Deck 5: The Brain

Question 1

After suffering a head injury,Amanda was taken to a medical clinic where recording electrodes were placed directly on Amanda's scalp to monitor her brain waves.The clinic was making use of a(n)

A) EEG.
B) PET scan.
C) MRI.
D) fMRI.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Because a growing tumor caused damage to his brain,Joseph had to be placed on a ventilator in order to maintain his breathing.The tumor most likely damaged Joseph's

A) hippocampus.
B) amygdala.
C) brainstem.
D) hypothalamus.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The medulla is the part of the brain that most directly regulates

A) language comprehension.
B) face recognition.
C) sexual motivation.
D) heartbeat and breathing.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Using magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer‑generated images of the brain's soft tissues is called a(n)

A) MRI scan.
B) EEG.
C) brain lesion.
D) PET scan.

Question 5

MRI scans have revealed that some patients with schizophrenia have unusually enlarged

A) brainstems.
B) ventricles.
C) limbic systems.
D) cerebellums.

Question 6

The brainstem structure located above the medulla that helps control sleep is called the

A) nucleus accumbens.
B) hippocampus.
C) amygdala.
D) pons.

Question 7

The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the

A) amygdala.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) hippocampus.

Question 8

The thalamus serves as a

A) memory bank.
B) reward center.
C) sensory control center.
D) master gland.

Question 9

In which brain structure are nerves from the left side of the brain routed to the right side of the body?

A) thalamus
B) cerebellum
C) amygdala
D) brainstem

Question 10

Magnetoencephalography is a technique in which

A) magnetic fields from the brain's natural electrical activity is measured.
B) brain waves that sweep across the surface of the brain are measured.
C) the consumption of glucose in a particular brain area is measured.
D) magnetic fields and radio waves produce computer-generated images of soft tissue.

Question 11

A loss of physical coordination and balance is most likely to result from damage to the

A) hypothalamus.
B) cerebellum.
C) hippocampus.
D) amygdala.

Question 12

The consumption of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n)

A) MRI.
B) brain lesion.
C) EEG.
D) PET scan.

Question 13

Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your

A) cerebellum.
B) hippocampus.
C) amygdala.
D) thalamus.

Question 14

To monitor the sequence in which blood flows to different regions of the brain,researchers are most likely to make use of a(n)

A) brain lesion.
B) fMRI.
C) electroencephalogram.
D) MRI.

Question 15

Andrea became highly aroused and alert when stung by a bee thanks to the activation of her

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) reticular formation.
D) nucleus accumbens.

Question 16

Linda is relaxing in a quiet room with her eyes closed,not thinking about anything in particular.During this time,an fMRI would most likely detect bloodflow through a web of different brain regions known as the

A) diffusion spectrum.
B) nucleus accumbens.
C) reticular formation.
D) default network.

Question 17

Which nerve network traveling through the brainstem plays an important role in controlling arousal?

A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) cerebellum
D) medulla

Question 18

The reticular formation extends from the spinal cord up through the

A) thalamus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) hippocampus.

Question 19

The oldest regions of the brain are those that regulate

A) memory.
B) emotion.
C) breathing.
D) foresight.

Question 20

A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue.

A) electrical stimulation
B) X-ray photography
C) radioactive bombardment
D) destruction

Question 21

The activity of the hypothalamus most directly influences

A) thirst.
B) muscular coordination.
C) memory.
D) vision.

Question 22

Some researchers believe that substance use disorders may result from

A) poor physical coordination skills.
B) enlarged ventricles.
C) high blood glucose levels.
D) a reward deficiency syndrome.

Question 23

The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________.

A) eating;sleeping
B) breathing;walking
C) emotion;motivation
D) memory;attention

Question 24

When people were shown happy and angry faces,their ________ was found to activate in response to the angry faces.

A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) basal ganglia
D) amygdala

Question 25

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

A) amygdala.
B) hippocampus.
C) cerebellum.
D) medulla.

Question 26

Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a

A) sleeping cat to awaken.
B) hungry cat to stop eating.
C) violent cat to become passive.
D) thirsty cat to drink.

