Deck 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

You are designing a research study to test the effectiveness of a new type of treatment program for alcohol use disorder,and you want to be able to assess changes in your subjects' craving for alcohol.Which of the following would be a good index of their craving?

A)the amount of alcohol they drink
B)the discomfort they experience when they don't drink
C)their need to increase the amount that they drink
D)the amount of time they spend planning to drink

Answer 1

the amount of time they spend planning to drink

Question 2

Which term describes central nervous system depressants that are used to relieve anxiety?

A)opiates
B)hypnotics
C)analgesics
D)anxiolytics

Answer 2

anxiolytics

Question 3

When a heavy drinker stops drinking alcohol,what happens to his biological system that causes withdrawal symptoms?

A)It is deprived of essential vitamins.
B)It has become psychologically dependent.
C)It rebounds after functioning in a chronically depressed state.
D)It rebounds after functioning in a chronically stimulated state.

Answer 3

It rebounds after functioning in a chronically depressed state.

Question 4

Ernest Hemingway,whose case is presented in your textbook,suffered from

A)anxiety disorder.
B)cocaine use disorder.
C)alcohol use disorder.
D)borderline personality disorder.

Question 5

Previous versions of the diagnostic manual used the term ____________________ to describe substance use disorders that were at least moderate in severity.

A)substance abuse
B)anhedonia
C)substance dependence
D)self-destructive tendencies

Question 6

What type of drug is alcohol?

A)opiate
B)analgesic
C)central nervous system stimulant
D)central nervous system depressant

Question 7

In recent years,the term addiction is being used to describe other kinds of impulsive behavior problems,including

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)pathological gambling.
C)antisocial personality disorder.
D)specific phobias.

Question 8

Polysubstance abuse refers to abuse of

A)synthetic drugs.
B)more serious drugs.
C)prescription drugs.
D)several types of drugs.

Question 9

For a class assignment,you are asked to find information on cocaine.A reference book on drugs lists them by major category.Under which category will you find cocaine?

A)opiates
B)stimulants
C)depressants
D)hallucinogens

Question 10

In one type of tolerance,cues that are regularly associated with the administration of a drug begin to function as conditioned stimuli and elicit a conditioned response that is opposite in direction to the natural effect of the drug in the process of __________ conditioning.

A)tolerance
B)drug
C)metabolic
D)behavioral

Question 11

DSM-5 defines substance use disorders in terms of

A)addiction.
B)tolerance and withdrawal.
C)craving and lack of control.
D)a maladaptive pattern of behaviors.

Question 12

The process in which neurons adapt to psychoactive drug use by reducing the number of receptors or by reducing their sensitivity to the drug is known __________ regulation.

A)down
B)up
C)neuron
D)metabolic

Question 13

Metabolic tolerance involves changes in _____________ while pharmacodynamic tolerance involves changes in _____________.

A)neurons / enzymes
B)enzymes / neurons
C)brain / neuron
D)neuron / brain

Question 14

While watching a television show,you hear one of the characters,a physician,talking about narcotic analgesics.What is another name for these drugs?

A)opiates
B)hypnotics
C)cannabinoids
D)benzodiazepines

Question 15

According the World Health Organization,______ use was responsible for 5 percent of the total burden of disease and disability worldwide in 2004.

A)heroin
B)alcohol
C)cocaine
D)marijuana

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of psychological dependence on alcohol?

A)not wanting to drink alone
B)drinking to relieve negative moods
C)the ability to drink more and more over time
D)cognitive impairments due to alcohol abuse

Question 17

Which of the following offers a useful basis for distinguishing between people who are dependent on alcohol and those who are not?

A)legal involvement due to drinking
B)the amount of money spent on alcohol
C)the number of problems due to drinking
D)the amount of alcohol consumed each week

Question 18

What term is used to describe chemicals that can alter a person's mood,perception,or brain functioning?

