Deck 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Question 1

17-20.Changes in physical functioning that are due to illness,health habits,and other individual differences,but which are not due to increased age itself and are not inevitable,are called

A)primary aging.
B)secondary aging.
C)outward aging.
D)inward aging.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

17-18.Aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that,due to genetic programming,occur as people get older is called

A)inward aging.
B)secondary aging.
C)outward aging.
D)primary aging.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is the definition of "oldest old"?

A)some health problems and difficulties with daily living activities
B)healthy and active
C)frail and in need of care
D)senior citizen

Answer 3

C

Question 4

17-15.Research indicates that the fastest growing segment of the population is the

A)old old.
B)young old.
C)geriatrics.
D)oldest old.

Question 5

17-16.Which of the following is a term for prejudice and discrimination directed at older people?

A)oldest old
B)young old
C)old old
D)ageism

Question 6

17-17.In which of the following cultures/societies would ageism most likely be seen?

A)Asian
B)Native American
C)African
D)Western societies

Question 7

Deron is a 68-year-old man who smoked most of his life and is now battling asthma.He struggles to complete some of his daily activities;otherwise,he is able to live an independent,full life.Which of the following best describes Deron's functional age?

A)oldest old
B)old old
C)young old
D)geriatric

Question 8

17-12.According to the terminology that demographers use,people at ages 75-84 are called

A)old old.
B)young old.
C)geriatric.
D)oldest old.

Question 9

17-14.One out of every ____ people in the U.S.is 65 years of age or older.

A)10
B)8
C)15
D)5

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the meaning of "functional age"?

A)cognitive functioning
B)physical and psychological well-being
C)emotional/behavioral functioning
D)how well people recuperate from illness

Question 11

At what age does the period of late adulthood begin?

A)65
B)75
C)55
D)80

Question 12

17-19.The term "senescence" is another name for

A)primary aging.
B)secondary aging.
C)outward aging.
D)inward aging.

Question 13

17-10.Wilma is a 65-year-old woman who has chronic pulmonary disease,osteoporosis,and recently suffered a stroke.She relies on relatives and caretakers to help her on a daily basis,even with some of her most basic tasks.Which of the following best describes Wilma's functional age?

A)oldest old
B)old old
C)young old
D)geriatric

Question 14

17-13.According to the terminology that demographers use,age 85 and older is called

A)old old.
B)young old.
C)geriatric.
D)oldest old.

Question 15

Which of the following is considered an expert who studies aging?

A)genealogist
B)gerontologist
C)oncologist
D)endocrinologist

Question 16

Sophia is a 98-year-old woman who still lives independently,has no major illnesses,and is able to take daily walks to the local grocery store.Which of the following best describes Sophia's functional age?

A)oldest old
B)old old
C)young old
D)geriatric

Question 17

Which of the following is the definition of "old old"?

A)some health problems and difficulties with daily living activities
B)healthy and active
C)frail and in need of care
D)geriatric

Question 18

Which of the following is the definition of "young old"?

A)some health problems and difficulties with daily living activities
B)healthy and active
C)frail and in need of care
D)senior citizen

Question 19

Which of the following is considered a group or part of functional age?

A)middle young
B)young old
C)old young
D)oldest older

Question 20

17-11.According to the terminology that demographers use,the age range of 65-74 is called

A)old old.
B)young old.
C)geriatric.
D)oldest old.

Question 21

17-26.Which of the following is true regarding brain development and aging?

A)The brain becomes smaller but denser and more efficient.
B)The brain grows,taking up double the amount of space between the brain and the skull.
C)The structure,function,and number of neurons in the brain are significantly reduced.
D)Blood flow to the brain is reduced within the brain,and less glucose and oxygen are used.

Question 22

17-21.What is the name for the protein that forms the basic fibers of body tissue?

A)derma
B)ectoderm
C)membrane
D)collagen

Question 23

17-38.Elderly people experience a decline in their taste and smell sensitivity because of which of the following?

A)They have more and denser taste buds on the tongue.
B)They use too much salt on their food.
C)The olfactory bulbs on the brain begin to shrivel.
D)They often overeat and lose sensitivity to different tastes and textures.

