Question 1

Hirschsprung disease signs and symptoms include:&#10;A) Diarrhea and projectile vomiting.&#10;B) Severe abdominal distension and feeding difficulties.&#10;C) High red blood cell counts and hemoglobin.&#10;D) High body fat and adipose tissue.

Accepted Answer

The hallmark sign of Hirschsprung disease is severe abdominal distension, along with feeding difficulties. Diarrhea and projectile vomiting may also be present but are not specific to this condition. High red blood cell counts and hemoglobin, as well as high body fat and adipose tissue, are not associated with Hirschsprung disease.

Question 2

One of the following abnormalities to occur in tetralogy of Fallot is:&#10;A) Transposition of the great vessels.&#10;B) Atrial septal defects.&#10;C) Right ventricular hypertrophy.&#10;D) Patent ductus arteriosus.

Accepted Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that consists of four abnormalities, including pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, the best choice is C, as it is one of the four characteristics of this condition. A, B, and D are not correct choices as they do not occur in tetralogy of Fallot.

Question 3

The etiology of cerebral palsy includes:&#10;A) Autosomal genetic factors.&#10;B) CNS damage before, during, or after birth.&#10;C) Exposure to a teratogen during pregnancy.&#10;D) Maternal influenza.

Accepted Answer

The most common cause of cerebral palsy is damage to the central nervous system (brain and/or spinal cord) before, during, or after birth. This can be due to factors such as premature birth, lack of oxygen to the brain, brain infections, or trauma.

Answer: C
 Exposure to teratogens during pregnancy (substances that can cause birth defects) can also lead to cerebral palsy. Examples of teratogens include certain medications, alcohol, and illegal drugs.

Answer: A and D are incorrect
 While there may be some genetic factors that can increase the risk of cerebral palsy, it is not typically inherited as an autosomal trait. Maternal influenza may be a risk factor for cerebral palsy, but it is not a direct cause.

Question 4

Cerebral palsy:&#10;A) Is bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive paralysis.&#10;B) Is caused by a chromosomal mutation.&#10;C) Causes mental decreased intellectual ability in 81% of cases.&#10;D) Diagnosis requires ultrasound examination for neural tube defects.

Accepted Answer

Cerebral palsy is characterized by bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive paralysis. It is not caused by a chromosomal mutation and does not necessarily cause decreased intellectual ability. Diagnosis may involve imaging studies such as MRI, but ultrasound examination is not typically used for this purpose.

Question 5

Talipes valgus is:&#10;A) An inversion or inward bending of the foot.&#10;B) An eversion or outward bending of the foot.&#10;C) Plantarflexion.&#10;D) Dorsiflexion.

Accepted Answer

Talipes valgus is an eversion or outward bending of the foot, where the heel is turned outward and the forefoot is turned inward, creating a "duck-like" appearance of the foot.

Question 6

Treatment of an omphalocele includes:&#10;A) Surgery.&#10;B) Stimulation with testosterone injections.&#10;C) Daily manual massage.&#10;D) Antimicrobial therapy.

Accepted Answer

The most effective treatment option for an omphalocele is surgical repair. This involves carefully returning the abdominal contents to the abdominal cavity and closing the defect in the abdominal wall. Other treatment options such as stimulation with testosterone injections, daily manual massage, and antimicrobial therapy are not effective in treating an omphalocele.

Question 7

Hydrocephalus:&#10;A) Refers to too little cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.&#10;B) May be classified as communicating or noncommunicating.&#10;C) May be surgically treated with a shunt placed to drain excess fluid into venous circulation.&#10;D) Both B and C

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus may be classified as communicating or noncommunicating and is often surgically treated with a shunt placed to drain excess fluid into venous circulation.

Question 8

Acyanotic heart defects in infants include which of the following?&#10;A) Coarctation of the aorta&#10;B) Tetralogy of Fallot&#10;C) Transposition of the great vessels&#10;D) Dextroposition of the aorta

Accepted Answer

Coarctation of the aorta is an acyanotic heart defect, characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, which can lead to increased blood pressure before the narrowing and reduced blood flow beyond it, but does not directly mix oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood, thus not causing cyanosis initially. Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the great vessels are cyanotic heart defects, and Dextroposition of the aorta is not a commonly recognized term in this context.

