Deck 29: Thinking

Question 1

Hereditary Genius is the title of a book authored by

A) James Flynn.
B) David Wechsler.
C) Francis Galton.
D) Alfred Binet.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The test that provides separate verbal comprehension,perceptual organization,working memory,and processing speed scores,as well as an overall intelligence score,is the

A) WAIS.
B) Stanford-Binet.
C) SAT Reasoning Test.
D) Achievement Test.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n)________ test.

A) aptitude
B) achievement
C) standardized
D) general intelligence

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Binet used the term mental age to refer to

A) the average chronological age of children who completed a particular grade in school.
B) the years of formal education successfully completed by a child.
C) the total number of items correctly answered on an intelligence test divided by the child's chronological age.
D) the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance.

Question 5

Binet's recommendation of "mental orthopedics" highlighted the potential role of ________ in intellectual ability.Terman's sympathy with "eugenics" highlighted the potential role of ________ in intellectual ability.

A) brain size;neural processing speed
B) biological inheritance;educational training
C) nature;nurture
D) educational training;biological inheritance

Question 6

One of the 15 subtests included in the latest edition of the ________ involves remembering and correctly sequencing a series of numbers and letters.

A) SAT.
B) GRE.
C) WAIS.
D) Stanford-Binet.

Question 7

Aptitude tests are specifically designed to

A) predict ability to learn a new skill.
B) compare an individual's abilities with those of highly successful people.
C) assess learned knowledge or skills.
D) assess the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

Question 8

Terman's support for ________ was linked to his belief in the biological inheritance of intelligence.

A) factor analysis
B) test standardization
C) the eugenics movement
D) a 10-year rule

Question 9

An intelligence test is best described as a method designed to assess

A) academic achievement.
B) mental aptitudes.
C) inherited skills.
D) chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 10

Molly has just taken a test of her capacity to learn to be a computer programmer.This is an example of an ________ test.

A) IQ Test
B) achievement
C) interest
D) aptitude

Question 11

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

A) academic aptitude.
B) achievement.
C) general intelligence.
D) natural ability.

Question 12

Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called ________ tests.

A) mental age
B) aptitude
C) standardized
D) achievement

Question 13

The French government commissioned Alfred Binet to develop an intelligence test that would

A) demonstrate the innate intellectual superiority of western European races.
B) effectively distinguish between reading and language disabilities.
C) provide an objective measure of teaching effectiveness in the public school system.
D) reduce the need to rely on teachers' biased judgments of students' learning potential.

Question 14

Cindra achieved an intelligence test score of 100 on a current version of the Stanford-Binet test.This indicates that relative to other adults her age her intellectual abilities

A) are above average.
B) are average.
C) are below average.
D) cannot be measured.

Question 15

The WAIS was designed for testing ________ intelligence,whereas the WISC was designed for testing ________ intelligence.

A) children's;adults'
B) analytical;natural
C) adults';children's
D) Europeans';North Americans'

Question 16

Encouraging those of high intellectual ability to mate with one another was of most interest to

A) Alfred Binet.
B) William Stern.
C) David Wechsler.
D) Francis Galton.

Question 17

The original IQ formula would be LEAST appropriate for representing the intelligence test performance of

A) kindergartners.
B) grade school students.
C) middle school students.
D) university students.

Question 18

Assessing current competence is to ________ tests as predicting future performance is to ________ tests.

A) intelligence;standardized
B) aptitude;achievement
C) standardized;intelligence
D) achievement;aptitude

Question 19

In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren,Binet and Simon assumed that

A) the test would measure inherited,unchangeable abilities.
B) the test would yield an intelligence quotient consisting of chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100.
C) a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age.
D) measures of physical and sensory skills would be good predictors of school achievement.

Question 20

A survey of the history of intelligence testing reinforces the important lesson that

A) although science strives for objectivity,scientists can be influenced by their personal biases.
B) the experiment is the most powerful tool available for examining cause-effect relationships.
C) different theoretical perspectives on behavior may be complementary rather than competing.
D) scientists are more concerned with the development of theory than with its practical application.

