Deck 20: Image Orientation and Introduction to Interpretation

Question 1

What agency sets and enforces regulations that protect the radiographer from infection in the oral health care setting?

A) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
B) The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
C) The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
D) The Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Answer 1

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 2

Which of these statements is FALSE?

A) All containers holding developer and fixer must be labeled.
B) Developer and fixer manufacturers are required to provide labels for their product.
C) Chemical labels must be at least 3 inches by 5 inches in size.
D) Towels used to wipe a spill must be placed in a labeled container for disposal.

Answer 2

Chemical labels must be at least 3 inches by 5 inches in size.

Question 3

Which of these is NOT considered PPE?

A) Mask
B) Gloves
C) Eyewear
D) Radiation monitoring device

Answer 3

Radiation monitoring device

Question 4

Accidentally mixing developer with fixer, even in minute droplets, will result in:

A) the release of an irritating sulphur dioxide gas.
B) contamination of the processing chemicals.
C) lower-quality radiographs.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Switching from film-based radiography to a digital imaging system will eliminate the need for managing each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Disinfectant
B) Developer
C) Fixer
D) Lead foils

Question 6

Each of the following statements concerning the need for proper disposal of old radiographs is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) The amount of silver remaining in the film will depend on the density.
B) Unprocessed films will have more silver ions than processed films.
C) The lighter the radiograph, the larger the amount of silver remaining on the film.
D) Radiographs contain silver that should be recovered or recycled prior to disposal into the waste stream.

Question 7

Waste materials that present a threat to community health or the environment are called:

A) hazardous.
B) biodegradable.
C) recycled.
D) microbial.

Question 8

All intra- and extraoral film should be stored in:

A) a lead-lined storage box.
B) a disinfected drawer in the operatory.
C) the original packaging until ready for use.
D) the darkroom.

Question 9

Who is responsible for reviewing the MSDS?

A) The dentist
B) The dental assistant
C) The dental hygienist
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which of these is the name of the synthetic rubber used in utility gloves that protect the radiographer when handling chemicals?

A) Vinyl
B) Neoprene
C) Nitrile
D) Latex

Question 11

Which of these does NOT need an OSHA Hazard Communication Standard label?

A) Lead foil
B) Developer
C) Fixer
D) Disinfectant

Question 12

Acidic means having a pH:

A) of 7.
B) less than 7.
C) greater than 7.

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Under normal conditions, fixer should not cause respiratory difficulty.
B) If heated sufficiently, developer releases a gas that may cause respiratory difficulty.
C) Prolonged contact with aerosols from processing chemistry may irritate individuals with asthma.
D) If processing chemical mist or vapors are inhaled, proceed immediately to the eyewash station.

Question 14

A chemical manufacturer may not have to reveal ingredients of a product unless:

A) another manufacturer used the same ingredient in their product.
B) a medical emergency arises when a radiographer is using the chemical.
C) the chemical is known to produce a hazardous waste.
D) OSHA mandates that all chemicals be revealed on the MSDS.

Question 15

What gloves best protect the radiographer during processing chemical replenishment?

A) Plastic overgloves
B) Nitrile utility gloves
C) Vinyl treatment gloves
D) Powdered latex gloves

Question 16

The interaction of fixer with the silver ions in the emulsion of film produces:

A) sodium carbonate solution.
B) a hydroquinone-elon combination.
C) silver halide molecules.
D) silver thiosulphate complex.

Question 17

A chemical that is capable of being broken down into harmless products by living organisms such as those found in a wastewater treatment facility is considered:

A) environmentally friendly.
B) user friendly.
C) biodegradable.
D) neutral.

Question 18

MSDS list each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) The amount of product the practice can legally store
B) Chemical ingredients and common name
C) Potential hazards of working with the product
D) Requirements for safe handling and storage

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT considered a hazardous waste?

A) Lead foils from film packets
B) Used processing chemicals
C) Broken digital sensors
D) Discarded film mounts

Question 20

Alkaline means having a pH:

A) of 7.
B) less than 7.
C) greater than 7.

Question 21

The individual dental practice is a small generator of hazardous wastes.

Question 22

Developer is considered to be more acidic than fixer.

Question 23

A manufacturer of a developer chemical may not have to disclose a trade secret ingredient, except in an emergency.

Question 24

The water flow of a properly functioning emergency eyewash station must be at least 1 gallon per minute.

Question 25

An emergency eyewash station must be within 25 feet of where processing chemicals are handled.

Question 26

Procedures for safe handling of developer differ from those recommendations for handling fixer.

Question 27

The EPA requires that manufacturers of developer and fixer supply MSDS to the oral health care practices that purchase these products.

Question 28

The radiographer must be able to access an emergency eyewash station within 10 seconds of the area where automatic rollers are cleaned.

Question 29

Fixer is caustic.

Question 30

Cleaning products, like those used to clean automatic processing rollers, do not require MSDS.

Question 31

Unused radiographic films should be stored in lead-lined boxes especially made for this purpose.

Question 32

The radiographer should not handle the lead foils from film packets unless the hands are protected with gloves.

Question 33

Dentists are required by OSHA to obtain and keep on file an MSDS for every chemical product used in the practice.

Question 34

If splashed into the eyes, developer would be more easily washed away in the emergency eyewash station than fixer.

Question 35

If disinfectant should contact the skin, the recommended treatment is to flush immediately with copious amounts of water.

Question 36

Developer and fixer should be stored in their original containers.

Question 37

Contact lenses should be removed prior to using the emergency eyewash station.

Question 38

Sodium thiosulphate found in used fixer of dental radiographic processors is actually a very stable compound.

Question 39

The EPA sets and enforces regulations that protect the radiographer from infection in the oral health care setting.

Question 40

Switching from film-based radiography to digital imaging systems will eliminate the need for protocol for disposing of hazardous wastes.

Question 41

List the requirements of an emergency eyewash station.

Question 42

Describe at least 10 general recommendations for safe handling of hazardous chemicals used in dental radiography.

Question 43

What happens if fixer chemicals are accidentally mixed with developer?

Question 44

List personal protective equipment (PPE) required for safe handling of processing chemicals.

Question 45

Describe the appropriate use of an emergency eyewash station.

Question 46

What does the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard state is the purpose of a product label?

Question 47

Identify those materials and chemicals used for dental radiography that are considered hazardous wastes.

Question 48

Name two agencies responsible for recommendations and regulations regarding safe handling of chemicals and other potentially harmful materials, and for the management of hazardous wastes used in dental radiography.

Question 49

What information is listed on a product's MSDS?

Question 50

What chemicals used in radiographic procedures are required to have MSDS and product labels obtained from the manufacturer?