A)legal drugs
B)illegal drugs
C)psychoactive substances
D)exogenous brain substances

Question 19

Tolerance for a psychoactive substance refers to

A)withdrawal.
B)psychological dependence.
C)the ability to consume several drugs at the same time with limited adverse effects.
D)requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effect that lower doses once achieved.

Question 20

Your friend misses work and has serious family difficulties because he uses drugs.However,he is not addicted to drugs.What DSM-5 diagnosis should be made in this case?

A)substance use disorder
B)substance abuse
C)substance dependence
D)substance ingestion habit

Question 21

A research participant in a study of drug effects has experienced a brief,intense,dreamlike euphoria with a sense of increased visual and auditory sensitivity.The brief sense of pleasure is very powerful.Which drug has this subject likely received?

A)PCP
B)LSD
C)heroin
D)cocaine

Question 22

Which of the following are signs of alcohol intoxication according to DSM-5?

A)anhedonia,hallucinations,and delusions
B)nystagmus,rapid heart beat,and convulsions
C)slurred speech,lack of coordination,and nystagmus
D)feelings of pleasure,nausea,and constriction of the pupils of the eye

Question 23

Based on reports from people who use drugs,which psychoactive substance is least associated with tolerance and withdrawal effects?

A)opiates
B)sedatives and hypnotics
C)hallucinogens
D)cocaine

Question 24

Your textbook suggests that withdrawal from nicotine is on a par with withdrawal from

A)heroin.
B)LSD.
C)marijuana.
D)sugar.

Question 25

Which category of drugs is made up of those used to treat anxiety disorders and sleeping problems?

A)opiates
B)stimulants
C)benzodiazepines
D)selective serotonin reuptake blockers

Question 26

The police find a man in a seedy part of town; he looks in "bad shape," so they call for an ambulance.On the way to the hospital,the paramedic calls the hospital base with the following description: approximately 50-year-old white male,heavy sweating,hand tremors,seems delirious,and appears to be experiencing hallucinations.When the patient arrives at the hospital,the emergency room physician suspects that the patient is experiencing

A)cocaine withdrawal.
B)barbiturate overdose.
C)a schizophrenic episode.
D)alcohol withdrawal delirium.

Question 27

What is the physiological basis of the short-term effects of nicotine?

A)blocks the release of GABA and acetylcholine
B)increases the release of GABA and acetylcholine
C)blocks the release of norepinephrine and dopamine
D)increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 28

The police found a man along the highway.They immediately transported him to the emergency room where it was determined that his alcohol concentration was 600 mg percent.The police report probably described him as

A)dead.
B)stuporous.
C)unconscious.
D)uncoordinated.

Question 29

What is a blackout?

A)losing consciousness and passing out
B)a time-limited period of dementia
C)an experience of nausea and vomiting
D)an inability to remember what has happened

Question 30

Charles is administered a blood alcohol level test,and the results show 400 mg percent.Which of the following characterizes his state?

A)slightly intoxicated
B)very intoxicated,at risk of slipping into coma
C)unaffected by the small amount he drank earlier
D)his driving is impaired,but he could walk home

Question 31

Why are cocaine and amphetamines called stimulant drugs?

A)They activate the sympathetic nervous system.
B)They activate the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)They reduce the level of GABA available in the brain.
D)They increase the level of GABA available in the brain.

Question 32

Prolonged use of amphetamines has been linked to an increase in violent behavior,but it is not easy to interpret this link because

A)there are many different definitions of violence.
B)people are usually not willing to admit that they have taken amphetamines.
C)the violence could be due to a drug user's lifestyle,not the drug itself.
D)very few people actually engage in prolonged use of amphetamines.

Question 33

In your role as a police officer,you sometimes come across individuals who seem to be hallucinating and have delusions of persecution.In addition to the possibility that these individuals may have a mental disorder or be under the influence of various hallucinogenic drugs,you must also consider the possibility of

A)marijuana withdrawal.
B)amphetamine use.
C)acute depression.
D)nicotine withdrawal.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between death and the misuse of alcohol?

