Deck 13: Vision

Question 1

Mature eggs first begin to be released from the ovaries of human females a short time after the onset of

A) conception.
B) habituation.
C) puberty.
D) fetal development.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Boys first begin producing sperm during

A) embryonic development.
B) fetal development.
C) the first year after birth.
D) puberty.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Ross believes that personality development is a matter of sudden qualitative changes at various turning points in the life span.His viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of

A) stability and change.
B) nature and nurture.
C) stimulation and habituation.
D) continuity and stages.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Age-linked stage theories of adult development are most likely to be criticized for exaggerating the

A) importance of social influence.
B) predictability of development.
C) importance of epigenetic effects.
D) interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 5

Sperm cells release ________ that eat away a mature egg cell's protective coating.

A) placentas
B) teratogens
C) enzymes
D) zygotes

Question 6

Social attitudes have been found to be less stable during the impressionable years of

A) childhood.
B) late adolescence.
C) young adulthood.
D) middle adulthood.

Question 7

One research team observed that out-of-control 3-year-olds were the most likely to become out-of-control adult gamblers.This finding is most central to the issue of

A) stability and change.
B) habituation and attention.
C) continuity and stages.
D) nature and nurture.

Question 8

One of the three major issues in developmental psychology involves a focus on

A) stimulation and habituation.
B) conception and prenatal development.
C) embryonic and fetal development.
D) stability and change.

Question 9

Stacey and Juan are taking a general psychology class and are studying for the upcoming exam,which includes topics on development.Stacey believes that cognitive development is a continuous process,while Juan thinks that cognitive change can happen overnight,sort of like a light bulb coming on in a child's mind.Which major issue are they debating?

A) nature and nurture
B) continuity and stages
C) predictability and unpredictability
D) stability and change

Question 10

Exceptionally timid and cautious infants tend to become shy and unassertive adolescents.This best illustrates the long-term stability of

A) temperament.
B) individualism.
C) teratogens.
D) habituation.

Question 11

Many of the outer cells of the zygote become the

A) fetus.
B) embryo.
C) placenta.
D) brainstem.

Question 12

It could be said that ________ provides our identity,while ________ allows us to adapt and grow with experience.

A) nature;nurture
B) continuity;stages
C) predictability;unpredictability
D) stability;change

Question 13

The branch of psychology that focuses on the physical,cognitive,and social changes that occur throughout the human life span is called

A) social psychology.
B) personality psychology.
C) developmental psychology.
D) biological psychology.

Question 14

Professor Conrad is a research specialist in the study of identity formation during adolescence.It is most likely that the professor is a ________ psychologist.

A) developmental
B) biological
C) psychodynamic
D) clinical

Question 15

Researchers who emphasize learning and experience tend to view development as

A) a continuous process,while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a sequence of stages.
B) a sequence of stages,while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a continuous process.
C) a cognitive process,while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a social process.
D) a social process,while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a cognitive process.

Question 16

A fertilized egg is called a(n)

A) embryo.
B) zygote.
C) teratogen.
D) fetus.

Question 17

A stage theory of development was advanced by

A) Kohlberg.
B) Erikson.
C) Piaget.
D) all of these psychologists.

Question 18

Samantha wants to learn about how people change and stay the same throughout the life span.She is most interested in the developmental issue of

A) nature and nurture.
B) continuity and stages.
C) predictability and unpredictability.
D) stability and change.

Question 19

As boys with explosive tempers grow older,they are especially likely to have difficulty maintaining good jobs and happy marriages.This fact is most relevant to the issue of

A) nature and nurture.
B) cognitive or social development.
C) stability and change.
D) continuity or stages.

Question 20

An embryo forms from the

A) zygote's inner cells.
B) zygote's outer cells.
C) placenta.
D) uterine wall of the mother.

Question 21

Lee is holding his newborn son,who is hungry and rooting for nourishment.Lee obviously can't breast feed his son and he does not have a bottle with him.What is his son likely to do?

A) suck on his hand
B) extend his or her arms and legs
C) cry
D) grab on to his dad's hand

Question 22

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n)

A) embryo.
B) fetus.
C) zygote.
D) ovum.

Question 23

Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that they

A) see nothing for the first 12 hours.
B) see only differences in brightness.
C) recognize the outlines of objects but none of the details.
D) look more at a face-like image.

Question 24

An automatic response ideally suited for survival is called a

A) neural network.
B) synapse.
C) teratogen.
D) reflex.

Question 25

Substantial prenatal stress exposure puts a child at increased risk for

A) obesity.
B) heart disease.
C) psychiatric disorders.
D) all of these outcomes.

Question 26

Organs such as the stomach develop enough to enable survival during

A) conception.
B) the first week after birth.
C) the embryonic stage.
D) the fetal period.

