Deck 49: Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Question 1

Bob,who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder,is at increased for developing

A) high blood pressure.
B) insomnia.
C) high cholesterol.
D) diabetes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Julie experiences an overwhelming fear of entering a crowded airplane or movie theater because she thinks she might become anxious and feel trapped.Julie most clearly suffers from

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) social anxiety disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions.Manuel appears to suffer from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) social anxiety disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Lou Ann has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder called agoraphobia.Lou Ann has an intense fear of

A) heights.
B) having a panic attack in a public place.
C) her home.
D) lightning.

Question 5

Which of the following disorders is most often characterized by the avoidance of situations in which panic may strike?

A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) free-floating anxiety
C) agoraphobia
D) specific phobia

Question 6

Indira,a third-grade teacher,frequently suffers from dizziness,heart palpitations,and fatigue.She is also continually agitated and unable to relax outside the classroom,but she cannot pinpoint a reason for her problems.Her behavior is most indicative of

A) social anxiety disorder.
B) a phobia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 7

Sudden,intense,and short-lived anxiety is to ________ as ongoing,persistent,and global anxiety is to ________.

A) specific phobia;social anxiety disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder;panic disorder
C) agoraphobia;specific phobia
D) panic disorder;generalized anxiety disorder

Question 8

Because the anxiety can be attached to virtually any object or to none at all,generalized anxiety is sometimes referred to as

A) free-floating anxiety.
B) compulsive anxiety.
C) agoraphobia.
D) posttraumatic stress.

Question 9

An incapacitating and highly distressing fear of being embarrassed in the presence of others is most characteristic of

A) panic disorder.
B) social anxiety disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 10

Darlene is constantly nervous,tense,and apprehensive.She worries about her health,her job,her children,and her relatives.Her husband has tried to reassure her that everything is going well,but she can't seem to shake her pervasive anxiety.Darlene is probably experiencing

A) normal anxiety.
B) agoraphobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 11

George developed generalized anxiety disorder when he was in his mid-twenties.As he got older he developed some physical problems as a result of generalized anxiety disorder.Now that he is approaching late adulthood,his emotions have mellowed some.At what age is it less likely for him to have generalized anxiety disorder?

A) 35
B) 40
C) 50
D) 70

Question 12

Panic attacks are most closely associated with

A) depression.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) traumatic brain injuries.
D) compulsions.

Question 13

Anxiety is considered disordered if it is

A) persistent and distressing.
B) hard to control.
C) genetically influenced.
D) a biopsychosocial phenomenon.

Question 14

Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath,trembling,dizziness,or irregular heartbeat are most characteristic of

A) free-floating anxiety.
B) panic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 15

An overwhelming fear of entering a crowded bus or elevator would be most characteristic of someone who suffers from

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) free-floating anxiety.
C) agoraphobia.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 16

A person who has agoraphobia is most likely to

A) avoid dust and dirt.
B) stay away from fire.
C) avoid household pets.
D) avoid being outside his or her home.

Question 17

In which of the following disorders is a person continually tense,apprehensive,and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) phobia
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) survivor resiliency

Question 18

Dana has experienced a number of unpredictable,short periods in which she suddenly feels terrified and thinks she is going to faint.Dana is most likely suffering from

A) social anxiety disorder.
B) depression.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 19

Which of the following people may have a symptom of an anxiety disorder?

A) Jonah worries that he may not be able to make his car payment this month.
B) Mariah is anxious about an upcoming graduate school interview.
C) Cindra unjustifiably worries uncontrollably,continually,and persistently about a variety of things.
D) Daniel has lost sleep over concerns about his mother,who recently suffered a stroke.

Question 20

Generalized anxiety disorder is often accompanied by

A) obsessions.
B) depression.
C) epigenetics.
D) compulsions.