A)Alcohol is responsible for relatively few deaths directly.
B)Alcohol related deaths due to injury are more common among young men.
C)Alcohol related deaths due to disease are more common among young men.
D)The number of alcohol-related deaths in the U.S.has been steadily declining for the past 20 years.

Question 35

Which of the following might a person suffering from alcohol withdrawal delirium experience?

A)amnesia
B)auditory hallucinations
C)pharmacodynamic tolerance
D)metabolic tolerance

Question 36

The families of drugs that include barbiturates and benzodiazepines are also known informally as

A)opiates.
B)sedatives.
C)narcotics.
D)neuroleptics.

Question 37

Alex is listening to a lecture on the history of opiate drugs,and he learns something that he finds very surprising.What has he heard the lecturer say?

A)"Heroin is a synthetic opiate made from morphine."
B)"Heroin has actually been legally available by prescription in the U.S.for years."
C)"Heroin is a synthetic drug that was originally developed as an antidepressant."
D)"Heroin is not really an opiate because it is synthetic and does not actually come from poppies."

Question 38

What is the legal limit of alcohol concentration for driving in most states,as measured in the number of milligrams (mg)of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (percent)?

A)10 mg percent
B)80 mg percent
C)160 mg percent
D)300 mg percent

Question 39

People who stop taking relatively high doses of benzodiazepines can experience an abrupt return of the original anxiety they were using the drugs to suppress.This is called

A)a return of the repressed.
B)high anxiety.
C)the rebound anxiety syndrome.
D)a discontinuance syndrome.

Question 40

The active substances in opium are

A)LSD and PCP.
B)cocaine and heroin.
C)codeine and morphine.
D)marijuana and cocaine.

Question 41

Although the course of alcoholism is different in every individual,nearly all cases of alcoholism involve

A)onset before age 20.
B)antisocial behavior.
C)a predictable sequence of phases.
D)alternating periods of heavy use and abstinence.

Question 42

What pattern of drinking-related behavior was reported by Vaillant in his longitudinal study of males?

A)Most of the men stopped drinking prior to age 30.
B)Those who remained abstinent for six years were unlikely to relapse.
C)The majority of the men drank so heavily,they were dead before the age of 40.
D)The rate of abstinence was low and changed little over the course of the follow-up.

Question 43

Follow-up studies of adults who used cannabis over a period of several years

A)found some evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug.
B)did not find evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug.
C)found evidence of brain damage in several areas of the central nervous system.
D)found evidence of cognitive enhancement in creative skills.

Question 44

Which of the following is likely to be experienced while under the influence of MDMA,also known as ecstasy?

A)trouble retaining and organizing information
B)increased aggressive behaviors
C)difficulty regulating body temperature
D)vivid hallucinations

Question 45

Tolerance and withdrawal are considered the __________ criteria included in the definition of alcohol use disorder.

A)impaired control
B)social impairment
C)pharmacological
D)risky use

Question 46

As a behavioral advisor to the World Health Organization,you are required to assess drug use and abuse in indigenous populations.You have been assigned to study the South American natives' use of coca leaves,which are part of the plant from which cocaine is derived.In reading about past findings,you discover that these native groups

A)have very few drug use problems.
B)have very serious drug use problems.
C)are so hostile to the World Health Organization that no studies have been done.
D)have almost been wiped out due to local drug wars.

Question 47

The workgroup that prepared the definition of substance use disorders that is used in DSM-5 collapsed substance dependence and substance abuse into a single disorder with a continuous range of severity.In the case of alcohol,this disorder is called

A)delirium tremens.
B)alcohol use disorder.
C)Korsakoff's disorder.
D)alcoholism.

Question 48

What evidence led developers of DSM-5 to remove the distinction between substance abuse and substance dependence?

A)Substance abuse was moved to the impulse control disorders section.
B)Substance abuse was removed because abusers do not suffer serious impairment.
C)People who abuse substances are always dependent on substances.
D)Evidence suggests dependence and abuse are not clearly distinct forms of disorder.

Question 49

People who stop taking hallucinogens after continued use

A)usually experience flashbacks.
B)show significant withdrawal effects.
C)often return to drug use.
D)show no withdrawal effects.