Question 27

Olds and Milner found that a rat kept returning to a location where it had been stimulated by an electrode placed within its

A) reticular formation.
B) cerebellum.
C) hypothalamus.
D) pons.

Question 28

Newer research reveals that stimulating the brain's reward circuits in humans produces more ________than pure enjoyment.

A) desire
B) fatigue
C) agitation
D) pain relief

Question 29

Which of the following would be particularly useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations?

A) a brain lesion
B) enlarged ventricles
C) a PET scan
D) an MRI scan

Question 30

The amygdala,hypothalamus,and hippocampus are part of the

A) brainstem.
B) limbic system.
C) reticular formation.
D) cerebral hemispheres.

Question 31

Becky feels dizzy often and has trouble keeping her balance.Which brain structure is associated with this function?

A) cerebral cortex
B) cerebellum
C) amygdala
D) pons

Question 32

The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the

A) reticular formation.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) cerebellum.

Question 33

The nucleus accumbens has been identified as a

A) sensory control center.
B) memory bank.
C) reward center.
D) source of aggression.

Question 34

Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?

A) amygdala
B) thalamus
C) nucleus accumbens
D) hypothalamus

Question 35

Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to

A) insomnia.
B) substance use disorders.
C) schizophrenia.
D) Parkinson's disease.

Question 36

If Professor Kosiba surgically removed the amygdala of a laboratory rat,the rat would most likely become

A) hungry.
B) sexually aroused.
C) physically uncoordinated.
D) less aggressive.

Question 37

To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name,researchers would make use of a(n)

A) MRI.
B) PET scan.
C) EEG.
D) brain lesion.

Question 38

One study has found math anxiety to be associated with hyperactivity in the right

A) hippocampus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) cerebellum.

Question 39

Conscious memories are associated with which brain structure?

A) amygdala
B) hippocampus
C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus

Question 40

Janessa suffered a stroke that destroyed a specific part of her limbic system.Although she remembers events prior to her illness,she is unable to form new memories of her daily experiences.Janessa has most likely suffered damage to the

A) thalamus.
B) hippocampus.
C) hypothalamus.
D) amygdala.

Question 41

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)

A) EEG.
B) diffusion spectrum.
C) lesion.
D) MRI.

Question 42

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) hippocampus.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 43

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task,researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)

A) fMRI.
B) microelectrode insertion.
C) MRI.
D) brain lesion.

Question 44

A technique that allows neuroscientists to control the activity of individual neurons is called

A) lesioning.
B) optogenetics.
C) an EEG.
D) a MEG.

Question 45

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n)

A) fMRI.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.

Question 46

To identify which of Lucy's brain areas was most active when she talked,neuroscientists gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and a(n)

A) fMRI.
B) PET scan.
C) EEG.
D) MRI scan.

Question 47

The release of gamma waves from radioactive blood sugar in different regions of the brain is detected by

A) an MRI scan.
B) an EEG.
C) a PET scan.
D) fMRI.

Question 48

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?

A) thalamus
B) amygdala
C) medulla
D) cerebellum

Question 49

Which technique measures fields from the brain's natural electrical activity?

A) lesion
B) optogenetics
C) EEG
D) MEG

Question 50

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n)

A) EEG.
B) MRI.
C) PET scan.
D) brain lesion.

Question 51

The limbic system's hippocampus

A) coordinates body movement and balance.
B) regulates hunger and thirst.
C) plays a central role in fear and rage.
D) helps process explicit memories for storage.

Question 52

After suffering an accidental brain injury,Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner.She has probably suffered damage to her

A) amygdala
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) corpus callosum.

Question 53

Dr.Rapport conducts research to better understand how different regions of the brain work together.He is also interested in the causes of psychological disorders.Which of the following techniques is he likely to implement in his research?

A) analyses of functional connectivity
B) optogenetics
C) MEG
D) PsychENCODE

Question 54

The sequence of brain regions from the oldest to newest is

A) limbic system,brainstem,cerebral cortex.
B) brainstem,cerebral cortex,limbic system.
C) limbic system,cerebral cortex,brainstem.
D) brainstem,limbic system,cerebral cortex.

