive-reduction
C) incentive
D) arousal

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Marcus is really hot,so he takes off his jacket.Marcus' body temperature is a physiological state that has produced a motivational state called

A) a need.
B) homeostasis.
C) a drive.
D) an incentive.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

It is characteristic of robins to build nests.This is an example of

A) an incentive.
B) homeostasis.
C) a drive.
D) an instinct.

Question 5

When you feel cold,you engage in behavior to reduce this unpleasant feeling,for example,by putting on your coat.This desire to reduce internal tension is a crucial aspect of ________ theory.

A) drive-reduction
B) arousal
C) instinct
D) incentive

Question 6

Lack of body fluids is to thirst as ________ is to ________.

A) motivation;emotion
B) need;drive
C) homeostasis;hunger
D) incentive;instinct

Question 7

Which of the following refers to a physiological state that usually triggers a state of motivational arousal?

A) need
B) homeostasis
C) drive
D) incentive

Question 8

A drive refers to

A) a rigidly patterned and unlearned behavior characteristic of a species.
B) anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.
C) an aroused,motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.
D) a positive or negative environmental stimulus.

Question 9

Like evolutionary theory,instinct theory most clearly assumed that behavior is influenced by

A) homeostasis.
B) self-esteem needs.
C) incentives.
D) genetic predispositions.

Question 10

________ is the need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

A) Motivation
B) Emotion
C) Cognition
D) Instinct

Question 11

Professor Sanchez explains to his class that our taste preferences have survival value and that certain helping behaviors may be genetically predisposed.Professor Sanchez is advocating the position taken by

A) evolutionary theory.
B) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
C) arousal theory.
D) drive-reduction theory.

Question 12

An instinctive behavior is one that

A) is common to an entire species.
B) is unlearned.
C) is rigidly patterned.
D) has all of these characteristics.

Question 13

Dr.Ligorano has devoted his professional life to researching the desires and needs that energize and direct behavior.His area of research has obviously been

A) emotion.
B) cognition.
C) motivation.
D) behavior genetics.

Question 14

The term homeostasis literally means

A) "common to all."
B) "unique to humans."
C) "staying the same."
D) "motivational dynamics."

Question 15

A lack of sufficient oxygen intake is an example of a(n)

A) drive.
B) instinct.
C) need.
D) incentive.

Question 16

The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as

A) an incentive.
B) an instinct.
C) homeostasis.
D) arousal.

Question 17

"People have a sociability motive because interacting with others affords more opportunities to find a potential mate." This statement best illustrates ________ theories of motivation.

A) drive
B) incentive
C) instinct
D) arousal

Question 18

A physiological need is a

A) basic bodily requirement.
B) need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
C) complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
D) positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 19

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be a human instinct.

A) infant sucking
B) athletic skill
C) religious ritual
D) learned behaviors

Question 20

After staying up until 4 A.M.studying,Misty is very sleepy,so she goes to bed and sleeps in until an hour before her 1 P.M.exam.Misty's sleepiness is an example of

A) a drive.
B) a need.
C) homeostasis.
D) an incentive.

Question 21

In reflecting on his professional acting career,Mr.Scott notes that his worst performances typically occurred when he experienced either too little or too much arousal.His experience best illustrates

A) incentive theory.
B) drive-reduction theory.
C) hierarchy of needs theory.
D) the Yerkes-Dodson law.

Question 22

A thick,juicy hamburger is to hunger as ________ is to ________.

A) need;drive
B) incentive;drive
C) homeostasis;thirst
D) incentive;instinct

Question 23

The tendency for people to perform best on certain tasks when they are moderately aroused is known as

A) homeostasis.
B) drive-reduction theory.
C) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
D) hierarchy of needs theory.

Question 24

Lillian has the lead role in a high school play.According to the Yerkes-Dodson law,she is likely to perform ________ in the play if her arousal during the performance is ________.

A) well;moderate
B) poorly;moderate
C) well;very low
D) well;very high

Question 25

The desire to avoid stress is to ________ theory as the desire to avoid boredom is to ________ theory.

A) arousal;incentive
B) instinct;drive-reduction
C) incentive;instinct
D) drive-reduction;arousal

Question 26

Which of the following is most clearly NOT an example of an incentive?

A) social disapproval
B) a pornographic movie
C) a low blood glucose level
D) the smell of rotten eggs

Question 27

The arousal theory of motivation would be most helpful for explaining why

A) recreational skydivers jump out of airplanes.
B) hungry fishermen venture across dangerous ocean waters.
C) starving prisoners are preoccupied with thoughts of food.
D) sexually active teens learn to practice effective birth control.

Question 28

An incentive is a

A) rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of an entire species.
B) state of deprivation that triggers arousal.
C) positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
D) state of arousal triggered by deprivation.

Question 29

"A monetary bonus is obviously the best way to motivate someone to do a great job and take pride in their work." This statement best illustrates the concept of ________ in motivation.