Question 27

Three-month-old Andrew was obviously startled by the first ring of the telephone,but with each subsequent ring he seemed to become less reactive.This best illustrates the process of

A) vocal intonation.
B) reflexive responding.
C) biological maturation.
D) habituation.

Question 28

Harmful chemicals or viruses that can be transferred from a mother to her developing fetus are called

A) embryos.
B) placentas.
C) teratogens.
D) zygotes.

Question 29

After Becky rocks her newborn for about 30 minutes,the baby falls fast asleep.When Becky attempts to lay the baby on her back,the baby's arms and legs spring out and the baby begins to cry.Which reflex is the baby exhibiting?

A) rooting
B) sucking
C) startle
D) grasping

Question 30

Shanda used cocaine while she was pregnant,which damaged her developing fetus.The cocaine was a(n)

A) enzyme.
B) teratogen.
C) genome.
D) placenta.

Question 31

Responsiveness to sound begins during ________ development.

A) embryonic
B) zygotic
C) ovular
D) fetal

Question 32

Upon hearing a loud noise,3-week-old Mia's arms and legs sprang out and her fist clenched.Her reaction best illustrates

A) a critical period.
B) an epigenetic mark.
C) a startle reflex.
D) stranger anxiety.

Question 33

Automatically withdrawing our limbs to escape pain illustrates

A) habituation.
B) the influence of teratogens.
C) an epigenetic effect.
D) a reflex response.

Question 34

From 2 weeks to 8 weeks after conception,the human organism is known as a(n)

A) embryo.
B) fetus.
C) zygote.
D) ovum.

Question 35

Noticeable physical and mental abnormalities are most likely to be associated with severe cases of

A) hypertension.
B) habituation.
C) diabetes.
D) fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 36

When Joan touched her infant's cheek,the baby turned his head toward the side that was touched and opened his mouth.Joan was eliciting the reflex to

A) root for a nipple.
B) avoid pain.
C) habituate to touch.
D) facilitate social interaction.

Question 37

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome demonstrate that alcohol is a

A) teratogen.
B) genome.
C) telomere.
D) schema.

Question 38

As newborns,we turn our heads in the direction of human voices and we gaze longer at more face-like images.This best illustrates that we are born preferring sights and sounds that facilitate

A) development through distinct stages.
B) continuity of personality.
C) cumulative growth.
D) social responsiveness.

Question 39

A decrease in responding with repeated stimulation is called

A) a reflex response.
B) FAS.
C) habituation.
D) epigenetics.

Question 40

Research indicates that newborns can distinguish

A) their mother's voice from another woman's voice.
B) differences in light intensity but not differences in shape.
C) their mother's face from another woman's face.
D) differences in sound intensity but not differences in sound quality.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a major issue in developmental psychology?

A) nature and nurture
B) continuity and stages
C) predictability and unpredictability
D) stability and change

Question 42

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process.His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of

A) continuity and stages.
B) nature and nurture.
C) behavior and mental processes.
D) stability and change.

Question 43

One of the three major concerns of developmental psychology involves a focus on

A) conception and prenatal development.
B) continuity and stages.
C) embryonic and fetal development.
D) individualism and habituation.

Question 44

The fusion of a sperm cell and an egg into a single cell is called

A) secure attachment.
B) assimilation.
C) maturation.
D) conception.

Question 45

Dr.Birkin's major research interest is the development of motor skills in children.It is most likely that Dr.Birkin is a ________ psychologist.

A) cognitive
B) developmental
C) biological
D) psychodynamic

Question 46

Developmental psychologists study physical,cognitive,and ________ changes throughout the human life span.

A) zygotic
B) embryonic
C) genetic
D) social

Question 47

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of

A) continuity and stages.
B) stability and change.
C) behavior and mental processes.
D) nature and nurture.

Question 48

Newborn infants typically prefer their mother's voice over their father's voice because

A) their reflexes are naturally triggered by higher-pitched sounds.
B) they rapidly habituate to lower-pitched male voices.
C) they become familiar with their mother's voice before they are born.
D) they form an emotional attachment to their mother during breast feeding.

Question 49

Samantha has to select a college major.She has always wondered about what makes people who they are and how people change over time.Based on this,she might be interested in

A) clinical psychology.
B) social psychology.
C) nursing.
D) developmental psychology.

Question 50

The best evidence that newborns possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on

A) epigenetic effects.
B) infant reflexes.
C) prenatal development.
D) habituation.

Question 51

Dr.Smith has devoted his career to investigating the influence of genetic and environmental factors on developmental processes.Which major issue in developmental psychology is he most interested in?

A) nature and nurture
B) continuity and stages
C) predictability and unpredictability
D) stability and change

Question 52

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the

A) embryo.
B) ovaries.
C) teratogens.
D) placenta.

Question 53

Efforts to identify the interactive influences of inherited personality traits and culturally prescribed educational practices on the intellectual development of children is most central to the major issue of

A) stability and change.
B) extraversion and introversion.
C) continuity and stages.
D) nature and nurture.

