Deck 12: Cardiovascular System Diseases and Disorders

Question 1

A life-threatening condition caused by occlusion of coronary arteries with subsequent necrosis of heart muscle is called:

A) Coronary artery disease.
B) Angina pectoris.
C) Myocardial infarction.
D) Congestive heart failure.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Initial treatment of pernicious anemia includes:

A) Injections of folic acid.
B) Bone marrow transplant.
C) Injections of vitamin B₁₂.
D) High doses of vitamin B.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The classic symptom of pericarditis is:

A) Severe dysphagia.
B) Heart palpitations.
C) Fever.
D) Sharp pleuritic pain.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Three common types of aneurysms are:

A) Abdominal, thoracic, and aortic.
B) Abdominal, aortic, and peripheral.
C) Abdominal, thoracic, and peripheral.
D) Thoracic, pulmonary, and peripheral.

Question 5

An acute or chronic inflammation of the saclike membrane that surrounds the heart is called:

A) Pericarditis.
B) Endocarditis.
C) Myocarditis.
D) Neuritis.

Question 6

Chest pain resulting from ischemia to a part of the myocardium is called:

A) Coronary artery disease.
B) Myocardial infarction.
C) Angina pectoris.
D) Transient ischemic attacks.

Question 7

Thrombophlebitis may be caused by:

A) Infection.
B) Trauma.
C) Prolonged immobility.
D) All of the above

Question 8

Complications of myocardial infarction may include:

A) Arrhythmias and congestive heart failure.
B) Cardiogenic shock and mitral regurgitation.
C) Ventricular aneurysm.
D) All of the above

Question 9

The leading cause of coronary artery disease is:

A) Advancing age.
B) Atherosclerosis.
C) Obesity.
D) Diabetes mellitus.

Question 10

The classic symptom of myocardial infarction is:

A) Severe and periodic dyspnea.
B) Crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, and jaw.
C) Diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg.
D) Systolic pressure greater than 180 mm Hg.

Question 11

Angina pectoris:

A) Is a signal that the heart is not getting enough blood and oxygen.
B) Is not considered a medical emergency.
C) Usually lasts more than 30 minutes.
D) Causes mild, aching chest pain.

Question 12

Mitral valve insufficiency causes:

A) Blood to backflow into the left atrium.
B) Blood to backflow into the right atrium.
C) Blood to backflow into the aorta.
D) Blood to backflow into the left ventricle.

Question 13

Megaloblasts are found in:

A) Iron deficiency anemia.
B) Pernicious anemia.
C) Folic acid deficiency anemia.
D) Aplastic anemia.

Question 14

Treatment of congestive heart failure includes:

A) Bed rest, diuretics, and vasodilators only.
B) Bed rest and vasodilators only.
C) Diuretics and digitalis only.
D) Bed rest, diuretics, vasodilators, digoxin, and restricted sodium intake.

Question 15

Diagnostic procedures for aplastic anemia include:

A) RBC and WBC counts.
B) Reticulocyte count.
C) Bone marrow studies.
D) All of the above

Question 16

The following test is used for diagnosing myocarditis:

A) ECG and echocardiogram.
B) Stress ECG.
C) Biopsy.
D) Both A and C

Question 17

A local dilation of an artery or chamber of the heart due to weakening of its walls is called:

A) Myocardial infarction.
B) Aneurysm.
C) Arteriosclerosis.
D) Atherosclerosis.

Question 18

Hypertension may include the following vague signs and symptoms:

A) Tinnitus and lightheadedness.
B) Angina and weight loss.
C) Lightheadedness and weakness.
D) Pallor and tachypnea.

Question 19

Prognosis for acute myelogenous leukemia is:

A) Excellent.
B) Good, with remission lasting many years.
C) Fatal within 1 to 2 months after symptoms begin.
D) Highly variable.

Question 20

An inflammation with abnormal vegetations in the membrane lining of the heart valves is called:

A) Pericarditis.
B) Myocarditis.
C) Endocarditis.
D) Mitral insufficiency.

Question 21

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma:

A) Is also called lymphosarcoma.
B) Is less common than Hodgkin lymphoma.
C) Likely affects the B cells important in fighting infection.
D) Both A and C

Question 22

In women, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath could indicate:

A) Hypertension.
B) Atherosclerosis.
C) Myocardial infarction.
D) Congestive heart failure.

Question 23

A neoplastic malignancy of the lymphatic system characterized by painless enlargement of the lymph nodes and spleen is called:

A) Lymphosarcoma.
B) Hodgkin disease.
C) Lymphedema.
D) Chronic leukemia.

