Deck 22: Motions in the Heavens

Question 1

The __________ of the Sun appears as a halo around the Moon during a solar eclipse.

Answer 1

corona

Question 2

In the __________, only a portion of the Sun is eclipsed.

Answer 2

penumbra

Question 3

The Pole Star is a __________ point in the sky.

A) fixed
B) circling
C) meandering
D) jumping

Answer 3

A

Question 4

__________ are celestial bodies that revolve around stars.

Question 5

When the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, a/an __________ __________ occurs.

Question 6

Aristotle proposed a __________ Universe.

Question 7

A Doppler shift to a lower frequency is called a __________ shift.

Question 8

__________ was the first person to see that the Moon had mountains, hills, craters, and large plains.

Question 9

Groups of stars that seem to form a pattern are called __________.

Question 10

__________ is the apparent change in position of an object due to the change in position of the observer.

Question 11

__________ first proposed the heliocentric Universe.

Question 12

In the geocentric Universe, a series of concentric __________ __________ made of transparent crystal surround the Earth.

Question 13

Planets show sometimes __________ motion with respect to the stars.

A) retrospect
B) returning
C) repeated
D) retrograde

Question 14

Ptolemy modified the celestial sphere model to incorporate __________ __________.

Question 15

A/an __________ __________ uses a curved mirror to collect light and focus an image.

Question 16

The dipper is a __________ in Earth's night sky.

A) concentration
B) consternation
C) confusion
D) constellation

Question 17

Aristotle proposed a __________ Universe.

A) heliocentric
B) geocentric
C) parallax
D) retrograde

Question 18

As the Earth rotates on its axis, it wobbles in a motion called __________.

Question 19

The Moon is __________ after a new moon and before a full moon.

Question 20

In Aristotle's model, celestial __________ surround Earth.

A) prisms
B) cubes
C) spheres
D) ellipsoids

Question 21

Right after full moon, the Moon goes into the __________ phase.

A) waning crescent
B) waxing crescent
C) waning gibbous
D) waxing gibbous

Question 22

Different stars and constellations are visible during different seasons because:

A) the Sun's revolution around the Earth changes our view of the night sky.
B) the Earth makes one complete rotation on its axis every 24 hours.
C) parallax shows a shift in the relative positions of the stars.
D) the Earth's revolution around the Sun changes our view of the night sky.

Question 23

The model that we use today to describe the motion of the heavenly bodies:

A) is the heliocentric model.
B) is the geocentric model.
C) states that a sequence of celestial spheres surround the Earth.
D) states that the Earth reverses direction in its orbit in a process called retrograde motion.

Question 24

In the Northern Hemisphere, the Pole Star:

A) appears in the summer and is invisible during the winter months.
B) circles the sky relative to the other stars.
C) disappears completely every 29.5 days.
D) remains motionless in the sky and all other stars appear to revolve around it.

Question 25

The apparent change in position of an object due to a change in the position of the observer is called:

A) retrograde motion.
B) resolution.
C) parallax.
D) red shift.

Question 26

If a star is moving away from Earth, the Doppler effect will cause the frequency of the star's light to shift to a __________ frequency, causing a __________ shift.

A) higher, red
B) higher, blue
C) lower, blue
D) lower, red
Multiple Choice

Question 27

The __________ is the narrow band on Earth where the Sun is completely blocked out during a solar eclipse.

A) corona
B) umbra
C) penumbra
D) resolution

Question 28

Kepler calculated that the planets move in:

A) circular orbits.
B) elliptical orbits.
C) angular orbits.
D) parallax orbits.

Question 29

The Moon does not emit its own light; it reflects light from __________.

A) the Sun
B) Earth
C) Mars
D) Orion

Question 30

If we knew that the Sun rose every morning in the east and set every evening in the west, approximately 12 hours later, but we had no other information, which of the following conclusions would be reasonable?

A) The Sun orbits around the Earth once every 365 days.
B) The Sun orbits around the Earth once every 24 hours.
C) The Earth orbits around the Sun once every 365 days.
D) The Earth rotates on its axis once every 365 days.