Question 9

If an infant begins projectile vomiting in the second to fourth week after birth, a primary care provider might suspect:&#10;A) Pyloric stenosis.&#10;B) Cardiac stenosis.&#10;C) Hirschsprung disease.&#10;D) Cystic fibrosis.

Accepted Answer

Projectile vomiting in the second to fourth week after birth is a classic symptom of pyloric stenosis, a condition in which the muscle at the bottom of the stomach (pylorus) is thickened, blocking the flow of stomach contents into the small intestine. This can lead to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance. Cardiac stenosis, Hirschsprung disease, and cystic fibrosis are not typically associated with projectile vomiting in infancy.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of cleft lip and cleft palate?&#10;A) Cleft lip is more common than cleft palate.&#10;B) They are thought to be a multifactorial genetic disorder.&#10;C) The combination of the two occurs in approximately 1:5000 births.&#10;D) One surgery is generally all that is needed to correct cleft lip and cleft palate.

Accepted Answer

Cleft lip and cleft palate are believed to be caused by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. While cleft lip is more common than cleft palate, the combination of the two occurring together is less frequent, estimated to be around 1:700 births. Treatment often requires multiple surgeries, including repair of the initial cleft and other associated issues such as speech and dental problems.

Question 11

The diagnostic test for cryptorchidism that confirms presence of testes is:&#10;A) Follicle-stimulating hormone.&#10;B) Serum gonadotropin.&#10;C) Luteinizing hormone.&#10;D) Serum testosterone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diagnostic test for cryptorchidism that confirms...

Question 12

A diagnostic test for congenital defects of the ureter, bladder, and urethra includes:&#10;A) Excretory urography.&#10;B) Prenatal ultrasound.&#10;C) MRI.&#10;D) Biopsy of the affected part.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A diagnostic test for congenital defects of...

Question 13

Neural tube defects:&#10;A) Almost always have an excellent prognosis without residual deficits.&#10;B) Are characterized by hyperactive reflexes and rapid muscle contractions.&#10;C) Require aggressive treatment without surgical intervention.&#10;D) Are classified as spina bifida, meningocele, or myelomeningocele.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neural tube defects:&#10;A) Almost always have an...

Question 14

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder:&#10;A) Results when the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy.&#10;B) Occurs when a pregnant mother consumes less than two drinks a day.&#10;C) Usually causes large size and weight of infant at birth.&#10;D) Both A and B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder:&#10;A) Results when the...

Question 15

Fatal complications of cystic fibrosis include:&#10;A) Emphysema.&#10;B) Pneumonia.&#10;C) Atelectasis.&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fatal complications of cystic fibrosis include:&#10;A) Emphysema.&#10;B)...

Question 16

Client communication for cleft lip and cleft palate include teaching:&#10;A) The ESSR feeding method.&#10;B) Bottle feeding, because breastfeeding cannot be performed.&#10;C) No burping, because it is not effective for neonates with cleft lip and cleft palate.&#10;D) Pregnant women not to drink alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Client communication for cleft lip and cleft...

Question 17

A positive Ortolani sign confirms the diagnosis of:&#10;A) Cystic fibrosis.&#10;B) Hirschsprung disease.&#10;C) Congenital hip dysplasia.&#10;D) Clubfoot.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A positive Ortolani sign confirms the diagnosis...

Question 18

The disorder that causes liquid to pass into the lungs rather than the stomach is:&#10;A) Hirschsprung disease.&#10;B) Tracheoesophageal fistula.&#10;C) Pyloric stenosis.&#10;D) Cleft lip and cleft palate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disorder that causes liquid to pass...

Question 19

Hirschsprung disease:&#10;A) Is characterized by obstruction and dilation of the colon.&#10;B) Is diagnosed by a rectal biopsy revealing the absence of ganglion cells in the colorectal wall.&#10;C) Is also called congenital aganglionic megacolon.&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hirschsprung disease:&#10;A) Is characterized by obstruction and...

