Deck 4: Applying What We Know About Childrens Learning and Development

Question 1

Explain the role of play in children's development and learning and how children benefit from play.

Answer 1

See section The Role of Play in Development and Learning

Question 2

Which of the following is the best definition of development?

A)Age-related change that results from an interaction between biological maturation and a physical and/or social experience.
B)A change in knowledge or skill that results only from new experiences or instruction
C)New skills that are useful to the child's everyday life.
D)An inborn ability to organize and make sense of new experiences.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Explain the effects of culture on parenting styles.

Answer 3

See sections in Culture on Research and Theory regarding parenting styles

Question 4

What is the type of play describes when a child uses one thing to represent something else such as a block becomes a car or a hairbrush becomes a baby bottle for a doll?

A)Functional Play
B)Constructive Play
C)Symbolic Play
D)Games with Rules

Question 5

What is the name of the theory that emphasizes that a person's behavior needs to be directly reinforced in order to change?

A)Behaviorism
B)Cognitive Theory
C)Social Theory
D)Developmentalism

Question 6

Explain why it is important to study child development.

Question 7

Explain how the two learning theories,behaviorism and social cognitive theory differ.

Question 8

What is the most important principle in B.F.Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?

A)Behaviors will not change until the child is old enough to understand the consequence of the behavior.
B)Learning depends on the learner having an image in their mind of the new behavior
C)People learn by having a model of others performing the behavior
D)Behaviors change as a result of its immediate consequence

Question 9

Which conclusion was made on child outcomes based on the brain research conducted?

A)Brain development is more important as the child gets older due to the more expectations that will be placed on the child.
B)The most significant development of the brain occurs between the ages of 5 and 8.
C)The brain's development is more influenced by the environment and not by the relationships the child has with adults.
D)Toxic stress during the earliest years of life can have significant negative effects on brain development.

Question 10

Which one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development developes at approximately 7-11 years of age and is characterized by the ability to think,and solve problems more logically,through concrete expereinces although with the limited ability to think abstractly?

A)Sensorimotor
B)Preoperational
C)Concrete Operational
D)Formal Operational

Question 11

In Maslow's self-actualization theory which of the following needs was at the base or bottom of the pyramid and considered one of the basic needs?

A)Physical Needs
B)Psychological Needs
C)Growth Needs
D)The need for self-esteem

Question 12

What kind of play do children move into when they are in the primary grades?

A)Functional Play
B)Constructive Play
C)Symbolic Play
D)Games with Rules

Question 13

Which term means age-related change that result from an interaction between biological maturation and physical and/or social experience?

A)Learning
B)Development
C)Windows of Opportunity
D)Maturation

Question 14

What term means the ability to adapt or control behavior,emotions,and thinking?

A)Self-regulation
B)Private speech
C)Social- Conventional Knowledge
D)Cognition

Question 15

In which phase of observational learning does the teacher model the behavior and gives children a chance to practice it?

A)Attention
B)Retention
C)Reproduction
D)Motivation

Question 16

What did Vygotsky believe to be an important tool for children's learning?

A)Curriculum
B)Speech
C)Culture
D)Problem Solving

Question 17

Choose one of the key theorists from this chapter Erikson,Maslow,Piaget,or Vygotsky)and describe the key components of how they believe development occurs.

Question 18

Which statement is true regarding the principles and values of the Reggio Emilia Approach?

A)Teachers educate children with special needs in separate classrooms to maximize their potential
B)Teachers are the experts in the classroom and children come to rely on them for information
C)Teachers use documentation to help children revisit their experiences,remember and analyze their thinking,and deepen their understanding.
D)Long term projects are never conducted since children have short attention spans and new interests each day.

Question 19

Which learning theory assumes that children actively build their own knowledge from first hand experiences in stimulating environments?

A)Sociocultural Theory
B)Behaviorism
C)Cognitive Theory
D)Constructivism

Question 20

How are learning theories different than developmental theories?

A)In learning theories changes are linked to the environment and developmental theories are linked to the past experiences of the child
B)Learning theories are based on consequences of behavior and developmental theories are changes based on an unpleasant consequence
C)Learning theories apply in the same way regardless of the age of the learner and developmental theories are linked to age-related changes in children.
D)In learning theories learning occurs regardless original abilities and the opposite is true in developmental theories