Question 31

The constellation Orion is visible from North America during winter but is not seen on summer evenings. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Orion cannot be seen during the summer because the Sun is located between Orion and the Earth.
B) Orion is visible from South America during the summer.
C) Orion is visible from the opposite side of the Earth, in India, during the summer.
D) The stars in Orion pulsate, so they shine brightly for six months and then are dark for six months.

Question 32

__________ modified Aristotle's model in about 150 CE by incorporating retrograde motion.

A) Ptolemy
B) Newton
C) Brahe
D) Copernicus

Question 33

The Sun completes an orbit around the center of the Milky Way in about __________ years.

A) 20
B) 200
C) 20,000
D) 200 million

Question 34

For each complete orbit around the Sun, the Earth spins approximately __________ times.

A) 29.5
B) 365
C) 2
D) 12

Question 35

The phase following new moon is the __________ moon.

A) waning crescent
B) waxing crescent
C) waning gibbous
D) waxing gibbous

Question 36

Copernicus was the first to propose a __________ Universe.

A) heliocentric
B) geocentric
C) parallax
D) retrograde

Question 37

The waxing gibbous moon:

A) occurs just after the full moon and shows just a small sliver of brightness.
B) is a thin crescent that forms after the new moon.
C) occurs 10 days after a new moon and shows a small sliver of darkness.
D) is a thin crescent that forms after the full moon.

Question 38

The movement of planets in orbits rather than flying off into space in straight lines was first explained by:

A) Newton.
B) Galileo.
C) Aristotle.
D) Copernicus.

Question 39

Newton recognized that __________ holds the planets in their orbits around the Sun.

A) retrograde motion
B) parallax
C) gravity
D) rotation

Question 40

An eclipse of the Moon occurs:

A) when the Moon lies directly between the Sun and Earth.
B) when the Earth's shadow is cast on the Moon.
C) when the Moon's shadow is cast on the Earth.
D) during the new moon.

Question 41

The Doppler effect causes light from an object moving away from Earth to reach us at a lower frequency than it had when it was emitted.

Question 42

Aristotle proposed a heliocentric Universe.

Question 43

As light passes from the hot interior of a star through the cooler outer layers:

A) some wavelengths are selectively reflected in the star's outer atmosphere.
B) some wavelengths are selectively absorbed in the star's outer atmosphere.
C) all of the energy is absorbed.
D) all of the energy is transmitted.

Question 44

Constellations as observed from Earth do not change with the seasons.

Question 45

More than 99.99 percent of the spectrum is visible to the naked eye.

Question 46

Astronomers discovered the element helium in the Sun 27 years before it was discovered on Earth.

Question 47

A full moon occurs when the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and its entire sunlit area is visible.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about eclipses is true?

A) A solar eclipse occurs every full moon.
B) A lunar eclipse occurs every full moon.
C) A solar eclipse occurs every new moon.
D) none of these

Question 49

The frequency of light waves:

A) does not change with relative motion.
B) can be used to determine the chemical composition of stars.
C) changes with relative motion.
D) is called constellation.
True/False

Question 50

When the Moon passes directly between the Earth and Sun, it produces a/an:

A) solar eclipse.
B) absorption spectrum.
C) constellation.
D) lunar eclipse.

Question 51

An object moves in a straight line unless a force is exerted on it.

Question 52

Planets sometimes appear to reverse direction in the night sky and drift westward.

Question 53

Copernicus proposed the geocentric Universe.

Question 54

Mars actually reverses its orbital direction to preserve the conservation of momentum.

Question 55

The geocentric Universe easily explains retrograde motion.

Question 56

The Moon does not emit its own light; it reflects light from the Earth.

Question 57

Ptolemy modified the geocentric model to explain the retrograde motion of the planets.

Question 58

Absorption spectra can be used to detect:

A) the chemical composition of a star.
B) temperature and pressures in the core of a star.
C) the mass of a star.
D) the age of a star.

Question 59

Normally, the Moon lies out of the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun.

Question 60

Newton was the first person to recognize that gravity was a universal force.