Question 21

Before leaving her home,Margaret makes sure that every electrical appliance is unplugged and checks that every window and door is securely locked.She checks everything 17 times according to a strict ritual that she has worked out.If she misses one window,door,or appliance,she must begin all over again.If she tries to skip any step of the ritual,she experiences unbearable anxiety.Margaret is probably suffering from

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 22

After Charles Darwin began suffering panic disorder,he lived in relative seclusion and traveled only in his wife's company.His panic disorder was apparently accompanied by

A) depression.
B) agoraphobia.
C) free-floating anxiety.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 23

Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and savor the joy of each new day best illustrate

A) stimulus generalization.
B) epigenetics.
C) posttraumatic growth.
D) hypervigilance.

Question 24

Malik has an irrational fear of dogs.He refuses to visit friends with dogs or watch television programs with dogs,and he takes a very specific route when running in order to avoid dogs.Malik suffers from

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) a specific phobia.
C) social anxiety disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 25

Repeated distressing dreams and intrusive memories of an intensely fearful and life-threatening experience are symptoms most commonly associated with

A) panic disorder.
B) agoraphobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 26

Ravi brushes his teeth 18 times a day.Each time,he uses exactly 83 strokes up and 83 strokes down.After he eats,he must brush twice with two different brands of toothpaste.Ravi suffers from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) a phobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.

Question 27

Catherine was home alone one evening when someone broke into her home and robbed her.While this experience was traumatizing,she feels she has become a stronger person because of it.She is demonstrating

A) posttraumatic growth.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) obsessive thoughts.
D) a specific phobia.

Question 28

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by

A) a fear of being embarrassed in a public situation.
B) repetitive,intrusive,and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
C) a persistent,irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
D) unpredictable,minutes-long episodes of dread.

Question 29

Jeremy experiences so much anxiety about taking the elevator that he climbs 10 flights of stairs to get to his office each workday.Jeremy appears to suffer from

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) social anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 30

The social withdrawal,jumpy anxiety,and numbness of feeling experienced by survivors of life-threatening tornados,for example,best illustrates symptoms of

A) DID.
B) ADHD.
C) OCD.
D) PTSD.

Question 31

While driving to work Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant.Throughout the day,the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head.Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of

A) free-floating anxiety.
B) a phobia.
C) an obsession.
D) a compulsion.

Question 32

Chelsea worries constantly that her son will be infected with germs when someone touches him.She has developed elaborate handwashing rituals so that she won't infect him,and she will not allow others to hold,talk,or play with him unless she can supervise as they wash their hands with a "special" soap.Chelsea is suffering from

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 33

Ron has recovered from a bullet wound that he suffered as an innocent bystander during a violent bank robbery.But he has begun to experience trouble sleeping,is easily startled,and feels increasingly detached from his family and friends.Ron is most clearly showing symptoms of

A) agoraphobia.
B) social anxiety disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) survivor resiliency.

Question 34

Repeatedly checking to see if your stove is turned off is to ________ as repeatedly thinking you might try to set your own house on fire is to ________.

A) depression;panic
B) compulsion;obsession
C) panic;compulsion
D) obsession;compulsion

Question 35

The capacity to recover from traumatic stressful experiences best illustrates survivor

A) tolerance.
B) resiliency.
C) obsessions.
D) compulsions.

Question 36

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by

A) a persistent,irrational fear of a specific object,activity,or situation.
B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy the person.
C) a continuous state of tension,apprehension,and autonomic nervous system arousal.
D) excessive and uncontrollable worry.

Question 37

Although the DSM-5 classifies posttraumatic stress disorder separately from disorders such as panic disorder,this disorder does involve

A) phobias.
B) agoraphobia.
C) OCD.
D) anxiety.

Question 38

Compulsions are best described as

A) persistent fears.
B) repetitive behaviors.
C) traumatic thoughts.
D) false beliefs.

Question 39

Although experiencing severely traumatic events may lead to PTSD,it is also likely to lead to

A) phobias.
B) stimulus generalization.
C) arachnophobia.
D) increased personal strength.

Question 40

Compared with nonsmokers,smokers have at least a doubled risk of experiencing

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) panic attacks.
D) depression.

