Deck 7: Controlling Toxic Substances

Question 1

If a pesticide manufacturer does not request renewal of his pesticide registration prior to the end of the five-year registration period, termination of registration automatically begins.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Penalties for violating FIFRA

A) are more severe for a private user than for a distributor or retailer.
B) may be more severe when the violation is a knowing one.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In determining whether or not a pesticide poses an "unreasonable risk," the EPA may not take into account economic factors, but only social and environmental costs and benefits.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The criteria for the EPA's granting conditional registration for a pesticide includes

A) the pesticide may be applied by only a certified applicator.
B) required data was not submitted, but the pesticide has similar active ingredients to a registered pesticide.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.

Question 5

There has not been extremely stringent regulation of pesticides because the harm caused by pesticides can easily be compensated through negligence actions.

Question 6

The strongest evidence of carcinogenicity comes from epidemiological studies.

Question 7

No pesticide has ever had its registration canceled or not renewed.

Question 8

FIFRA

A) prohibits the introduction of new chemicals into the market.
B) requires that all pesticides sold in the U. S. be registered for either general or restricted use.
C) requires that all pesticides manufactured in the U. S. be registered for general or restricted use.
D) both b and c.

Question 9

One of the TSCA's functions is to regulate the introduction of new chemicals into the market.

Question 10

The most commonly used data to support regulation of a toxic substance is the epidemiological study.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a characteristic of toxic substance regulated under TSCA?

A) Tendency to bioaccumulate.
B) Extremely low dosages may have harmful effects.
C) Harmful effects may not show up for a long time.
D) none of the above.

Question 12

The Rotterdam Convention (the PIC) requires that parties to the Convention must

A) stop their usage of all banned hazardous substances.
B) provide export notification to importing countries when a chemical is banned in the exporting country.
C) cease exporting banned pesticides to developing nations.
D) both a and c.

Question 13

Ninety days prior to its introduction into commerce, a new chemical must have a pre-manufacturing notice submitted to the EPA that includes, among other information, the chemical name, chemical identity, by-products that would result from its manufacture and disposal, the maximum quantity to be manufactured or imported in the first year, and all available test data related to the impact of the new chemical on health and the environment.

Question 14

Registration of a pesticide automatically terminates after

A) 4 years.
B) 5 years.
C) 10 years.
D) 12 years.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a policy of TSCA?

A) Industry must provide data as to the environmental effects of chemicals.
B) Government needs the authority to prevent unreasonable risks of harm to human health and the environment.
C) Government must exercise its authority in such a manner as to not stifle the development of technology.
D) none of the above.

Question 16

Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act,

A) pesticides not registered by the EPA cannot be sold in the United States.
B) a pesticide which may cause harm to humans when inhaled may be registered as a restricted use pesticide, but its use may be limited to certified applicators.
C) unregistered pesticides may not be manufactured in the United States.
D) both a and b.

Question 17

When the EPA receives a premanufacture notice from a party who intends to manufacture a new chemical:

A) the EPA has 120 days within which to conduct tests on the chemical to determine its toxicity.
B) the EPA may prohibit the manufacture and distribution of the chemical if the EPA finds that the substance presents or will present an unreasonable risk to health or the environment.
C) the EPA may suggest, but not require specific labeling on the chemical.
D) a and b.

Question 18

The FDA helps control pesticides by requiring the inspection of produce to make sure it does not contain excess amounts of pesticide residue.

Question 19

Which of the following is not one of the options the EPA may exercise within 45 days of receiving a PMN?

A) Limit the amount to be produced, sold or processed.
B) Prohibit the sale or manufacture of the chemical.
C) Require further testing and temporarily prohibit manufacture and sale until the data is provided.
D) none of the above.

Question 20

Under TSCA, top priority is given to the testing of chemicals on the market when the Act was passed; since the Act's passage, over 48,000 chemicals have been listed on the EPA's inventory of toxic substances, and data on toxic effects has been collected for about 90 percent of these chemicals.