Question 20

Diagnostic procedure(s) for sickle cell anemia include(s):&#10;A) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).&#10;B) Hemoglobin electrophoresis.&#10;C) Biopsy of specialized blood cells.&#10;D) Measurement of WBC levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagnostic procedure(s) for sickle cell anemia include(s):&#10;A)...

Question 21

Acyanotic defects are those in which poorly oxygenated blood mixes with blood reentering the systemic circulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Acyanotic defects are those in which poorly...

Question 22

Neural tube defects are developmental defects that occur during the first month of pregnancy in which there is incomplete closure of the bones encasing the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neural tube defects are developmental defects that...

Question 23

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an acquired disorder that usually occurs in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an acquired disorder...

Question 24

Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary, chronic anemia in which abnormal sickle- or crescent-shaped red blood cells are present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary, chronic...

Question 25

Tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea that are normally two separate canals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between...

Question 26

Birth abnormalities can occur in only certain parts of the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Birth abnormalities can occur in only certain...

Question 27

Which statement is not true of Down syndrome?&#10;A) Also called Trisomy 21.&#10;B) Is the most common single cause of congenital abnormalities.&#10;C) Approximately 1 in 200 infants are born with it.&#10;D) Every cell in the body has an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is not true of Down...

Question 28

When the intestine does not turn properly, becomes twisted, and blocks blood flow, the condition is called:&#10;A) Abdominal atresia.&#10;B) Intestinal malrotation.&#10;C) Malrotation and volvulus.&#10;D) Abdominal atresia with volvulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the intestine does not turn properly,...

Question 29

With meningocele, a saclike structure protrudes from the abdomen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With meningocele, a saclike structure protrudes from...

Question 30

There is no cure for omphalocele.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is no cure for omphalocele....

Question 31

Some congenital heart defects require no treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some congenital heart defects require no treatment....

Question 32

Which of the following are true of Tourette syndrome?&#10;A) Believed to be autosomal dominant disorder&#10;B) Four times more likely in girls&#10;C) Tics start prior to age 1&#10;D) Both A and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are true of...

Question 33

Which of the following is an acyanotic defect?&#10;A) Tetralogy of Fallot&#10;B) Transposition of the great arteries&#10;C) Tricuspid atresia&#10;D) Ventricular septal defect

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an acyanotic...

Question 34

Sickle cell anemia is a life-threatening disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sickle cell anemia is a life-threatening disease....

Question 35

The most common teratogens to cause birth defects are infectious diseases, physical agents, drugs and chemicals, and maternal issues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common teratogens to cause birth...

Question 36

The most common congenital abnormalities affect the cardiovascular system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common congenital abnormalities affect the...

Question 37

There are many symptoms of ASD.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are many symptoms of ASD....

Question 38

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the heart.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there...

Question 39

Hirschsprung disease is more common in females; it occurs in about 1 in 5000 births.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hirschsprung disease is more common in females;...

Question 40

There is a characteristic musty odor to the child's perspiration and urine due to a metabolite in which of the following diseases?&#10;A) Phenylketonuria&#10;B) Cystic fibrosis&#10;C) Cerebral palsy&#10;D) Hirschsprung disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a characteristic musty odor to...

Question 41

Match the terms with their definitions.&#10;a.Roughened skin or an abrasion&#10;b.Increase in size or volume&#10;c.Involuntary wavelike contractions&#10;d.Rounded cavity on the outer surface of the hip bone that receives the femur&#10;e.Fast breathing&#10;f.First feces of a newborn infant&#10;g.Absence of oxygen&#10;h.Excision or removal of a kidney&#10;i.Collapsed lung&#10;j.Nosebleed&#10;k.Wall between the ventricles&#10;l.Involuntary movement of the eyeball&#10;m.Listening for sounds produced by internal organs&#10;n.Swelling of the renal pelvis of the kidney with urine&#10;o.Lameness&#10;p.Space within an artery&#10;q.Bluish discoloration of the skin&#10;r.Impaired muscle tone&#10;s.Smaller-than-normal head&#10;t.Near-liquid mixture composed of partially digested food and gastric secretions&#10;Hydronephrosis

Accepted Answer