Deck 14: Hearing

Question 1

The immaturity of an infant's nervous system is best demonstrated by its limited

A) accommodation.
B) number of brain cells.
C) imprinting.
D) neural networks.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Mr.and Mrs.Batson can't wait to begin toilet training their 1-year-old daughter.The Batsons most clearly need to be told about the importance of

A) imprinting.
B) conservation.
C) maturation.
D) object permanence.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

At age 10,Cameron is unable to remember the dramatic car accident he was in or the injuries he suffered when he was almost 3 years old.This best illustrates

A) an insecure attachment.
B) infantile amnesia.
C) stranger anxiety.
D) autism spectrum disorder.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child's

A) insecure attachment.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) egocentrism.
D) neural connections.

Question 5

The relative lack of neural interconnections in the hippocampus and frontal lobes at the time of birth is most likely to contribute to

A) infantile amnesia.
B) imprinting.
C) insecure attachment.
D) stranger anxiety.

Question 6

Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ________ development.

A) social
B) cognitive
C) emotional
D) physical

Question 7

The recommended position for putting babies to sleep is

A) on their stomachs.
B) on their backs.
C) on their sides.
D) in a nearly upright sitting position.

Question 8

We refer to all the mental activities associated with thinking,knowing,remembering,and communicating as

A) cognition.
B) maturation.
C) accommodation.
D) assimilation.

Question 9

A use-it-or-lose-it pruning process shuts down some ________ and strengthens others.

A) secure attachments
B) epigenetic marks
C) neural connections
D) critical periods

Question 10

The recommended back to sleep position has been associated with

A) somewhat later walking.
B) somewhat earlier walking.
C) somewhat earlier crawling.
D) somewhat later crawling.

Question 11

Kayla is a teenager now and has been told many times by her mother that she was a colicky baby,crying all the time.Kayla doesn't remember any of this.Her lack of memory can be explained by

A) maturation.
B) infantile amnesia.
C) growth.
D) developmental progression.

Question 12

Motor development is mostly influenced by

A) nature.
B) nurture.
C) stability.
D) change.

Question 13

Kristen is a normal,healthy newborn.Research indicates that

A) she has most of the brain cells she is ever going to have.
B) the neural connections that will enable her to think and talk are already completely formed.
C) she is already capable of forming permanent lifelong memories.
D) all of these statements are true.

Question 14

In general,children cannot be trained to walk before they are 10 months old.This best illustrates the importance of

A) conservation.
B) attachment.
C) object permanence.
D) maturation.

Question 15

Biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience and that enable orderly changes in behavior are referred to as

A) schemas.
B) attachments.
C) accommodation.
D) maturation.

Question 16

Excess neural connections within the brain are reduced through a process of

A) accommodation.
B) imprinting.
C) attachment.
D) pruning.

Question 17

Melissa's toddler is 2 years old but is not yet toilet trained.Melissa takes the toddler to the toilet every 30 minutes,offers rewards if the toddler is successful,and praises the toddler for sitting on the toilet.But,nothing is working! What should you tell Melissa?

A) "She definitely should be toilet trained by now.You must be doing something wrong."
B) "Have you tried offering candy as a reward?"
C) "Maybe check with the pediatrician.I read that 90 percent of toddlers are toilet trained by the time they are two years old."
D) "You can't rush toilet training.Muscular and neural maturation needs to occur first."

Question 18

Identical twins typically begin walking on nearly the same day.This best illustrates the importance of ________ to motor skills.

A) responsive parenting
B) maturation
C) accommodation
D) conservation

Question 19

Poor memory for early life experiences results from a baby's relative lack of ________ of the hippocampus.

A) secure attachment
B) maturation
C) egocentrism
D) stranger anxiety

Question 20

When tethered to a mobile,infants learned the association between

A) looking and the mobile's smell.
B) rooting and the mobile's sound.
C) swallowing and the mobile's color.
D) kicking and the mobile's movement.