Question 24

17-36.What percentage of adults between the ages of 65 and 74 has some degree of hearing loss?

A)25%
B)30%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 25

17-27.Which of the following reflect internal changes due to aging?

A)The heart's capacity to pump blood through the circulatory system to the brain is increased and more efficient due to the hardening and shrinking of blood vessels.
B)The reduction in gray matter makes the aging brain less efficient.
C)The respiratory system is more efficient with age.
D)The digestive system is less efficient pushing food through the system,which leads to constipation.

Question 26

17-34.Which of the following is the term for when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases either because it cannot be drained properly or too much fluid is produced?

A)glaucoma
B)myopia
C)age-related macular degeneration
D)cataracts

Question 27

17-24.Which of the following is related to the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis in women?

A)inadequate exercise throughout life
B)adequate protein intake throughout life
C)drug therapy with such medications as Fosamax
D)bone marrow replacement therapy

Question 28

17-37.What percentage of adults over the age of 75 has some degree of hearing loss?

A)25%
B)30%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 29

17-30.The theory that processing in all parts of the nervous system,including the brain,is less efficient is called

A)dendrite/axon theory.
B)peripheral slowing hypothesis.
C)generalized slowing hypothesis.
D)decreased myelination theory.

Question 30

17-22.A condition in which the bones become brittle,fragile,and thin,often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet,is called

A)osteopathy.
B)endocrinology.
C)osteoporosis.
D)rickets.

Question 31

17-39.Because the elderly begin to lose their sensitivity to taste and smell,they begin to do which of the following?

A)eat less
B)eat more,because they don't remember what they ate
C)experience healthy levels of weight loss
D)lose the ability to determine when food is spoiled and suffer more food poisoning

Question 32

17-32.Which of the following is considered an age-related change in the physical apparatus of the eye of an elderly person?

A)the retina of a 60-year-old person receives a third as much light as a 20-year-old person
B)the optic nerve becomes more efficient in transmitting nerve impulses to the brain
C)the lens of the eye becomes thinner and more transparent
D)the elderly are less able to distinguish colors

Question 33

17-31.The notion that the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and brain become less efficient with age is called

A)dendrite/axon theory.
B)peripheral slowing hypothesis.
C)generalized slowing hypothesis.
D)decreased myelination theory.

Question 34

17-25.During a geriatrics conference,discussion focused on internal aging,specifically,brain size and cognitive decline.Which of the following summaries is most notable for this discussion?

A)The brain will remain the same size and cognitive function can remain the same if the person keeps active.
B)Brain structure and cognition will decline slightly.
C)Brain structure will drastically be reduced and cognitive functioning will decrease.
D)The brain becomes smaller and lighter with age but will retain its structure and function in the absence of disease.

Question 35

17-28.Research suggests that,with age,regular exercise contributes to which of the following?

A)less loss of muscle fiber
B)increased bone fractures
C)worse performance on mental tests and increase in brain tissue
D)cognitive loss

Question 36

17-29.The theory suggesting that overall processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system with increasing age is called

A)pulmonary hardening theory.
B)peripheral slowing hypothesis.
C)generalized slowing hypothesis.
D)decreased myelination theory.

Question 37

17-40.According to surveys conducted in the U.S. ,almost ________ of people 65 years old and older rate their health as good,very good,or excellent.

A)one-half
B)two-thirds
C)three-quarters
D)one-fourth

Question 38

17-23.Which of the following contributes to a person getting osteoporosis?

A)insufficient exercise earlier in life
B)thickening of the bones due to too much protein and calcium intake earlier in life
C)improper posture throughout life
D)increases in estrogen in women following menopause

Question 39

17-35.Which vision disease,if diagnosed early,can be treated with medication,lasers,and in some cases,a diet rich in antioxidant vitamins?

A)age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
B)myopia
C)glaucoma
D)cataracts

Question 40

17-33.Which of the following is the term for cloudy or opaque areas on the lens of the eye that interfere with the passing of light?

A)glaucoma
B)myopia
C)age-related macular degeneration
D)cataracts

Question 41

17-56.Donepezil (Aricept),galantamine (Razadyne),rivastigmine (Exelon),and tacrine (Cognex)are among the common drugs prescribed to treat

A)Huntington's disease.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)schizophrenia.
D)Parkinson's disease.