Question 54

By a week after birth,infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' ________ and that of another nursing mother.

A) face
B) smell
C) temperament
D) tender touch

Question 55

Elaina is in the fourth month of her pregnancy.At this point,her developing baby would be referred to as a(n)

A) genome.
B) embryo.
C) zygote.
D) fetus.

Question 56

Dr.Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raising practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring.It is most likely that Dr.Matsuko is a ________ psychologist.

A) cognitive
B) developmental
C) biological
D) psychodynamic

Question 57

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus,the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n)

A) habituation.
B) stress hormone.
C) digestive enzyme.
D) teratogen.

Question 58

Taking certain drugs during pregnancy is likely to expose unborn children to harmful

A) genomes.
B) zygotes.
C) teratogens.
D) DNA.

Question 59

In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment,psychologists are most clearly highlighting the importance of

A) temperament.
B) maturation.
C) dizygotic development.
D) nature-nurture interactions.

Question 60

When touched on the cheek,infants reflexively

A) retract their arms.
B) open their mouths.
C) close their eyes.
D) cry.

Question 61

Psychologists who view the developmental process as a sequence of distinct stages generally believe that ________ is(are)the same for everyone.

A) both the order and the timing of the stages
B) the order but not the timing of the stages
C) the timing but not the order of the stages
D) neither the order nor the timing of the stages

Question 62

Distinguishing between very gradual and very abrupt developmental changes over the life span is most central to the major issue of

A) prenatal and postnatal development.
B) stability and change.
C) continuity and stages.
D) nature and nurture.

Question 63

As compared with the production of egg cells,sperm cell production

A) begins later in life.
B) involves a jellylike outer covering.
C) begins earlier in life.
D) occurs at a slower rate.

Question 64

The fact that many happy and well-adjusted adults were once rebellious and unhappy as adolescents is most relevant to the issue of

A) continuity and stages.
B) childhood and life-span development.
C) stability and change.
D) habituation and attention.

Question 65

The placenta develops from the outer cells of the

A) ovary.
B) zygote.
C) fetus.
D) embryo.

Question 66

Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing

A) discrete age-linked stages.
B) the interaction of nature and nurture.
C) maturation during adolescent development.
D) cognitive changes during adulthood development.

Question 67

A child's temperament is likely to be

A) difficult to observe.
B) stable over time.
C) a product of parenting style.
D) a reflection of his or her thinking.

Question 68

Questions about whether anxious children will grow up to be fearful or relaxed adults most directly highlight the issue of

A) continuity and stages.
B) stability and change.
C) identity and temperament.
D) nature and nurture.

Question 69

Which of the following people is most likely to enjoy an enduring marriage?

A) Zach,who smiled all the time as a child
B) Michael,who was an introvert as a child
C) Casey,who exhibited conduct problems as a teen
D) Christina,who started dating when she was 16 years old

Question 70

A belief that adult personality is completely determined in early childhood would be most relevant to the issue of

A) stability and change.
B) nature and nurture.
C) cognition and morality.
D) conception and prenatal development.

Question 71

The organ that transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to embryo is called the

A) ovary.
B) zygote.
C) placenta.
D) teratogen.

Question 72

Human sperm cells ________ than egg cells.

A) are larger
B) contain more genes
C) are smaller
D) contain fewer genes

Question 73

Which of the following people is most likely to be convicted of a violent crime during emerging adulthood?

A) Mary,who was an introvert as a child
B) Brandon,who was an extravert as a child
C) Suan,who has always been a loner
D) Casey,who exhibited conduct problems as a child

Question 74

The zygote's inner cells

A) form the placenta.
B) become the embryo.
C) become the heart of the organism.
D) attach to the uterine wall.

Question 75

Which of the following is the best conclusion regarding the issue of stability and change in development?

A) Stability is more likely to explain development.
B) Change is more likely to explain development.
C) Both stability and change can be used to explain development.
D) Neither stability nor change helps explain development.

Question 76

A zygote is a(n)

A) agent that can harm prenatal development.
B) developing organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.
C) developing organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
D) fertilized egg.

Question 77

During the course of successful prenatal development,a human organism begins as a(n)

A) zygote and finally develops into an embryo.
B) embryo and finally develops into a fetus.
C) zygote and finally develops into a fetus.
D) fetus and finally develops into an embryo.

Question 78

Human females begin forming all the eggs they will ever have during

A) conception.
B) prenatal development.
C) early childhood.
D) puberty.

Question 79

Mary believes that cognitive development is a matter of gradual and almost imperceptible changes over time.Her viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of

A) nature and nurture.
B) genes and environment.
C) continuity and stages.
D) stability and change.

Question 80

Cell division and differentiation begin during the ________ stage of prenatal development.

A) fetal
B) placental
C) zygotic
D) embryonic