Question 21

Raul has taken the GRE three times and his scores varied by only 10 points each time.Raul's test scores reflect the GRE's

A) standardization.
B) predictive validity.
C) reliability.
D) content validity.

Question 22

An increase in average intelligence test performance during the past decades would best illustrate why intelligence tests need

A) to be revised for predictive validity.
B) periodic restandardization.
C) reliability indices.
D) to be checked for content validity.

Question 23

The Flynn effect best illustrates that the process of intelligence testing requires up-to-date

A) content validity.
B) standardization samples.
C) reliability indices.
D) predictive validity.

Question 24

The distribution of body weights in the general adult human population forms a(n)

A) algorithm.
B) normal curve.
C) representative sample.
D) standardized group.

Question 25

Dr.Bronfman has administered her new 100-item test of abstract reasoning to a large sample of students.She is presently comparing their scores on the odd-numbered questions with those on the even-numbered questions in an effort to

A) determine the test's validity.
B) determine the test's reliability.
C) standardize the test.
D) provide a normal distribution of scores.

Question 26

A bell-shaped pattern that characterizes the distribution of a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of

A) the intelligence quotient.
B) a normal curve.
C) the Flynn effect.
D) general intelligence.

Question 27

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternate forms of the same test in order to measure the ________ of the test.

A) content validity
B) predictive validity
C) normal distribution
D) reliability

Question 28

Your score on the WAIS does not indicate how well you control your impulses or deal effectively with social conflict.This best illustrates that intelligence is

A) impossible to measure with any reliability.
B) unrelated to the speed of cognitive processing.
C) a collection of distinctly different abilities.
D) a joint function of nature and nurture.

Question 29

When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people,the test is said to be

A) reliable.
B) standardized.
C) valid.
D) normally distributed.

Question 30

Dr.Renk is testing the reliability of an assessment she developed for testing depression.She divided her participants in half and gave one section the odd-questions and the other section the even-questions of the test.Which type of reliability is she testing?

A) correlation
B) test-retest
C) split-half
D) criterion

Question 31

Professor Stott is examining the reliability of the final exam she gives to her class.She gives half of the students one version of the text and the other half a different version of the test.Which type of reliability is she testing?

A) correlation
B) test-retest
C) split-half
D) criterion

Question 32

Dr.Benthem reports that the scores of 100 male and 100 female students on his new test of mechanical reasoning form a normal curve.From his statement we may conclude that

A) the average male score was better than the average female score.
B) the students were simply guessing at the answers.
C) the average score on the test was 50 percent correct.
D) relatively few students' scores deviated extremely from the groups' average score.

Question 33

About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 70 and 130.

A) 30
B) 60
C) 70
D) 95

Question 34

The normal curve is often described as

A) circular.
B) bell-shaped.
C) standardized.
D) nonsymmetrical.

Question 35

Dr.Zimmer has designed a test to measure golfers' knowledge of their sport's history.To interpret scores on the test,he is presently administering it to a representative sample of all golfers.Dr.Zimmer is clearly in the process of

A) establishing the test's validity.
B) establishing the Flynn effect.
C) standardizing the test.
D) establishing the test's reliability.

Question 36

Andrea is conducting a study measuring the effectiveness of a new drug to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).She has to select a scale that will consistently provide objective data about OCD symptoms on a weekly basis.Andrea needs the scale to provide consistent results that gradually change only in response to the positive effects of the drug.Andrea needs a scale with good

A) standardization.
B) predictive validity.
C) reliability.
D) content validity.

Question 37

Dr.Walsh has designed a test to measure eleventh-graders' knowledge of American history.To ensure that the test represents eleventh-graders in the United States,he is standardizing the test by

A) correlating their scores on two halves of the test.
B) measuring its Flynn effect.
C) giving it to a representative sample of eleventh-graders.
D) establishing a criterion behavior to test.