Question 24

Signs and symptoms of lymphedema include:

A) An affected limb that is swollen and hypertrophied.
B) Skin that is thickened and fibrotic.
C) An affected limb that is painful and reddened.
D) A and B only

Question 25

Aortic insufficiency:

A) Results in obstructed blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
B) Causes left ventricular hypertrophy and failure.
C) Is a common heart defect in children.
D) None of the above

Question 26

Persistent elevated blood pressure that develops without apparent cause is:

A) Pulmonary hypertension.
B) Renal hypertension.
C) Essential hypertension.
D) Portal hypertension.

Question 27

Which of the following is not an etiologic factor of iron deficiency anemia?

A) Menorrhagia
B) Gastrointestinal bleeding
C) Breastfeeding
D) Hypertension

Question 28

Induration, redness, and tenderness along a superficial vein are signs of:

A) Gout.
B) Thrombophlebitis.
C) Lymphangitis.
D) Cellulitis.

Question 29

The condition characterized by accumulation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of large- and medium-sized arteries is called:

A) Atherosclerosis.
B) Arteriosclerosis.
C) Coronary artery disease.
D) Myocardial infarction.

Question 30

Varicose veins occur most commonly in the:

A) Large veins in the arms.
B) Greater and lesser saphenous veins.
C) Small veins in the upper thighs.
D) Small arterioles of the lower legs.

Question 31

Signs and symptoms of arteriosclerosis include:

A) Intermittent claudication.
B) Nausea and vomiting.
C) Shortness of breath.
D) All of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is characterized by the formation of hemoglobin-poor red blood cells?

A) Folic acid deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Iron deficiency anemia
D) Sickle cell anemia

Question 33

Mortality from myocardial infarction is highest:

A) Within the first hour.
B) After angioplasty.
C) After 48 hours.
D) When treatment is started immediately.

Question 34

A condition usually caused by exposure to toxins, radiation, or certain drugs in which the bone marrow stops producing blood cells is:

A) Sickle cell anemia.
B) Aplastic anemia.
C) Iron deficiency anemia.
D) Thalassemia.

Question 35

Essential hypertension is:

A) Considered to be idiopathic.
B) Considered to be an iatrogenic condition.
C) Not associated with lifestyle risk factors.
D) Not familial.

Question 36

A neoplasm characterized by the hyperproliferation of abnormal, immature white cell precursors called blasts is known as:

A) Acute lymphatic leukemia.
B) Acute myeloid leukemia.
C) Chronic myeloid leukemia.
D) Lymphedema.

Question 37

An abnormal accumulation of lymph usually in the extremities is called:

A) Sickle cell anemia.
B) Hodgkin disease.
C) Chronic myelocytic leukemia.
D) Lymphedema.

Question 38

Treatment of thrombophlebitis includes:

A) Bed rest and vein ligation.
B) Elevation of the affected limb.
C) Application of heat over the affected area and elastic wrap on the affected limb.
D) All of the above

Question 39

Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a clot is:

A) Coronary artery disease.
B) Myocardial infarction.
C) Thrombophlebitis.
D) Varicose veins.

Question 40

A type of anemia characterized by the appearance of large-sized, abnormal red blood cells as a result of inadequate levels of vitamin B₁₂ is called:

A) Folic acid deficiency anemia.
B) Pernicious anemia.
C) Sickle cell anemia.
D) Iron deficiency anemia.

Question 41

Endocarditis is also known as infective carditis.

Question 42

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Idiopathic

Question 43

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Cardioversion

Question 44

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Cardiac tamponade

Question 45

Another name for myocardial infarction is heart attack.

Question 46

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Dyspnea

Question 47

Coronary artery disease is the weakening of the coronary arteries due to age.

Question 48

In atrial fibrillation, the two atria beat irregularly and out of rhythm with the lower ventricles.

Question 49

Diastole is the contraction phase of the heart.

Question 50

Bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant is the treatment for severe aplastic anemia.

Question 51

Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart's pumping ability is impaired and cannot meet the needs of the body.

Question 52

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Bruit

Question 53

Valvular stenosis is when the opening of a valve is too large.

Question 54

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Effusion

Question 55

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the cardiac muscle.

Question 56

High doses of a combination of antibiotics is the treatment of choice for Hodgkin lymphoma.

Question 57

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Lacteal

Question 58

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Hematopoietic

Question 59

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Dilatation

Question 60

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Cellulitis

Question 61

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Vasodilator

Question 62

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Lymphangitis

Question 63

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Megakaryocyte

Question 64

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Reticulocyte

Question 65

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin
b.Drugs to relax and expand blood vessels
c.Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine
d.Immature form of RBCs
e.Tissue related to the blood cells in bone marrow
f.Inflammation of the lymph vessels
g.Fluid in pericardium compresses the heart
h.Abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation
i.Large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei
j.Difficult breathing
k.Resets heart's rhythm to normal sinus
l.Expansion of an organ or vessel
m.Inflammation of connective tissue
n.Of unknown cause
o.An escape of fluid
Petechiae