Question 41

Research indicates that

A) some people are more genetically predisposed than others to develop anxiety disorders,OCD,and PTSD.
B) generalized anxiety disorder is more common than specific phobia.
C) people,but not animals,may acquire fear through observational learning.
D) phobic reactions to cats are much more common than to dogs.

Question 42

After lab-reared monkeys saw their parents fearfully avoid reaching for food located near a snake,the younger monkeys developed a strong fear of snakes.The younger monkeys' fear of snakes best illustrated the impact of

A) conditioning.
B) learning through observation.
C) repression.
D) epigenetics.

Question 43

Dogs come to fear neutral stimuli associated with shock.This best illustrates

A) epigenetics.
B) posttraumatic growth.
C) survivor resiliency.
D) conditioning.

Question 44

A monkey responds more strongly to stress if its close biological relatives

A) have sensitive brain circuits.
B) are anxiously reactive.
C) have been conditioned to avoid stress.
D) are resilient.

Question 45

The process of reinforcement leads those with obsessive-compulsive disorder to frequently repeat their compulsive behaviors.This is an example of

A) the biological perspective.
B) epigenetics.
C) conditioning.
D) genetics.

Question 46

A therapist suggests that Mr.Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past.The therapist's suggestion most clearly an example of

A) the biological perspective.
B) genetics.
C) epigenetics.
D) reinforcement.

Question 47

A rape victim may experience a panic attack when she sees anyone wearing a coat that resembles the one worn by her attacker.This reaction best illustrates the process of

A) observational learning.
B) reinforcement.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) epigenetics.

Question 48

A therapist claims that Luke's irrational fear of snakes results from repressed childhood feelings of hostility toward his own father.The therapist's interpretation reflects a ________ perspective.

A) biopsychosocial
B) psychoanalytic
C) biological
D) conditioning

Question 49

A therapist suggests that Mr.Ozawa's fear of darkness can probably be traced back to his early childhood when he was occasionally beaten and locked up in a small,dark closet by an older brother.The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) conditioning
B) psychoanalytic
C) genetic
D) biological

Question 50

As infants become mobile and experience falls,they become increasingly afraid of heights.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on fear.

A) epigenetics
B) observational learning
C) conditioning
D) repression

Question 51

Alex misinterpreted the irregular heartbeat that accompanied his panic attack as indicating heart disease and so became unnecessarily hypervigilant to any potentially stressful events.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in anxiety disorders.

A) repression
B) cognitive processes
C) observation
D) genetics

Question 52

A learning theory would emphasize that ________ leads those with obsessive-compulsive disorder to frequently repeat their compulsive behaviors.

A) genetics
B) a repressed memory
C) reinforcement
D) epigenetics

Question 53

Research has found that those who have experienced abuse as a child may be at an increased risk for developing PTSD if they experience trauma as an adult because of ________ (organic molecules that attach to chromosomes to turn specific genes on or off. )

A) epigenetic marks
B) stimulus generalization
C) the anterior cingulate cortex
D) the amygdala

Question 54

After watching her sister's fearful response to the sight of a spider,Kerri became intensely fearful of spiders.This best illustrates that a specific phobia can be learned through

A) reinforcement.
B) stimulus generalization.
C) epigenetics.
D) observational learning.

Question 55

Even when raised separately,identical twins may develop similar phobias.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on anxiety disorders.

A) stimulus generalization
B) genetic influences
C) resiliency
D) operant conditioning

Question 56

Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the

A) amygdala.
B) thalamus.
C) hypothalamus.
D) anterior cingulate cortex.

Question 57

Warren is obsessed with thoughts of being harmed and feels compelled to repeatedly check and recheck the already locked doors and windows of his house.A therapist suggests that his compulsive checking has become so persistent because it temporarily relieves his anxiety.This suggestion highlights the impact of ________ on Warren's compulsive behavior.

A) epigenetics
B) observational learning
C) reinforcement
D) stimulus generalization

Question 58

Some genes influence anxiety disorders by regulating levels of neurotransmitters such as ________,which influences activity in the brain's alarm center.