Question 21

Even young infants will at least temporarily look for a toy where they saw it hidden a moment before.This suggests that Piaget

A) underestimated the importance of imprinting on infant attachment.
B) overestimated the impact of culture on infant intelligence.
C) underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants.
D) overestimated the continuity of cognitive development.

Question 22

Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short,wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall,narrow glass.Actually,both glasses contain the same amount of soda.This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of

A) conservation.
B) egocentrism.
C) assimilation.
D) object permanence.

Question 23

The awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived is known as

A) conservation.
B) assimilation.
C) object permanence.
D) a secure attachment.

Question 24

The processes of assimilation and accommodation were most clearly highlighted by

A) Rovee-Collier's infant memory theory.
B) the Harlows' attachment theory.
C) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
D) Piaget's cognitive development theory.

Question 25

When people recognize the inaccuracy of ethnic stereotypes and revise their beliefs,they are demonstrating the process of

A) maturation.
B) assimilation.
C) imprinting.
D) accommodation.

Question 26

Three-year-old Maddox mistakenly thinks that blown-up balloons are always round.His idea best illustrates

A) a schema.
B) egocentrism.
C) conservation.
D) a secure attachment.

Question 27

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)

A) attachment.
B) theory of mind.
C) schema.
D) neural network.

Question 28

When 2-1/2-year old Cassi plays with her dolls and stuffed animals,she makes them carry on a conversation.Cassi is engaged in

A) egocentric behavior.
B) pretend play.
C) conservatism.
D) object permanence.

Question 29

Piaget suggested that cognitive development involved an individual's construction of

A) neural networks.
B) schemas.
C) attachments.
D) critical periods.

Question 30

Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket.This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of

A) egocentrism.
B) object permanence.
C) conservation.
D) accommodation.

Question 31

According to Piaget,children in the preoperational stage are able to

A) represent objects with words and images.
B) reason abstractly and test hypotheses.
C) understand the principle of conservation.
D) think logically about tangible things.

Question 32

Judy DeLoache focused her research on children's

A) egocentric behavior.
B) pretend play.
C) conservatism.
D) object permanence.

Question 33

Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a ball falling,infants spend ________ time looking at a ball stopping in midair.Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a moving car,infants spend ________ time looking at a moving car seeming to pass through a solid object.

A) less;more
B) more;less
C) less;less
D) more;more

Question 34

Current research on cognitive development indicates that

A) Piaget overestimated the cognitive competence of young children.
B) symbolic thinking develops earlier than Piaget believed.
C) Piaget's theory may apply only to middle-class male children.
D) Piaget overlooked the importance of imprinting on cognitive development.

Question 35

Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called

A) egocentrism.
B) accommodation.
C) assimilation.
D) maturation.

Question 36

According to Piaget,we come to know the world primarily by looking,touching,mouthing,and grasping during the ________ stage.

A) concrete operational
B) sensorimotor
C) formal operational
D) preoperational

Question 37

Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of

A) conservation.
B) assimilation.
C) accommodation.
D) egocentrism.

Question 38

Remembering things one can no longer perceive is most clearly an indication of

A) assimilation.
B) basic trust.
C) egocentrism.
D) object permanence.

Question 39

According to Piaget,assimilation involves

A) the absorption of nutrients into the body for growth and development.
B) training children to behave in a socially acceptable manner.
C) interpreting new experiences in terms of one's current understanding.
D) altering existing schemas in order to incorporate new information.

Question 40

The principle that properties such as mass,volume,and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects is called

A) imprinting.
B) conservation.
C) object permanence.
D) accommodation.

Question 41

Specific accomplishments during the preoperational stage of cognitive development are

A) logic and moral reasoning.
B) object permanence and stranger anxiety.
C) pretend play and egocentrism.
D) conservation and mathematical transformations.

Question 42

The ability of preschool children to empathize with classmates who are feeling sad illustrates that preoperational children have developed

A) egocentrism.
B) the curse of knowledge.
C) a theory of mind.
D) a concept of conservation.