A) incentives
B) self-actualization
C) drives
D) arousal

Question 30

Our bodies strive to maintain a steady internal state.One way that it can achieve this goal is through

A) instincts.
B) drive reduction.
C) arousal.
D) self-actualization.

Question 31

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law,the level of arousal typically associated with peak performance tends to be

A) lower on easy tasks.
B) higher on difficult tasks.
C) higher on well-learned tasks.
D) lower on well-learned tasks.

Question 32

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for explaining an infant's urge to

A) cry.
B) sleep.
C) eat.
D) explore.

Question 33

Danica's grades have recently dropped.She is reluctant to return a call from her parents because she is avoiding what will be a very unpleasant conversation.Danica's reluctance to call her parents can be explained by

A) instinct theory.
B) incentive theory.
C) drive-reduction theory.
D) hierarchy of needs theory.

Question 34

"Oh,man,that was awesome! Let's do it again!" Amelia said after skydiving.Which category of motivational theories would best explain Amelia's behavior?

A) arousal theory
B) incentive theory
C) drive-reduction theory
D) instinct theory

Question 35

The Yerkes-Dodson law refers to the tendency for optimal performance to be associated with

A) homeostasis.
B) moderate arousal.
C) achievement motivation.
D) the arcuate nucleus.

Question 36

Internal push is to external pull as ________ is to ________.

A) incentive;need
B) instinct;need
C) need;drive
D) need;incentive

Question 37

Randy enjoys highly risky,exciting activities such as cliff diving and wind surfing.He is always looking for the next exciting adventure and is bored very easily.Randy is

A) a sensation-seeker.
B) an instinct seeker
C) seeking incentives.
D) self-actualized.

Question 38

The influence of personal and cultural experiences on our wants and desires can most clearly be seen in the influence of ________ on motivation.

A) instincts
B) homeostasis
C) incentives
D) self-esteem needs

Question 39

Lessening of internal tension would be most closely associated with which theory of motivation?

A) instinct theory
B) incentive theory
C) drive-reduction theory
D) hierarchy of needs theory

Question 40

Which theory best explains why "sensation-seekers" are motivated to engage in risky recreational behaviors such as mountain climbing?

A) instinct theory
B) drive-reduction theory
C) hierarchy of needs theory
D) arousal theory

Question 41

Saul,who has not dated anyone since his girlfriend broke up with him,misses having a relationship.He has decided to participate in an Internet dating service.According to Maslow,Saul is motivated by

A) belongingness needs.
B) self-esteem needs.
C) self-transcendence needs.
D) self-actualization needs.

Question 42

Professor Jenkins tells his class that "self-esteem matters most in individualist cultures" and that "people have starved themselves for certain causes." Professor Jenkins' statements provide examples of criticisms of which theory of motivation?

A) arousal theory
B) the Yerkes-Dodson law
C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D) instinct theory

Question 43

Dr.Chen believes that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of stimulation.When the level is too low,we try to increase it by seeking out stimulating experiences.When it is too high,we seek to reduce arousal in a less stimulating environment.Dr.Chen's views are most consistent with

A) instinct theory.
B) arousal theory.
C) humanistic theory.
D) incentive theory.

Question 44

Dr.Gomez believes that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs that "push" us to behave in certain ways.Dr.Gomez's views are most consistent with ________ theory of motivation.

A) instinct
B) drive-reduction
C) incentive
D) arousal

Question 45

Jeff is a professional golfer.He has been disappointed with his recent performance,even though he feels really "psyched" to play.His sport psychologist tells him that he needs to reduce his arousal to a moderate level before he plays if he wants to improve his performance.Jeff's sport psychologist is basing his advice on

A) drive-reduction theory.
B) instinct theory.
C) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
D) incentive theory.

Question 46

Which theory focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors?

A) hierarchy of needs theory
B) evolutionary theory
C) drive-reduction theory
D) arousal theory

Question 47

A(n)________ is a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

A) instinct
B) incentive
C) drive
D) arousal

Question 48

Jenna works really hard in class so that she will earn good grades and be respected by her teacher and fellow students and feel accomplished.According to Maslow,Jenna is motivated by

A) belongingness needs.
B) self-esteem needs.
C) self-transcendence needs.
D) self-actualization needs.

Question 49

Abraham Maslow referred to the need to live up to one's fullest and unique potential as the need

A) hierarchy.
B) to belong.
C) for self-esteem.
D) for self-actualization.

Question 50

Need is to ________ as drive is to ________.

A) food deprivation;hunger
B) motivation;incentive
C) thirst;arousal
D) instinct;incentive

Question 51

Which theory focuses on finding the optimal level of stimulation?

A) evolutionary theory
B) instinct theory
C) drive-reduction theory
D) arousal theory

Question 52

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that people are unlikely to be motivated to obtain ________ if they are deprived of ________.

A) sexual gratification;self-esteem
B) good grades in school;love and safety
C) food and shelter;political freedom
D) friendship and love;religious fulfillment

Question 53

Abraham Maslow suggested that self-transcendence needs motivate people to strive for

A) self-esteem.
B) self-actualization.
C) transpersonal meaning.
D) individuality.

