Deck 5: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold?

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference threshold
D)separation threshold

Answer 1

separation threshold

Question 2

Detecting "environmental stimulation" is one way to define ______.

A)perception
B)feeling
C)sensation
D)awareness

Answer 2

sensation

Question 3

"Sensation is to _______ as perception is to _______."

A)psychological; physical
B)gathering; understanding
C)understanding; gathering
D)interpreting; detecting

Answer 3

gathering; understanding

Question 4

Dr.Delmar wants to determine how loud a certain noise must be in order for it to be heard from a distance of 17 metres.Her question involves the concept of:

A)relative magnitude.
B)difference threshold.
C)absolute threshold.
D)just noticeable difference (jnd).

Question 5

The relation between the amount of physical energy in a stimulus and the sensory experience of that stimulus is studied by:

A)encoding psychology.
B)psychophysics.
C)sensory physiology.
D)transduction psychology.

Question 6

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the _______.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)minimum threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 7

The components in the sense organs that respond to energy are called _______.

A)sensor cells
B)receptor cells
C)transducers
D)effector cells

Question 8

Sensation is _______.

A)the organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns
B)the stimulation of the senses
C)the presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation
D)the result of activity in the efferent nervous system

Question 9

The point at which a person can detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the __________.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)range threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 10

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which vibrated at a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's __________.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold?

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference
D)separation threshold

Question 12

The process whereby we receive information from the environment through our receptors is _______.

A)encoding
B)perception
C)sensation
D)transduction

Question 13

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensations at all in a person is the ____________.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)minimum threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 14

According to Weber's law,how many grams would have to be added to a 150-gram weight to get a just noticeable difference?

A)1 g
B)3 g
C)8)5 g
D)25 g

Question 15

Weber's law states that a just noticeable change in a stimulus magnitude is ________ the original stimulus magnitude.

A)proportional to
B)equal to
C)greater than
D)less than

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Only the difference threshold varies from person to person.
B)Only the absolute threshold is constant for all people.
C)Both the difference threshold and the absolute threshold are constant for all people at all times.
D)Both the absolute threshold and the difference threshold vary from person to person over time.

Question 17

Weber's law is I/I = K; values for K are .02 for weight,.08 for brightness,and .03 for length.If a line is 30" long,what is the minimum change in length before one would notice a difference between the two?

A)0)9"
B)0)6"
C)0)3"
D)none of the above

Question 18

The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the __________.

A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 19

If a researcher wanted to know how loudly a person must speak in order to be heard above the noise of two other simultaneous conversations,the researcher would likely measure the ________.

A)difference threshold
B)marginal intensity
C)relative magnitude
D)absolute threshold

Question 20

The term "just noticeable difference" is loosely synonymous with __________.

A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 21

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which was a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's _______.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 22

A young man enters a completely darkened room and lights a candle.Which of the following sequences best represents the candle's light as it enters his eye?

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)lens
D)retina

Question 23

The lens:

A)is the transparent outer membrane of the eye that covers the pupil and iris.
B)allows one to focus on objects at different distances.
C)allows light initially to enter the eye.
D)controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 24

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what __________ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 25

Professor Zander wants to know how loud a certain noise must be in order to be heard from a distance of 17 metres.This question involves the concept of _______.

A)relative magnitude
B)difference threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)inverse discrimination

Question 26

The eyes convert light energy into neural responses that we experience as sight.The conversion of light energy into sight is done by receptor cells in the _______.

A)iris
B)pupil
C)blind spot
D)retina

Question 27

When John drives his car at night,he finds that he can barely see traffic and street signs if he looks directly at them.He can increase his visual sensitivity by looking at the signs:

A)out of the side of his eye,because doing so focuses the image on the blind spot
B)out of the side of his eye (using more rods)instead of focusing directly on them (using more cones)
C)and squinting,which focuses the available light more precisely
D)out of the side of his eye (using more cones)instead of focusing directly on them (using more rods)

Question 28

The depressed spot in the retina that occupies the centre of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the:

A)fovea.
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)optic nerve.

Question 29

Lory entered a dark movie theatre from the bright sunlight.Which of the following was occurring in her retinal system?

A)a slow shift from cone vision to rod vision
B)a rapid shift from cone vision to rod vision
C)a slow shift from rod vision to cone vision
D)a rapid shift from rod vision to cone vision

Question 30

The pupil is the __________.

A)opening in the centre of the iris
B)coloured part of the eye
C)white of the eye
D)lining in the back of the eyeball

Question 31

Which type of receptor cell is associated with seeing colours?

A)ganglia
B)bipolar
C)rods
D)cones

Question 32

The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the __________.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)lens
D)retina

Question 33

Window pane is to _______ as colour is to iris.

A)retina
B)cornea
C)lens
D)fovea

Question 34

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones.The tones varied only along the loud-soft dimensions (from very loud to very soft).The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she heard a sound.The doctor was testing Ann's _______.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 35

_______ studies the relationship between physical energies and psychological experiences.

A)Physiology
B)Psychophysics
C)Psychometrics
D)Psychopathology

Question 36

The problem of subjects knowing too much about the sequencing of intensities during sensation studies is overcome by the method of _______.

A)adjustment
B)limits
C)constant stimuli
D)none of the above

Question 37

The pupil is the:

A)opening in the centre of the iris.
B)coloured part of the eye.
C)white of the eye.
D)lining in the back of the eyeball.

Question 38

The coloured part of the eye that contains muscles to contract or expand the pupil is the __________.

