Deck 13: The Periapical Examinationparalleling Technique

Question 1

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Determining horizontal angulation is the same for both the bisecting and the paralleling techniques.
B) Vertical angulation is accomplished by directing the central ray parallel to the image receptor.
C) Angulation is changed by rotating the tube head horizontally and vertically.
D) To change horizontal angulation, the tube head is swiveled from side to side.

Answer 1

Vertical angulation is accomplished by directing the central ray parallel to the image receptor.

Question 2

Conditions that would indicate the need for a periapical radiograph include each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXEPTION?

A) Abscess
B) Cleft palate
C) Large caries
D) Root fracture

Answer 2

Abscess

Question 3

Each of the following statements regarding the fundamentals of periapical radiographs is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Periapical radiographs may be taken using the paralleling or bisecting technique.
B) Placement of the image receptor-holding device must be evaluated to avoid angulation errors.
C) The patient's finger can be used to hold a large image receptor in position in the oral cavity.
D) The size of image receptor chosen depends on the shape and size of the dental arches.

Answer 3

The patient's finger can be used to hold a large image receptor in position in the oral cavity.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding orientation of a film packet is FALSE?

A) The white, unprinted side of the film packet must face the source of radiation.
B) The identification dot should be positioned toward the apices of the teeth when placing periapical radiographs.
C) The identification dot is used during interpretation of the radiograph to distinguish between the patient's left and right sides.
D) The film may be positioned with the long dimension vertically or horizontally when placing posterior bitewing radiographs.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Vertical angulation is usually described in millimeters.
B) Vertical angulation of the tube head and PID begins at 90 degrees.
C) To change vertical angulation, the tube head is swiveled from side to side.
D) When the open end of the PID is tilted toward the floor, the vertical angle is positive.

Question 6

Each of the following statements regarding the point of entry is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Incorrect point of entry results in cone cut error.
B) Care must be taken to center the image receptor within the beam of radiation.
C) The open end of the PID should be placed two inches from the patient's skin.
D) An image receptor holder with an external aiming device aids in locating the point of entry.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an intraoral radiograph?

A) Occlusal
B) Bitewing
C) Panoramic
D) Periapical

Question 8

A minimum of how many periapical radiographs should make up a full mouth survey for most adult patients?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a shadow-casting principle?

A) Use the largest possible source of radiation (focal spot).
B) The tooth should be as far as possible from the source of radiation.
C) The tooth and image receptor should be as close together as possible.
D) The tooth and image receptor should be parallel to each other.

Question 10

The paralleling technique is also called the:

A) right-angle technique.
B) extension-cone technique.
C) long-cone technique.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Which of these statements is FALSE?

A) Bitewing radiographs record the apices of teeth and surrounding bone.
B) Bitewing radiographs record the coronal portions of teeth and alveolar crests of both arches.
C) Periapical radiographs may be taken using the bisecting or paralleling technique.
D) Occlusal radiographs record the maxillary or mandibular arch (or a portion thereof) on a single image receptor.

Question 12

Radiographs are shadow images on an image receptor.

Question 13

Which of these statements is FALSE?

A) The two basic techniques employed in intraoral radiography are bisecting and paralleling.
B) The paralleling technique arose through application of the rule of isometry.
C) Both the paralleling and the bisecting techniques can be modified to meet special conditions.
D) The paralleling technique is newer than the bisecting technique.

Question 14

The identification dot on an intraoral radiograph film is used to:

A) provide a comparative reference to pathology.
B) identify buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth.
C) distinguish occlusal or incisal edges from apices.
D) distinguish between the patient's right and left sides.

Question 15

Which of these statements is FALSE?

A) Negative angulation directs the central ray upward toward the ceiling.
B) Accurate vertical angulation is more important to the paralleling than the bisecting technique.
C) 0˚ vertical angulation directs the PID parallel to the floor.
D) Vertical angulation refers to directing the PID up and down.

Question 16

Periapical radiographs can be taken with each of the following image receptor sizes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 17

Which of these statements is FALSE?

A) Incorrect vertical angulation results in overlapped contact points.
B) Negative angulation is generally used for exposure of the mandibular arch.
C) Positive angulation is generally used for exposure of the maxillary arch.
D) An image receptor will aid the radiographer in determining the correct angulations.

Question 18

The open end of the PID should almost touch the face with its midpoint centered over the point of entry before exposure.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A minimum of 10 periapical radiographs is required for a full mouth survey on an adult patient.
B) The long dimension of the image receptor is positioned horizontally in the posterior regions.
C) A size #1 image receptor is the best fit for the canine region.
D) Six size #2 image receptors may be used to record the maxillary and mandibular anterior region.

Question 20

Each of the following is standard placement for a full mouth series of periapical radiographs using a size #2 image receptor on an adult patient EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Four incisor periapical radiograph
B) Four canine periapical radiographs
C) Four premolar periapical radiographs
D) Four molar periapical radiographs

Question 21

The purpose of the periapical examination is to record the crowns and alveolar bone crests of the teeth in both arches on one radiograph.

Question 22

Which of the two techniques for obtaining intraoral radiographs is considered the technique of choice?

Question 23

The word "periapical" is derived from the Greek word peri (meaning around) and the Latin word apex (meaning highest point).

Question 24

Periapical radiographs can image only one tooth on each radiograph.

Question 25

The bitewing technique could be considered a modification of the bisecting technique used for exposing periapical radiographs.

Question 26

The technique used to image bitewing radiographs is unique to the bitewing exam.

Question 27

The size #3 film or phosphor plate is used exclusively for occlusal radiographs of adult patients, and the size #4 film or phosphor plate is used exclusively for horizontal bitewing radiographs of adult patients.

Question 28

The periapical examination is sometimes referred to as an interproximal radiograph.

Question 29

While the use of a size #2 image receptor for anterior periapical radiographs is acceptable, the narrower size #1 image receptor may fit this area better.

Question 30

An image receptor holding device should be used to position intraoral radiographs.

Question 31

Periapical image receptors for exposure of anterior areas are placed with the long dimension vertically.

Question 32

Neither the paralleling nor the bisecting technique completely meets all five requirements for accurate shadow casting in all regions of the oral cavity on all patient types.

Question 33

The correct horizontal and vertical angulations are critical to producing quality periapical radiographs.

Question 34

The bisecting technique originated from the rule of isometry.

Question 35

The bitewing survey may consist of two to eight radiographs.

Question 36

Periapical image receptors for exposure of posterior areas are placed with the long dimension vertically.

Question 37

Placing the dot in the slot of the film holder positions the identification dot toward the apices of teeth.

Question 38

Have film holders always been used in dental radiography?

Question 39

The identification dot should be placed toward the apices of the teeth when exposing periapical radiographs.

Question 40

All vertical angle deviations from zero in which the tip of the PID is tilted toward the floor are called "negative angulations."

Question 41

What will assist the radiographer with directing the x-ray beam at the correct angle?

Question 42

What are the units used to describe angulation?

Question 43

Aligning the PID in the vertical and horizontal dimensions is called what?

Question 44

What device is used to facilitate positioning the image receptor, film or digital sensor parallel to the teeth?

Question 45

What is the spot on the surface of the patient's face toward which the central ray is directed called?

Question 46

Why is it important to not position the embossed dot on the film near the apices of the teeth?

Question 47

Why is the paralleling technique the technique of choice over the bisecting technique for intraoral radiographs?

Question 48

Where should the open end of the PID be placed relative to the patient for radiographic exposures?