Deck 12: Hypothesis Testing and One-Sample T Tests

Question 1

Which hypothesis provides a specific point on the number line around which to form a sampling distribution?

A) null hypothesis
B) research hypothesis
C) both the null and the research hypothesis
D) neither the null nor the research hypothesis

Answer 1

null hypothesis

Question 2

Which of the following is the smallest probability?

A) .001
B) .100
C) .041
D) .950

Answer 2

.001

Question 3

Which of the following is a possible conclusion at Step 4 of hypothesis testing?

A) Accept the null hypothesis.
B) Accept the sample results.
C) Reject the null hypothesis
D) Reject the research hypothesis.

Answer 3

Reject the null hypothesis

Question 4

Your research hypothesis is that the average number of children is less than 2. Your null hypothesis is that the average number of children is 2 or more. The following results are consistent with the _____ and you proceed to _____.

 

A) null hypothesis … Step 3 (check significance level)
B) null hypothesis … Step 4 (state conclusion)
C) research hypothesis … Step 3 (check significance level)
D) research hypothesis … Step 4 (state conclusion)

Question 5

Based on which of these significance levels would you reject the null hypothesis?

A) .01
B) .10
C) .95
D) all of the above

Question 6

Which hypothesis gets tested in hypothesis testing?

A) alternative hypothesis
B) null hypothesis
C) research hypothesis
D) scientific hypothesis

Question 7

Which of the following is a null hypothesis?

A) Average temperature is 72 degrees.
B) Average temperature is less than 72 degrees.
C) Average temperature is more than 72 degrees.
D) Average temperature is not 72 degrees.

Question 8

If the probability of something happening is .001, it will happen

A) 1 in 10 times
B) 1 in 100 times
C) 1 in 1,000 times
D) 1 in 10,000 times

Question 9

What is Step 1 in hypothesis testing?

A) Check the significance level of your findings.
B) Convert ordinal and interval/ratio variables into nominal variables.
C) Select a 50% sample of your data for hypothesis testing.
D) State the research and the null hypothesis.

Question 10

If, at Step 2 in hypothesis testing, your sample results are consistent with the null hypothesis, what do you do?

A) Go to Step 3 and check the significance level.
B) Go to Step 4 and do not reject the null hypothesis.
C) Go to Step 4 and reject the null hypothesis.
D) Return to Step 1 and form new hypotheses.

Question 11

A one-sample t test would be appropriate for which of the following hypotheses?

A) After one semester, women have a higher average GPA than men.
B) Hours spent studying and first-semester GPA are related.
C) The average GPA of students after one semester is less than 2.00.
D) The effect of hours spent studying on first-semester GPA varies by gender.

Question 12

You want to know if the participants in your research project averaged significantly better than a score of 50 on a posttest. What is an appropriate statistical technique to use?

A) Crosstabs
B) Frequencies
C) Means
D) One Sample t Test

Question 13

The results of a one-sample t test are reported as follows: t = 1.15, df = 120, p = .135. Which of the following is correct?

A) There were 120 valid cases.
B) The null hypothesis was not rejected.
C) The results were statistically significant.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 14

How small must the significance level be in order to reject the null hypothesis?

A) less than .05
B) .05 or less
C) .05 or more
D) more than .05

Question 15

You have a 95% level of confidence that, in the population, the actual average number of siblings is between _____ and _____.
 

A) .34 … 1.13
B) .68 … 2.26
C) 1.077 … 1.867
D) 2.34 … 3.13

Question 16

You are doing a one-sample t test. What level of measurement is required on the variable you are using?

A) It must be nominal.
B) It must be ordinal.
C) It must be interval/ratio.
D) It can be any level of measurement.

Question 17

Which of the following mathematical operators would indicate a research hypothesis?

A) =
B) >
C) <

Question 18

The research hypothesis is "average length of employment is less than 2 years." What is the correct companion null hypothesis?

A) Average length of employment is 2 years
B) Average length of employment is more than 2 years
C) Average length of employment is 2 years or less.
D) Average length of employment is 2 years or more.

Question 19

You are doing a one-sample t test. You have 1200 valid cases. How many degrees of freedom will you have?

A) 600
B) 1,199
C) 1,200
D) 1,201

Question 20

You are testing a one-tailed hypothesis. The sample results are consistent with the research hypothesis. Based on the following results, the significance level is _____ and you _____ the null hypothesis.
 