A)lens
B)fovea
C)iris
D)cornea

Question 39

________ are receptors that are best for seeing details.

A)Cones
B)Rods
C)Bipolar cells
D)Ganglion cells

Question 40

If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper,you will see a greenish image of the object.This phenomenon best supports the:

A)Young-Helmholtz opponent-process theory of colour vision.
B)Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of colour vision.
C)Hering opponent-process theory of colour vision.
D)Hering trichromatic theory of colour vision.

Question 41

The depressed spot in the retina that occupies the centre of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)cornea
C)iris
D)optic nerve

Question 42

Rods and cones are found in the _______.

A)retina
B)iris
C)optic nerve
D)cornea

Question 43

The eyes detect different colours by using the _______.

A)cortex
B)cones
C)shafts
D)rods

Question 44

The purity,richness,or vividness of a hue is known as its __________.

A)brightness
B)saturation
C)additive mix
D)depth

Question 45

The vividness or richness of a hue is known as its:

A)brightness.
B)saturation.
C)additive mix.
D)complement.

Question 46

Light enters the eye through the _______.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)retina

Question 47

The shape of the lens adjusts in order to _______.

A)protect the eye from too much light
B)let in more light when it is dark
C)focus on different objects at different distances
D)allow time for the eye to adjust to bright light

Question 48

The trichromat:

A)can see all colours of the spectrum.
B)sees only red,green,and white.
C)cannot see colour.
D)cannot perceive red and green.

Question 49

The place in the retina where the axons of all the ganglion cells come together to leave the eye is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)optic chiasma
C)blind spot
D)optic nerve

Question 50

The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called _______.

A)afterimage resolution
B)light adaptation
C)dark adaptation
D)afterimage adaptation

Question 51

For humans,the ability to _______ is probably the most important sense.

A)hear
B)taste
C)see
D)smell

Question 52

Light receptors that see best at night are the _______.

A)foveas
B)cones
C)shafts
D)rods

Question 53

Light is focused on the retina by the _______.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)lens

Question 54

Hue,saturation,and brightness are three separate aspects of our experience of:

A)sensation.
B)acuity.
C)colour.
D)night vision.

Question 55

A dichromat _______.

A)sees all colours
B)is either red-green or yellow-blue colour blind
C)responds only to blue-yellow or red-green
D)responds only to black and white

Question 56

Rods and cones are connected to ________.

A)optic neurons
B)bipolar neurons
C)interneurons
D)efferent neurons

Question 57

The inner lining on the back of the eyeball that is sensitive to light is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)retina
C)iris
D)optic nerve

Question 58

The range of electromagnetic wavelengths that we can see is called the:

A)visible spectrum.
B)acuity range.
C)visual field.
D)visual angle.

Question 59

What structure in your eye is most like the film in a camera?

A)the retina
B)the lens
C)the cornea
D)the pupil

Question 60

The aspect of colour that corresponds to names such as red,green,and blue is __________.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 61

The physical stimuli for the sense of hearing are called _______ waves.

A)alpha
B)radio
C)sound
D)beta

Question 62

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what _______ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 63

The height of a sound wave represents its _______.

A)pitch
B)amplitude
C)timbre
D)overtones

Question 64

The trichromatic receptor theory explains how different colour receptors in the eye combine to produce colour vision.However,this theory does NOT explain:

A)negative afterimages.
B)how colour receptors respond differently to different colours.
C)how many colour receptors the retina must use in order to produce colour vision.
D)colour vision.

Question 65

Frequency theory proposes that:

A)pitch is determined by the location on the basilar membrane where the message originated.
B)pitch is determined by the quality of the sound wave.
C)the frequency of the vibrations of the basilar membrane is translated into an equivalent frequency of nerve impulses.
D)nerve cells fire in sequence,not individually.

Question 66

The outer ear is also known as the _______.

A)funneloreum
B)pinna
C)canal
D)lobe

Question 67

The flexible membrane inside the cochlea is called the:

A)round window.
B)eardrum.
C)oval window.
D)basilar membrane.

Question 68

An increase in the frequency of sound waves will correspond most directly to an increase in _______.

A)amplitude
B)pitch
C)loudness
D)decibels

Question 69

The structures in the inner ear that are particularly sensitive to body rotation are the __________.

A)vestibular sacs
B)saccules
C)semicircular canals
D)papillae

Question 70

The boundary between the middle ear and inner ear is the:

A)basilar membrane.
B)cochlea.
C)eardrum.
D)oval window.

Question 71

The Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision assumes that:

A)colour receptors exist in opposing pairs.
B)colour perception is determined by differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
C)there are three different types of cones.
D)all of the above

Question 72

The oval window,cochlea,and basilar membrane are all part of the:

A)middle ear.
B)inner ear.
C)external ear.
D)auditory chamber.

Question 73

The middle ear includes the ______.

A)ear canal
B)round window
C)hammer
D)basilar membrane

Question 74

The physical stimuli for the sense of hearing are called __________ waves.

A)alpha
B)infrared
C)sound
D)sine

Question 75

Humans hear sounds ranging from 16 to ______ hertz.

A)100
B)6000
C)20 000
D)1500

Question 76

As sounds become louder,their ______ increases.

A)frequency
B)pitch
C)amplitude
D)hertz

Question 77

Red,green,and blue are _______.

A)primary colours
B)secondary colours
C)additive colours
D)complementary colours

Question 78

The changes in pressure caused when molecules of air or fluid collide with one another and then move apart again are called __________.

A)hertz
B)sound waves
C)decibels
D)pitch

Question 79

Hertz is a unit of measurement of __________.

A)frequency
B)amplitude
C)loudness
D)overtones

Question 80

Frequency determines _______.

A)pitch
B)amplitude
C)timbre
D)overtones