Question 50

Why are amphetamines the most serious drug problem in Japan?

A)Amphetamines are readily available as over-the-counter diet aids.
B)There is a limited amount of land for cultivation of plant-based drugs; since amphetamines are synthetic drugs,they are more easily available.
C)Government agencies have managed to intercept most shipments of drugs that have a detectable odor.
D)These drugs have a long history of use by people who want to boost their energy so that they can work an increased number of hours.

Question 51

What hallucinogen,at high doses,can induce psychotic behavior,including delusional thinking,catatonic behavior,manic excitement,and sudden mood changes?

A)LSD
B)PCP
C)cocaine
D)alcohol

Question 52

Which problems commonly occur along with alcoholism?

A)schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
B)adjustment disorder and somatization disorder
C)mood disorder and antisocial personality disorder
D)dependent personality disorder and specific phobia

Question 53

While out in the wild,a group of vacationers pick some mushrooms.Later in the day,they use them in cooking the evening meal.Several members of the group begin to experience strange sensations and even hallucinations.The drug in the mushrooms was most likely

A)PCP.
B)marijuana.
C)psilocybin.
D)exogenous opiates.

Question 54

Which of the following must a person exhibit in order to be diagnosed with alcohol use disorder in DSM-5?

A)hallucinations
B)difficulty regulating body temperature
C)a problematic pattern of use
D)high levels of anxiety

Question 55

Cannabis intoxication is often accompanied by temporal disintegration.This means that

A)the drug breaks down quickly in the body.
B)people have trouble retaining and organizing information.
C)intoxication can quickly lead to a nervous breakdown.
D)intoxication leads to social withdrawal and isolation.

Question 56

What is the most common active ingredient in marijuana?

A)LSD
B)PCP
C)THC
D)LOB

Question 57

Out of all men and women who have ever used alcohol,approximately ____ percent will develop serious alcohol related problems.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)50

Question 58

You have been asked to design a targeted drug prevention program.Your task is to decide on which sex,if any,should receive more attention.You decide that it depends on which drug or drugs are under consideration and that

A)for alcohol abuse only,the focus should be on women,who have a higher rate of alcohol abuse.
B)for drug abuse,in general,the focus should be on women,who have a higher rate than men.
C)for drug abuse,in general,the focus should be on men,who have the highest rate.
D)for drug abuse,in general,the rates are equal,so each sex will have to be targeted.

Question 59

You are a psychologist for a drug treatment program aimed at adolescents.In evaluating new clients,you would be most concerned about the long-term continuous use of which substance?

A)PCP
B)psilocybin mushrooms
C)LSD
D)MDMA

Question 60

Mindy was just arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI).Why would we not necessarily diagnose Mindy with an alcohol use disorder?

A)She is female,and alcohol use disorder is only seen in males.
B)DSM excludes DWI as a criterion for alcohol use disorder.
C)DSM requires a recurrent pattern of problematic use.
D)Intoxication is not pathological.

Question 61

What have researchers concluded from research on the concordance rates of monozygotic (MZ)and dizygotic (DZ)twins?

A)The role for genetics is much larger for males than it is for females.
B)Genetic factors play a small role in etiology of alcoholism among women.
C)Similar concordance rates for MZ and DZ twins suggest no significant role for genetics.
D)Concordance rates suggest a role for genetics,and higher concordance rates among males reflect the higher prevalence of alcoholism among males.

Question 62

Which age group has the highest prevalence rates for alcohol dependence?

A)adolescents
B)the elderly
C)young adults
D)the middle aged

Question 63

Scientists who study the biological basis of addiction have devoted considerable attention to understanding the rewarding properties of drugs.Much of this attention has focused on

A)serotonin.
B)dopamine.
C)norepinephrine.
D)GABA.

Question 64

Genetic factors in the cause of alcohol abuse could be somewhat indirect.It has been suggested,for example,that genes that influence __________________ may cause a person to be more likely to risk alcohol dependence.