Question 42

17-42.Which of the following is a potentially disabling disease that causes painful inflammation and swelling of one or more joints?

A)hypertension
B)high blood pressure
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)arthritis

Question 43

17-46.Which of the following is the most common mental disorder of the elderly,covering several diseases,each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning?

A)glaucoma
B)dementia
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)schizoaffective disorder

Question 44

17-58.Alzheimer's patients make up _______ of the people living in nursing homes.

A)one-fourth
B)two-thirds
C)two-fifths
D)one-third

Question 45

17-50.Approximately what percent of people 85 and older have Alzheimer's disease?

A)50%
B)25%
C)75%
D)35%

Question 46

17-60.On average,senior citizens spend almost ____% of their total expenditures on healthcare,which is more than twice the amount spent by younger individuals.

A)25
B)13
C)30
D)10

Question 47

17-54.When the production of the protein beta amyloid precursor protein,which normally produces neurons,goes awry and produces clumps of cells that trigger inflammation and deterioration of nerve cells,this is called

A)Huntington's disease.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)schizophrenia.
D)Parkinson's disease.

Question 48

17-43.Maria is a 65-year-old woman who has difficulty managing simple everyday tasks because of the painful swelling of the joints in her hands.Maria is likely diagnosed with

A)arthritis.
B)high blood pressure.
C)Alzheimer's disease.
D)hypertension.

Question 49

17-53.Approximately how many deaths are a result of Alzheimer's disease annually in the U.S.?

A)150,000
B)50,000
C)100,000
D)75,000

Question 50

17-49.What is the term for a progressive brain disorder that produces loss of memory and confusion?

A)dementia
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)drug intoxication
D)a stroke

Question 51

17-44.What portion of older people has hypertension,or high blood pressure?

A)one-third
B)one-half
C)one-fifth
D)two-thirds

Question 52

17-48.72-year-old Angelo is demonstrating the following symptoms: serious memory loss,lessened intellectual ability,and impaired judgment.What diagnosis is Angelo likely to receive from his doctor?

A)drug intoxication
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)dementia
D)a stroke

Question 53

17-41.Which of the following is a leading cause of death in elderly people?

A)auto accidents
B)broken bones
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)stroke

Question 54

17-51.Muriel is an 86-year-old woman who tries to function independently but has suffered for several years with forgetfulness,especially with recent memories.She has trouble recalling the names of her best friends when they call on the phone,and she worries that she may have a form of dementia called

A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)Huntington's disease.
C)schizophrenia.
D)Parkinson's disease.

Question 55

17-52.In the final stage of Alzheimer's disease,people

A)lose olfactory buds.
B)have trouble recalling particular words during conversation.
C)demonstrate unusual forgetfulness.
D)lose voluntary control of their muscles and are bedridden.

Question 56

17-55.Which of the following are contributors to developing Alzheimer's disease?

A)predisposed genetic inheritance
B)a diet rich in protein
C)vegetarian diets
D)increased stress level

Question 57

17-47.Which of the following people is most likely to show the symptoms of dementia?

A)63-year-old Caucasian
B)85-year-old African American
C)64-year-old Hispanic American
D)67-year-old Asian American

Question 58

17-45.What percentage of people over the age of 65 shows some symptoms of a psychological disorder?

A)10% to 20%
B)15% to 25%
C)25% to 30%
D)30% to 50%

Question 59

17-59.Whether an old person is ill or healthy,their health depends upon which of the following?

A)toxins in the environment
B)only current environmental factors
C)psychological factors
D)cognitive capabilities

Question 60

17-57.Drug therapy to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease focuses on the loss of the neurotransmitter

A)serotonin.
B)dopamine.
C)acetylcholine.
D)ribonucleic acid.

Question 61

17-62.What percentage of the elderly has inadequate nutrition and even suffers from hunger in the U.S.?

A)15-50%
B)60-75%
C)10-40%
D)5-25%

Question 62

17-65.Which of the theories promotes the existence of a "death gene" that is programmed to direct the body to deteriorate and die?