Question 54

Drive is to ________ as incentive is to ________.

A) "push";"pull"
B) instinct;"push"
C) "pull";"push"
D) motivation;instinct

Question 55

According to Maslow,our need for ________ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for ________.

A) food;love
B) self-esteem;adequate clothing
C) self-actualization;economic security
D) self-transcendence;self-actualization

Question 56

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs,hunger and thirst serve to

A) control arousal desires.
B) maintain homeostasis.
C) control species-typical behavior.
D) reduce an incentive.

Question 57

The desire to avoid boredom is to ________ theory as the desire to drink when thirsty is to ________ theory.

A) arousal;drive-reduction
B) drive-reduction;arousal
C) humanistic;incentive
D) incentive;humanistic

Question 58

Professor Sanford explains that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will be motivated to form close friendships with neighbors.Professor Sanford is providing an example of

A) incentives.
B) a hierarchy of needs.
C) homeostasis.
D) drives.

Question 59

Miguel wonders how his friend Diego can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school.When he asks about it,Diego replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming.Diego's explanation is most consistent with ________ theory of motivation.

A) instinct
B) drive-reduction
C) hierarchy of needs
D) arousal

Question 60

Home-life satisfaction is more strongly predictive of subjective well-being in wealthy nations than in poor ones.This fact would be most clearly anticipated by

A) arousal theory.
B) hierarchy of needs theory.
C) instinct theory.
D) evolutionary theory.

Question 61

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point,beyond which performance decreases is

A) drive-reduction theory.
B) homeostasis.
C) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
D) incentives.

Question 62

The relationship between various levels of arousal and effective task performance is described by

A) drive-reduction theory.
B) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
C) the hierarchy of needs theory.
D) instinct theory.

Question 63

Which theoretical perspective states that physiological needs must be met before higher-level safety needs and psychological needs can be achieved?

A) evolutionary theory
B) hierarchy of needs theory
C) drive-reduction theory
D) arousal theory

Question 64

An instinctive behavior is one that is

A) designed to reduce drives.
B) triggered by a sexual incentive.
C) similar in all living organisms.
D) unlearned.

Question 65

Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation.These include an emphasis on instincts,optimum arousal,a hierarchy of motives,and

A) drive reduction.
B) homeostasis.
C) sensation-seeking.
D) self-identity.

Question 66

The need or desire that energizes and directs behavior is the definition of

A) motivation.
B) homeostasis.
C) an emotion.
D) a set point.

Question 67

According to Abraham Maslow,________ is the need to find meaning and identity beyond the self.

A) self-transcendence
B) self-actualization
C) esteem
D) safety

Question 68

After spending years in the ocean,a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace.This behavior is an example of

A) homeostasis.
B) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
C) the hierarchy of needs.
D) an instinct.

Question 69

Mr.Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children.He obviously believes that aggression is a(n)

A) incentive.
B) homeostatic mechanism.
C) instinct.
D) drive.

Question 70

Aaron is motivated to engage in risky activities simply for the sake of the thrill they give him.His motivation is best explained by

A) arousal theory.
B) evolutionary theory.
C) drive-reduction theory.
D) instinct theory.

Question 71

________ theory of motivation claims that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.

A) Drive-reduction
B) Incentive
C) Arousal
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 72

Motivations arise from the interplay between ________,the bodily "push," and ________,the "pulls" from our personal experiences,thoughts,and culture.

A) nature;nurture
B) nurture;nature
C) nature;homeostasis
D) incentives;homeostasis

Question 73

A complex,unlearned,and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called a(n)

A) homeostasis.
B) drive.
C) instinct.
D) incentive.

Question 74

The view that some human motives are innate and due to genetic programming is a description of

A) instinct theories.
B) drive theories.
C) incentive theories.
D) humanistic theories.

Question 75

Some students work hard in school to attain high grades.This best illustrates the importance of

A) homeostasis.
B) instinct.
C) safety needs.
D) incentives.

Question 76

It is characteristic of bears to hibernate.This behavior is an example of

A) an instinct.
B) homeostasis.
C) an incentive.
D) a drive.

Question 77

Motivation is defined by psychologists as

A) an impulse to accomplish something of significance.
B) rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of all people.
C) a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.
D) the cause of behavior.

Question 78

Dr.Garcia is studying how drug addiction drives addicts to perform illegal acts to obtain drugs.Dr.Garcia's area of research is

A) emotion.
B) cognition.
C) motivation.
D) self-actualization.

Question 79

After working all afternoon cleaning up the attic,Mr.Dixon is very thirsty and drinks a big glass of orange juice.His motivation to drink in order to reduce his feeling of thirst can best be explained by

A) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
B) drive-reduction theory.
C) incentive theories.
D) arousal theory.

Question 80

Which theory of motivation most clearly emphasizes the importance of genetically predisposed behaviors?

A) drive-reduction theory
B) instinct theory
C) hierarchy of needs theory
D) arousal theory