Question 38

Carlise's doctor suspects that she may have had a stroke.So,he has arranged for her to take a test that assesses her verbal comprehension.The test she is taking is the

A) WAIS.
B) Stanford-Binet.
C) WISC.
D) GRE.

Question 39

The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called

A) the bell curve.
B) the normal curve.
C) standardization.
D) the Flynn effect.

Question 40

A test is reliable if it

A) measures what it claims to measure or predicts what it is supposed to predict.
B) yields dependably consistent scores.
C) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test.
D) produces a normal distribution of scores.

Question 41

The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by

A) James Flynn.
B) Francis Galton.
C) Lewis Terman.
D) David Wechsler.

Question 42

The correlation is likely to be lowest between the

A) Stanford-Binet IQ scores and grades of elementary-school children.
B) Wechsler intelligence scores and grades of high school students.
C) SAT scores and grades of first-year college students.
D) GRE scores and grades of graduate students.

Question 43

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict is called

A) content validity.
B) predictive validity.
C) split-half reliability.
D) test-retest reliability.

Question 44

A test has a high degree of validity if it

A) measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict.
B) yields consistent results every time it is used.
C) produces a normal distribution of scores.
D) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test.

Question 45

A test designed to assess whether newly graduated medical students should be granted the legal right to practice medicine would most likely be considered a(n)________ test.

A) WAIS
B) aptitude
C) IQ
D) achievement

Question 46

The relatively narrow range of intelligence among the college seniors who take the Graduate Record Exam serves to ________ the ________ of the Graduate Record Exam.

A) increase;reliability
B) decrease;predictive validity
C) increase;normal distribution
D) decrease;standardization sample

Question 47

When retested on the WAIS,people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely.This indicates that the test has a high degree of

A) reliability.
B) content validity.
C) eugenics.
D) predictive validity.

Question 48

The first modern test of intelligence was developed in

A) Germany.
B) Britain.
C) France.
D) Italy.

Question 49

University grades are used to assess the ________ of the SAT.

A) test-retest reliability
B) reliability
C) standardization
D) predictive validity

Question 50

Increasing years of schooling over the last half-century have most likely contributed to

A) stereotype threat.
B) the Flynn effect.
C) family-environment effect.
D) eugenics.

Question 51

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude,Professor Reed first administered the test to a representative sample of people.This was most clearly necessary for test

A) standardization.
B) reliability.
C) predictive validity.
D) validity.

Question 52

A high school counselor gave Amy a test designed to predict whether she could learn to become a successful architect.Amy most likely took a(n)________ test.

A) aptitude
B) eugenics
C) achievement
D) IQ

Question 53

Some hereditarians have been fearful that higher twentieth-century birth rates among those with lower intelligence scores would shove average intelligence scores progressively downward.This fear has been most directly alleviated by the discovery of

A) mental ages.
B) the g factor.
C) content validity.
D) the Flynn effect.

Question 54

Mary's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly six pounds.The scale has ________ reliability and ________ validity.

A) low;high
B) high;low
C) low;low
D) high;high

Question 55

A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admissions test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school.The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is

A) standardized.
B) valid.
C) reliable.
D) normally distributed.

Question 56

Who attempted to assess intellectual strengths by measuring reaction time,muscular power,sensory acuity,and body proportions?

A) Lewis Terman
B) Alfred Binet
C) Charles Spearman
D) Francis Galton

Question 57

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression,it suggests that the test

A) has not been standardized.
B) is not valid.
C) is not reliable.
D) scores are correlated.

Question 58

Which test has been demonstrated to be a highly reliable measure?

A) Stanford-Binet
B) WAIS
C) WISC
D) All of these tests have proven to be highly reliable.

Question 59

After learning about his low score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Gunter complained,"I don't believe that test is a measure of intelligence at all." Gunter's statement is equivalent to saying that the WAIS lacks

A) standardization.
B) reliability.
C) validity.
D) a normal distribution.

Question 60

The correlation between intelligence test scores and annual income will probably be highest if computed for a group having test scores ranging from

A) 135 to 160.
B) 70 to 95.
C) 110 to 135.
D) 80 to 120.