Question 43

In an experiment,children saw a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away.They then observed another doll,Anne,move the ball to a different location.In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return,the investigators were testing the children's

A) secure attachment.
B) sense of object permanence.
C) theory of mind.
D) stranger anxiety.

Question 44

If a child realizes that others may have false beliefs,we can probably say that the child is not completely

A) egocentric.
B) accommodated.
C) imprinted.
D) authoritarian.

Question 45

Gilbert notices that his sausage is sliced into six pieces,whereas his brother's is sliced into nine pieces.He understands,however,that his brother's sausage is not actually any larger than his own.This indicates that Gilbert has by now reached the ________ stage of development.

A) concrete operational
B) sensorimotor
C) formal operational
D) preoperational

Question 46

Children's ability to infer other people's intentions and feelings is indicative of their emerging

A) theory of mind.
B) conservation.
C) egocentrism.
D) object permanence.

Question 47

Specific accomplishments during the sensorimotor period of cognitive development include

A) logic and moral reasoning.
B) object permanence and stranger anxiety.
C) pretend play and egocentrism.
D) conservation and mathematical transformations.

Question 48

According to Piaget,children gain the ability to reverse simple mathematical operations and understand conservation during the ________ stage.

A) preoperational
B) sensorimotor
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational

Question 49

According to Piaget,people are first able to reason abstractly and think hypothetically

A) after scaffolding has occurred.
B) before a critical period has passed.
C) during the formal operational stage.
D) during the concrete operational stage.

Question 50

Although Mr.Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel,his 14-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching.Before Mr.Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate,he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of

A) object permanence.
B) conservation.
C) egocentrism.
D) accommodation.

Question 51

Children's emerging ability to tease,empathize,and persuade is a sign that they are developing a theory of mind and that they are not completely

A) egocentric.
B) imprinted.
C) assimilated.
D) accommodated.

Question 52

A susceptibility to the curse of knowledge is especially likely to be associated with

A) conservation.
B) egocentrism.
C) stranger anxiety.
D) assimilation.

Question 53

Mistakenly assuming that the instructions for assembling a model ship would be clear to your brother because they are clear to you best illustrates

A) egocentrism.
B) imprinting.
C) conservation.
D) object permanence.

Question 54

According to Piaget,the preoperational stage is to the concrete operational stage as ________ is to ________.

A) assimilation;accommodation
B) object permanence;stranger anxiety
C) egocentrism;conservation
D) responsive parenting;temperament

Question 55

Julie understands that if 4 coins added to 5 coins equals 9 coins,then 4 coins subtracted from 9 coins equals 5 coins.This indicates that Julie has reached

A) a critical period.
B) the formal operational stage.
C) a secure attachment.
D) the concrete operational stage.

Question 56

The preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view is called

A) stranger anxiety.
B) egocentrism.
C) imprinting.
D) conservation.

Question 57

Who emphasized that children solve problems and step to higher levels of thinking by relying on inner speech?

A) Erik Erikson
B) Lev Vygotsky
C) Jean Piaget
D) Harry Harlow

Question 58

Using a large pillow to symbolize a pony,Samantha bounced up and down on the pillow as if she were riding the pony.Samantha is most clearly demonstrating

A) a theory of mind.
B) pretend play.
C) conservation.
D) role confusion.

Question 59

According to Piaget,an egocentric child can best be described as

A) selfish.
B) conceited.
C) lacking in self-esteem.
D) cognitively limited.

Question 60

According to Piaget's theory,during the concrete operational stage,a child is still unlikely to demonstrate

A) object permanence.
B) comprehension of mathematical transformations.
C) the ability to think hypothetically.
D) any evidence of logic.

Question 61

ASD afflicts about ________ boys for every girl.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 62

Seven-year-old Montel avoided walking carelessly across a street with heavy traffic by telling himself to "stop,look,and listen before crossing." The value of his verbal self-warning for controlling his own behavior was most clearly emphasized by

A) Erik Erikson.
B) Jean Piaget.
C) Lev Vygotsky.
D) Lawrence Kohlberg.