A) .173 … do not reject
B) .173 … reject
C) .692 … do not reject
D) .692 … reject

Question 21

What kinds of questions can you answer using a one-sample t test?

Question 22

Results are described as statistically significant when

A) the null hypothesis was not rejected
B) the null hypothesis was rejected
C) the sample results were consistent with the null hypothesis
D) the significance level was high

Question 23

You are testing a two-tailed hypothesis. Based on the following results, the significance level is _____ and you _____ the null hypothesis.
 

A) .0235 … do not reject
B) .0235 … reject
C) .047 … do not reject
D) .047 … reject

Question 24

Here is a research hypothesis: "In the population, the average age is greater than 30." Write the null hypothesis.

Question 25

If at Step 2 in hypothesis testing, the sample results are consistent with the research hypothesis, what do you do? If consistent with the null, what do you do?

Question 26

Your research hypothesis is that the average years of schooling are less than 12. Your null hypothesis is that the average years of schooling are 12 or more. The following results are consistent with the _____ and you proceed to _____.
 

A) null hypothesis … Step 3 (check significance level)
B) null hypothesis … Step 4 (state conclusion)
C) research hypothesis … Step 3 (check significance level)
D) research hypothesis … Step 4 (state conclusion)

Question 27

Which of the following null hypotheses is a one-tailed hypothesis?

A) The average daily number of calories consumed is 2300.
B) Soccer players consume an average of 3000 or more calories a day.
C) Both "a" and "b" are one-tailed hypotheses.
D) Neither "a" nor "b" is a one-tailed hypothesis.

Question 28

Express each of the following probabilities as a percentage and as a fraction:

Question 29

Here is a null hypothesis: "In the population, the average reading speed is 120 words per minute." Write the research hypothesis.

Question 30

Write a research hypothesis and its companion null hypothesis that could be tested with a one sample t test.

Question 31

Which of the following questions about sample data could be answered using a one sample t test?

A) Is the net effect of birth order on IQ significant after controlling for parental social class?
B) Is the average IQ of persons who graduated from college significantly higher than 100?
C) Is there a significant negative correlation between birth order and IQ?
D) Is there a significant difference in average IQ between Catholics, Protestants, and Jews?

Question 32

When can results be described as "statistically significant"?

Question 33

How can you tell which hypothesis is the null hypothesis and which the research hypothesis?

Question 34

A researcher has done a one-sample t-test. She reports the test's degrees of freedom to be 15. How many cases were there in the sample? __________

Question 35

The results of a one-sample t test are reported as follows: t = 3.15, df = 430, p = .035. Which of the following is correct?

A) There were 431 valid cases.
B) The null hypothesis was rejected.
C) The results were statistically significant.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 36

Interval estimation and hypothesis testing are two types of inferential statistics. What is the difference between them?

Question 37

In order to reject the null hypothesis, the significance level must be _____ or less.

Question 38

When is a one-sample t test used?

Question 39

What is the difference between a two-tailed hypothesis test and a one-tailed hypothesis test?

Question 40

What are the four steps in hypothesis testing?

Question 41

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output:

Your null hypothesis is "In the population, the average SAT score is 1000." ( )

A) State the research hypothesis being tested.
B) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed hypothesis?
C) Are your sample results consistent with the null hypothesis or the research hypothesis? (null / research)
D) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
E) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
F) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)
G) You can be 95% sure that the true average number of hours spent using the Internet for the population is between __________ and __________.

Question 42

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output:

Your research hypothesis is "In the population, the average number of hours spent using the Internet is greater than 3.00." ( )

A) State the null hypothesis being tested.
B) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed hypothesis?
C) Are your sample results consistent with the null hypothesis or the research hypothesis? (null / research)
D) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
E) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
F) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)
G) You can be 95% sure that the true average number of hours spent using the Internet for the population is between __________ and __________.

Question 43

If the two-tailed significance level is .080, what is the one-tailed significance level? __________

Question 44

A researcher does a one-sample t test with 999 cases. How many degrees of freedom does the t test have? __________

Question 45

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output:

Your research hypothesis is "In the population, the average SAT score is less than 1000.") (SAT) ̅ <1000

A) State the null hypothesis being tested.
B) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed hypothesis?
C) Are your sample results consistent with the null hypothesis or the research hypothesis? (null / research)
D) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
E) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
F) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)
G) You can be 95% sure that the true average number of hours spent using the Internet for the population is between __________ and __________.