Question 61

Psychologists use ________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.

A) eugenics
B) reliability coefficients
C) intelligence tests
D) the g factor

Question 62

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n)________ test.

A) reliability
B) achievement
C) aptitude
D) intelligence

Question 63

Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to

A) provide a quantitative estimate of inherited intellectual potential.
B) distinguish between verbal comprehension and working memory.
C) identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes.
D) assess general capacity for goal-directed adaptive behavior.

Question 64

Achievement tests are designed to

A) measure the desire and potential capacity to successfully meet challenges.
B) assess ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
C) compare an individual's personality with those of highly successful people.
D) assess learned knowledge or skills.

Question 65

Stephie has to take the SAT exam for her applications to graduate schools.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the SAT exam and general intelligence?

A) The SAT is a biased exam and is not indicative of general intelligence.
B) Scores on the SAT and general intelligence have been found to be negatively correlated.
C) Scores on the SAT and general intelligence are weakly correlated.
D) Scores on the SAT and general intelligence have a strong positive correlation.

Question 66

The nineteenth-century English scientist Sir Francis Galton believed that

A) mental abilities cannot be measured.
B) superior intelligence is biologically inherited.
C) academic aptitude measures chronological age rather than mental age.
D) intelligence test performance depends on motivation rather than ability.

Question 67

To determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow,Binet and Simon assessed the child's

A) natural ability.
B) average score on an IQ test.
C) mental age.
D) cultural background.

Question 68

To assess mental age,Binet and Simon measured children's

A) head size.
B) reasoning and problem-solving skills.
C) muscular power.
D) neural processing speed.

Question 69

In the early twentieth century,the U.S.government developed intelligence tests to evaluate newly arriving immigrants.Poor test scores among immigrants who were not of Anglo-Saxon heritage were attributed by some psychologists of that day to

A) stereotype threat.
B) innate mental inferiority.
C) savant syndrome.
D) differences in cultural experiences.

Question 70

The Stanford-Binet,a revision of the original French intelligence test for use with English-speaking California schoolchildren,was first developed by

A) Francis Galton.
B) David Wechsler.
C) Lewis Terman.
D) James Flynn.

Question 71

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n)________ test.

A) achievement
B) reliability
C) aptitude
D) intelligence

Question 72

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the

A) extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity.
B) need to standardize intelligence tests.
C) possibility of predicting people's academic success from intelligence test scores.
D) definition of mental age.

Question 73

Tests designed to predict the ability to learn new skills are called

A) interest inventories.
B) criterion tests.
C) standardized assessments.
D) aptitude tests.

Question 74

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet,IQ was defined as

A) mental age multiplied by 100.
B) chronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100.
C) chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100.
D) mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

Question 75

Although Francis Galton was not able to develop a simple measure of intelligence,he can be credited with providing psychological science with

A) achievement tests.
B) the concept of mental age.
C) the intelligence quotient.
D) the phrase of nature versus nurture.

Question 76

If course exams assess a student's mastery of a representative sample of course material,they are said to

A) be reliable.
B) have content validity.
C) be standardized.
D) have predictive validity.

Question 77

Aptitude tests are to ________ as achievement tests are to ________.

A) current interests;past competence
B) past competence;current interests
C) current competence;future performance
D) future performance;current competence

Question 78

Comparing the academic performance of those whose scores are extremely low on intelligence tests with those whose scores are extremely high is an effective way to highlight the tests'

A) standardization.
B) test-retest reliability.
C) reliability.
D) validity.

Question 79

Who would have been the LEAST enthusiastic about relying on eugenics for the improvement of human intellectual functioning?

A) Francis Galton
B) Alfred Binet
C) Lewis Terman
D) Charles Darwin

Question 80

The eugenics movement would have been most likely to encourage

A) selective breeding of highly intelligent people.
B) creation of special education programs for intellectually inferior children.
C) construction of tests to measure a variety of intelligences.
D) use of factor analysis for identification of various types of intelligence.