A)intelligence
B)depression
C)ADHD
D)sensation seeking

Question 65

Why are investigators interested in the fast flush phenomenon?

A)It is often seen in people of Asian ancestry and might explain why they drink less.
B)It is often seen in people of Asian ancestry and might explain why they drink more.
C)It is often seen in young people and might explain why they drink more.
D)It is often seen in females and might explain why they drink less.

Question 66

What evidence has been cited by scientists who propose that alcoholism is related to endogenous opioid production?

A)Alcohol is an opioid derivative.
B)Rats given morphine refuse alcohol.
C)The symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and heroin are similar.
D)Opioid-antagonists can reduce the subjective "high" of drinking.

Question 67

Several genes that affect the reception of which neurotransmitter have been seen to correlate with the risk of alcohol dependence?

A)norepinephrine
B)GABA
C)serotonin
D)MAO

Question 68

You have access to an fMRI facility and plan to study brain regions associated with drug addiction.You advise your team that it would be wise to focus on the

A)reward pathways of the brain.
B)hippocampus.
C)cerebellum.
D)substantia nigra.

Question 69

Which of the following conclusions about the genetics of alcohol use disorders can be legitimately drawn from adoption studies?

A)Genetics do not play a very significant role.
B)There appears to be a strong association between genetics and the etiology of alcohol use disorder.
C)Being reared by an alcoholic parent can fully account for the known risk.
D)There is too much inconsistency in the studies to allow us to draw any conclusions.

Question 70

Which of the following characteristics are strong predictors of adolescents' initial experimentation with drugs?

A)extroversion and agreeableness
B)introversion and impulsiveness
C)rebelliousness and extroversion
D)introversion and conscientiousness

Question 71

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)Younger people do not drink as much alcohol as older people drink.
B)Older people do not drink as much alcohol as younger people drink.
C)Younger men drink less alcohol than older men drink.
D)There is not a significant difference in the drinking habits between young and old.

Question 72

What is the estimated heritability of serious alcohol-related problems?

A)13 percent
B)33 percent
C)66 percent
D)86 percent

Question 73

According to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions,the lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is approximately what percentage of the general population?

A)5
B)15
C)30
D)50

Question 74

The lifetime prevalence of alcoholism among families of alcoholics is higher than in the general population,by a factor of about

A)2.
B)3 to 5.
C)10 to15.
D)20.

Question 75

Which of the following are you most likely to find among the elderly in the United States?

A)higher rates of alcohol abuse than among younger people
B)higher rates of drug abuse than among younger people
C)prescription drug abuse and dependence
D)illegal drug abuse and dependence

Question 76

In the absence of other etiological factors for alcohol use disorder,being raised by an alcoholic parent

A)still significantly increases the chance of developing the disorder.
B)does not appear to be a critical consideration in the development of the disorder.
C)increases the risk of alcohol dependence,but decreases the risk of abuse.
D)reduces the risk of alcohol related problems but increases the risk of drug related problems.

Question 77

According the National Comorbidity Study,the lifetime prevalence of nicotine dependence is approximately ______ percent.

A)2
B)12
C)24
D)40

Question 78

How does the rate of alcohol problems compare in men and women?

A)Although the difference in the rates is narrowing,the rate is still much higher among men.
B)The rate is much higher among males,and the difference in rates between males and females is growing larger.
C)Community surveys indicate that the rates are virtually identical.
D)Although in the past males have had much higher rates,females now have higher rates.

Question 79

Alcohol-related disorders are

A)on the decline in the United States.
B)relatively rare forms of mental disorders.
C)among the most common forms of mental disorders in the United States.
D)not studied extensively enough to draw firm conclusions.

Question 80

Dwayne and Rhonda each weigh 150 pounds.They go out drinking and each has three beers.According to your textbook,why does Rhonda become intoxicated sooner?

A)Men's bodies have lower water content.
B)Women's bodies have lower water content.
C)Men's digestive functioning is less efficient.
D)Women's digestive functioning is less efficient.