A)wear-and-tear theories
B)inevitable death theories
C)life expectancy theories
D)genetic programming theories of aging

Question 63

17-63.What are the two major factors that determine whether or not an elderly person can engage in sexual activity?

A)family approval and personal sexual history
B)participation in an exercise program,and whether they have an available partner
C)good physical and mental health and previous sexual activity
D)the level of testosterone in males,and estrogen in females

Question 64

17-77.K.Warner Schaie has employed an ongoing study of intelligence in older people using the _________ research method.

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)experimental
D)sequential studies

Question 65

17-69.What is the term for the part of the protective area(s)or tip of the DNA that grow(s)shorter every time the cell divides?

A)chromosomes
B)ribonucleic acid
C)telomeres
D)antigen

Question 66

17-61.The goal of professionals such as social services workers is to help senior citizens extend their

A)periods between illnesses.
B)lives.
C)active lifespans.
D)mental capabilities.

Question 67

17-74.What is a category of by-product that is produced in the body and has been related to aging?

A)carbon dioxide production
B)oxygen-deprived ribonucleic acid
C)acetylcholine
D)free radicals

Question 68

17-71.The theories that the mechanical functions of the body simply wear out with age are called the

A)wear-and-tear theories.
B)inevitable death theories.
C)life expectancy theories.
D)genetic programming theories of aging.

Question 69

17-70.When a cell's _________ has/have just about disappeared,the cell stops replicating,making it susceptible to damage,and producing signs of aging.

A)chromosomes
B)ribonucleic acid
C)telomeres
D)antigen

Question 70

17-78.Research shows that ________ declines with age,while ________ remains steady and sometimes improves.

A)crystallized intelligence;fluid intelligence
B)information processing;fluid intelligence
C)fluid intelligence;crystallized intelligence
D)crystallized intelligence;information processing

Question 71

17-80.The researcher Timothy Salthouse suggests that if people are mentally active all of their lives,they enter late adulthood with

A)a higher IQ.
B)a "cognitive reserve" that allows them to continue to perform at a relatively high mental level.
C)learned practice skills that help the elderly "use it or lose it."
D)the knowledge of how to find and take advantage of adequate or proper mental stimulation.

Question 72

17-79.The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is susceptible to experience is called

A)learning.
B)plasticity.
C)life experience.
D)intellectual functioning.

Question 73

17-64.Theories that suggest that our body's DNA genetic code contains a built-in time limit for the reproduction of human cells are called

A)wear-and-tear theories.
B)inevitable death theories.
C)life expectancy theories.
D)genetic programming theories of aging.

Question 74

17-72.The wear-and-tear theories of aging argue that the body constantly manufactures energy and creates ___________,which eventually reach(es)such high levels as to impair the body's normal functioning.

A)by-products
B)radiation
C)diseases
D)toxins

Question 75

17-68.Evidence supporting the genetic programming theories of aging comes from research showing that when human cells are permitted to divide in the laboratory,they can do so successfully only around ____ times.

A)100
B)75
C)50
D)65

Question 76

17-76.Which of the following is a reason why life expectancy has continued to rise for the world's population?

A)major alterations in the human genetic code
B)increased nutrition and the rise in obesity
C)vaccinations and preventive measures against diseases
D)improved ranges of leisure activities

Question 77

17-66.Which of the theories promotes the idea,based upon the survival of the species,that a long life after the reproductive years is unnecessary?

A)wear-and-tear theories
B)genetic programming theories of aging
C)life expectancy theories
D)inevitable death theories

Question 78

17-73.What are the theories of aging that argue that the body's constant manufacturing of energy creates by-products,which combine with toxins such as radiation,chemical exposure,accidents,and disease,eventually reach such high levels that they impair the body's ability to function normally?

A)life expectancy theories
B)genetic programming theories of aging
C)wear-and-tear theories
D)inevitable death theories

Question 79

17-67.Which of the theories promotes the view that the cells of the body can only duplicate a certain number of times,and that the genetic instructions for running the body can be read only a certain number of times before they become illegible?

A)wear-and-tear theories
B)genetic programming theories of aging
C)life expectancy theories
D)inevitable death theories

Question 80

17-75.What is the term for the average age of death for members of a population?

A)cohort effect
B)life expectancy
C)peer group expectancy
D)theory of aging