Question 63

Less-than-normal activity in brain areas involved in mirroring others' actions has been found to be associated with

A) autism spectrum disorder.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) a difficult temperament.
D) infantile amnesia.

Question 64

Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder characterized by deficient social interaction and an impaired

A) capacity for stranger anxiety.
B) sense of object permanence.
C) theory of mind.
D) concept of conservation.

Question 65

According to Baron-Cohen,whether male or female,those with ASD are systemizers who have more difficulty

A) reading facial expressions.
B) forming secure attachments.
C) imitating other people's behavior.
D) with physical coordination.

Question 66

The acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of

A) conservation.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) imprinting.
D) egocentrism.

Question 67

ASD has differing levels of severity.Those formerly diagnosed with ________ generally have normal intelligence and function at a high level.

A) infantile amnesia
B) asthma
C) stranger anxiety
D) Asperger syndrome

Question 68

The psychologist who has attempted to explain the fact that more boys than girls suffer from autism spectrum disorder is

A) Jean Piaget.
B) Simon Baron-Cohen.
C) Lev Vygotsky.
D) Carolyn Rovee-Collier.

Question 69

Contemporary research suggests that Piaget identified fairly accurately ________ of major cognitive developmental milestones.

A) both the sequence and the age-related timing
B) the sequence but not the age-related timing
C) the age-related timing but not the sequence
D) neither the sequence nor the age-related timing

Question 70

Psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen has argued that an "systermizing" is characteristic of those with

A) infantile amnesia.
B) the curse of knowledge.
C) an insecure attachment.
D) autism spectrum disorder.

Question 71

Researchers are exploring whether treatment with ________ might improve social behavior in those with ASD.

A) adrenal hormones
B) testosterone
C) MMR vaccinations
D) oxytocin

Question 72

Piaget emphasized how the child's mind grows through interaction with the physical environment.Vygotsky emphasized how the child's mind grows through

A) imprinting.
B) a pruning process.
C) social mentoring.
D) a secure attachment.

Question 73

Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder include deficient communication and social interaction skills,as well as

A) a prenatal addiction to drugs taken by one's mother.
B) memory deficits.
C) a lack of dopamine in relevant brain cells.
D) repetitive behaviors and interests.

Question 74

Connie and Andrew's infant son usually showed little reaction to being left with various church nursery caregivers during weekly worship services.But when he was almost 9 months old,the baby began crying whenever his parents placed him in the arms of a nursery caregiver.The baby's crying best illustrates an emerging

A) egocentrism.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) sense of self-awareness.
D) understanding of conservation.

Question 75

Jeremy has difficulty recognizing that a sibling is scared or angry.Jeremy's difficulty would be especially common for those with

A) infantile amnesia.
B) a secure attachment.
C) autism spectrum disorder.
D) schemas for familiar faces.

Question 76

Lev Vygotsky emphasized that the scaffold from which children step to higher levels of thinking is

A) object permanence.
B) concrete operational thinking.
C) a theory of mind.
D) language.

Question 77

Eighteen-month-old Justin follows his mother around the house,clinging tightly to her when he is frightened.This best illustrates

A) object permanence.
B) attachment behavior.
C) stranger anxiety.
D) accommodation.

Question 78

Several studies have revealed fewer-than-normal fiber tracts connecting the front to the back of the brain among those with

A) childhood obesity.
B) autism spectrum disorder.
C) infantile amnesia.
D) stranger anxiety.

Question 79

Second graders who ________ while doing math problems grasped third-grade math better the following year.

A) muttered to themselves
B) physically exercised
C) closed their eyes
D) listened to music

Question 80

Which of the following has been found to contribute to autism spectrum disorder?

A) infantile amnesia
B) MMR vaccinations
C) abnormal brain development
D) authoritative parenting