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) amygdala
D) glutamate

Question 59

Anxiety is best described as a

A) feeling.
B) cognition.
C) both a feeling and a cognition.
D) neither a feeling nor a cognition.

Question 60

Those who emphasize the ways in which people learn disordered behavior have suggested that compulsive behaviors are

A) habitual defenses against unconscious impulses.
B) reinforced by anxiety reduction.
C) conditioned habits.
D) unconditioned responses to stress.

Question 61

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children,Mr.Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job.Mr.Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) survivor resiliency.

Question 62

According to Professor Kang,fear responses pave neural pathways that are more readily activated by later anxiety-producing experiences.The professor's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) genetic
B) biological
C) conditioning
D) psychoanalytic

Question 63

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

A) agoraphobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) social anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 64

Several times in the past two months,Petra has experienced a racing heart,intense fear that something horrible is about to happen,and an inability to breathe.Petra most likely suffers from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) panic attacks.
C) phobias.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 65

Although World War II air raids were extremely traumatic for those who experienced them,few of these people developed lasting phobic reactions to overhead planes.This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

A) conditioning
B) psychoanalytic
C) biological
D) psychological

Question 66

James fears flying.His wife tells him that his fear is rooted in his biological predisposition to fear confinement and heights.Which theoretical perspective does she likely agree with?

A) psychodynamic
B) conditioning
C) evolutionary
D) cognitive

Question 67

Jim and James are identical twins who were separated at birth.As an adult,Jim developed OCD.What can be expected regarding James?

A) He will develop a phobia.
B) He is more likely to develop OCD.
C) He is less likely to develop OCD.
D) He is likely to develop PTSD.

Question 68

The idea that we are biologically programmed to fear threats faced by our ancestors can help explain phobias related to all of the following EXCEPT

A) spiders.
B) snakes.
C) heights.
D) bombs falling from the sky.

Question 69

It is easy to condition and hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors.This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

A) conditioning
B) psychoanalytic
C) biological
D) epigenetic

Question 70

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension,sleeplessness,and an inability to concentrate.Lenore most likely suffers from

A) a phobia.
B) agoraphobia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 71

Mr.Santo has not left his home for 10 years for fear of having a panic attack.When he does think of leaving his home,he begins to hyperventilate,shake,and experience chest pains.Mr.Santo has the symptoms of

A) panic disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 72

Anxiety disorders,OCD,and PTSD reflect a brain danger-detection system that is

A) repressing.
B) hyperactive
C) impulsive.
D) hallucinating.

Question 73

Without success,Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work.Her experience is most symptomatic of

A) panic disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 74

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable,he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day.Mark appears to suffer from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) social anxiety disorder.
C) a phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 75

Taryn,who was sexually assaulted,experiences frequent nightmares and has withdrawn from her family and friends.Since the attack,she has difficulty sleeping and can no longer hold down a job.Taryn's symptoms indicate that she has

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.

Question 76

Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety?

A) The night before his final exam,Bill is unable to sleep because he is worried about doing well on the test.
B) For the past several weeks,Mavis has been unable to sleep or concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school,even though she knows that he's safe.
C) Seth is upset because his girlfriend told him she wants to start dating other guys,and he is afraid that she will break up with him.
D) Barbara has just found out that her company has been sold,and she is very worried that she might lose her job.

Question 77

Daniel spends each morning counting every book in his personal library,as well as every kitchen utensil and dish before he will leave for work.He repeats the process when he comes home.He recognizes that this is irrational,but he becomes extremely agitated when he tries to stop.Daniel's behaviors are most symptomatic of

A) a panic disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 78

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

A) stimulus generalization.
B) an anxiety disorder.
C) survivor resiliency.
D) epigenetics.

Question 79

Which of the following are disorders that involve anxiety but are NOT classified as anxiety disorders?

A) OCD and PTSD
B) GAD and Panic disorder
C) GAD and PTSD
D) Phobias and Panic disorder

Question 80

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake.Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child.The therapist's suggestion reflects a(n)________ perspective.

A) psychoanalytic
B) biological
C) conditioning
D) epigenetic