Question 55

When the brain is unoccupied,an fMRI indicates that blood continues to flow via a web of brain regions called the

A) reticular formation.
B) nucleus accumbens.
C) default network.
D) diffusion spectrum.

Question 56

The ________ project enables researchers to examine differences between the brains of healthy people and those with various disorders.

A) optogenetics
B) diffusion spectrum imaging
C) PsychENCODE
D) MRI

Question 57

The brain's oldest region is the

A) hippocampus.
B) amygdala.
C) brainstem.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 58

The $40 million Human Connectome Project harnesses ________ technology to map neural connections across long distances within the brain.

A) positron emission tomography
B) electroencephalogram
C) diffusion spectrum imaging
D) microelectrode insertion

Question 59

Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic fields and ________ to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue.

A) radio waves
B) brain lesions
C) a radioactive form of glucose
D) electrodes placed on the scalp

Question 60

To detect Mr.Ziegler's loss of brain tissue from a degenerative disease,his physicians are most likely to request that he receive a(n)

A) EEG.
B) MRI scan.
C) brain lesion.
D) PET scan.

Question 61

Along with the basal ganglia,the ________ enables nonverbal learning and skill memory.

A) amygdala
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) nucleus accumbens

Question 62

Jason lost his sense of taste due to a tumor that caused damage to a structure located on top of his brainstem.This structure is known as the

A) amygdala.
B) thalamus.
C) medulla.
D) hippocampus.

Question 63

With assistance from the ________,the cerebellum coordinates ________.

A) hypothalamus;hunger and thirst
B) amygdala;heartbeat and breathing
C) pons;voluntary movement
D) medulla;fear and rage

Question 64

The part of the brainstem that helps to coordinate movements is called the

A) nucleus accumbens.
B) hippocampus.
C) amygdala.
D) pons.

Question 65

The reticular formation is a nerve network that travels from the ________ into the thalamus.

A) spinal cord
B) amygdala
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum

Question 66

Human brain complexity arises from new systems built on top of older ones.The remnants of humanity's most distant past involve components of the

A) amygdala.
B) hippocampus.
C) brainstem.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 67

Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to

A) become violently aggressive.
B) cower in fear.
C) experience convulsive seizures.
D) lapse into a coma.

Question 68

The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the

A) cerebellum.
B) medulla.
C) amygdala.
D) thalamus.

Question 69

Conscious information processing is LEAST likely to be required for the automatic physical survival functions regulated by the

A) hippocampus.
B) thalamus.
C) brainstem.
D) amygdala.

Question 70

The brain structure that acts as a sensory control center is the

A) medulla.
B) cerebellum.
C) thalamus.
D) hippocampus.

Question 71

After Kato's serious motorcycle accident,doctors detected damage to his cerebellum.Kato is most likely to have difficulty

A) reading printed words.
B) understanding what others are saying.
C) tasting the flavors of foods.
D) playing his guitar.

Question 72

If your ________ is destroyed,the left side of your brain could not control the movements of your right hand.

A) brainstem
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) hypothalamus

Question 73

Information from higher brain regions is transmitted to the medulla through the

A) hypothalamus.
B) hippocampus.
C) amygdala.
D) thalamus.

Question 74

Brandon has trouble sleeping regularly.He has difficulty falling asleep and then staying asleep.On average,he gets 4 hours of sleep each night.His ________ may not be functioning properly.

A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) reticular formation
D) pons

Question 75

Which brain structure receives information from all of the senses except smell?

A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) pons
D) thalamus

Question 76

Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when,for example,you accidentally stumble over another person's misplaced pair of shoes?

A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) amygdala
D) hippocampus

Question 77

Which baseball-sized structure at the rear of the brainstem serves many functions,including helping you to judge time and to discriminate sounds and textures?

A) amygdala
B) cerebellum
C) hippocampus
D) corpus callosum

Question 78

A neural system at the border between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the

A) pons.
B) limbic system.
C) reticular formation.
D) medulla.

Question 79

Basic automatic survival functions,such as heartbeat and breathing,are controlled by the

A) pons.
B) brainstem.
C) thalamus.
D) reticular formation.

Question 80

The ________ relays messages between lower brain centers and the cerebral cortex.

A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) reticular formation
D) pons