Deck 6: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which was a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's _______.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Answer 1

difference threshold

Question 2

If a researcher wanted to know how loudly a person must speak in order to be heard above the noise of two other simultaneous conversations,the researcher would likely measure the ________.

A)difference threshold
B)marginal intensity
C)relative magnitude
D)absolute threshold

Answer 2

difference threshold

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold?

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference
D)separation threshold

Answer 3

separation threshold

Question 4

Detecting environmental stimulation" is one way to define ______.

A)perception
B)feeling
C)sensation
D)awareness

Question 5

The term "just noticeable difference" is loosely synonymous with __________.

A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 6

The process whereby we receive information from the environment through our receptors is _______.

A)encoding
B)perception
C)sensation
D)transduction

Question 7

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the _______.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)minimum threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 8

Our ________ enable us to make sense of the sensations that we are continually experiencing.

A)sensory organs
B)motor abilities
C)perceptual abilities
D)sensory abilities

Question 9

The relation between the amount of physical energy in a stimulus and the sensory experience of that stimulus is studied by:

A)encoding psychology.
B)psychophysics.
C)sensory physiology.
D)transduction psychology.

Question 10

The point at which a person can detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the __________.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)range threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 11

"Sensation is to _______ as perception is to _______."

A)psychological; physical
B)gathering; understanding
C)understanding; gathering
D)interpreting; detecting

Question 12

The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the __________.

A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 13

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which vibrated at a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's __________.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 14

_______ theory was developed to isolate separate measures of sensory sensitivity and decision criteria used.

A)Method of limits
B)Method adjustment
C)Signal-detection
D)Method of constant stimuli

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold?

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference threshold
D)separation threshold

Question 16

Sensation is _______.

A)the organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns
B)the stimulation of the senses
C)the presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation
D)the result of activity in the efferent nervous system

Question 17

Dr.Delmar wants to determine how loud a certain noise must be in order for it to be heard from a distance of 50 feet.Her question involves the concept of:

A)relative magnitude.
B)difference threshold.
C)absolute threshold.
D)just noticeable difference (jnd).

Question 18

The components in the sense organs that respond to energy are called _______.

A)sensor cells
B)receptor cells
C)transducers
D)effector cells

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Only the difference threshold varies from person to person.
B)Only the absolute threshold is constant for all people.
C)Both the difference threshold and the absolute threshold are constant for all people at all times.
D)Both the absolute threshold and the difference threshold vary from person to person over time.

Question 20

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones.The tones varied only along the loud-soft dimensions (from very loud to very soft).The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she heard a sound.The doctor was testing Ann's _______.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 21

The pupil is the:

A)opening in the center of the iris.
B)colored part of the eye.
C)white of the eye.
D)lining in the back of the eyeball.

Question 22

For humans,the ability to _______ is probably the most important sense.

A)hear
B)taste
C)see
D)smell

Question 23

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what __________ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 24

The inner lining on the back of the eyeball which is sensitive to light is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)retina
C)iris
D)optic nerve

Question 25

The eyes convert light energy into neural responses that we experience as sight.The conversion of light energy into sight is done by receptor cells in the _______.

A)iris
B)pupil
C)blind spot
D)retina

Question 26

The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the __________.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)lens
D)retina

Question 27

If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper,you will see a greenish image of the object.This phenomenon best supports the:

A)Young-Helmholtz opponent-process theory of color vision.
B)Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of color vision.
C)Hering opponent-process theory of color vision.
D)Hering trichromatic theory of color vision.

Question 28

The depressed spot in the retina which occupies the center of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)cornea
C)iris
D)optic nerve

Question 29

The problem of subjects knowing too much about the sequencing of intensities during sensation studies is overcome by the method of _______.

A)adjustment
B)limits
C)constant stimuli
D)none of the above

Question 30

________ are receptors that are best for seeing details.

A)Cones
B)Rods
C)Bipolar cells
D)Ganglion cells

Question 31

Light is focused on the retina by the _______.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)lens

Question 32

The pupil is the __________.

A)opening in the center of the iris
B)colored part of the eye
C)white of the eye
D)lining in the back of the eyeball

Question 33

Professor Zander wants to know how loud a certain noise must be in order to be heard from a distance of 50 feet.This question involves the concept of _______.

A)relative magnitude
B)difference threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)inverse discrimination

Question 34

_______ studies the relationship between physical energies and psychological experiences.

A)Physiology
B)Psychophysics
C)Psychometrics
D)Psychopathology

Question 35

Light enters the eye through the _______.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)retina

Question 36

The colored part of the eye which contains muscles to contract or expand the pupil is the __________.

A)lens
B)fovea
C)iris
D)cornea

Question 37

The depressed spot in the retina which occupies the center of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the:

A)fovea.
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)optic nerve.

Question 38

Which type of receptor cell is associated with seeing colors?

A)ganglia
B)bipolar
C)rods
D)cones

Question 39

The shape of the lens adjusts in order to _______.

A)protect the eye from too much light
B)let in more light when it is dark
C)focus on different objects at different distances
D)allow time for the eye to adjust to bright light

Question 40

The lens:

A)is the transparent outer membrane of the eye that covers the pupil and iris.
B)allows one to focus on objects at different distances.
C)allows light initially to enter the eye.
D)controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 41

A dichromat _______.

A)sees all colors
B)is either red-green or yellow-blue color blind
C)responds only to blue-yellow or red-green
D)responds only to black and white

Question 42

Which Gestalt law of organization must always occur even if other laws of organization are also illustrated?

A)figure-ground
B)similarity
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 43

The purity,richness,or vividness of a hue is known as its __________.

A)brightness
B)saturation
C)additive mix
D)depth

Question 44

Rods and cones are found in the _______.

A)retina
B)iris
C)optic nerve
D)cornea

Question 45

The eyes detect different colors by using the _______.

A)cortex
B)cones
C)shafts
D)rods

Question 46

The place in the retina where the axons of all the ganglion cells come together to leave the eye is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)optic chiasm
C)blind spot
D)optic nerve

Question 47

Rods and cones are connected to ________.

A)optic neurons
B)bipolar neurons
C)interneurons
D)efferent neurons

Question 48

The vividness or richness of a hue is known as its:

A)brightness.
B)saturation.
C)additive mix.
D)complement.

Question 49

The opponent-process theory of color vision contends that color vision is a result of:

A)lateral inhibition on the retina itself.
B)lateral inhibition in the visual cortex.
C)calculation of differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
D)competition between three types of rods and three types of cones.

Question 50

Adaptation is the process in which _______.

A)receptor cells become linked to one another
B)receptor sensitivity changes depending upon the intensity of the stimulus
C)visual acuity improves as one centers an object's light on the fovea
D)nonspectral colors can be seen

Question 51

The trichromat:

A)can see all colors of the spectrum.
B)sees only red,green,and white.
C)cannot see color.
D)cannot perceive red and green.

Question 52

The aspect of color that corresponds to names such as red,green,and blue is __________.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 53

Red,green,and blue are _______.

A)primary colors
B)secondary colors
C)additive colors
D)complementary colors

Question 54

The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called _______.

A)afterimage resolution
B)light adaptation
C)dark adaptation
D)afterimage adaptation

Question 55

Light receptors which see best at night are the _______.

A)foveas
B)cones
C)shafts
D)rods

Question 56

The range of electromagnetic wavelengths that we can see is called the:

A)visible spectrum.
B)acuity range.
C)visual field.
D)visual angle.

Question 57

The Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision assumes that:

A)color receptors exist in opposing pairs.
B)color perception is determined by differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
C)there are three different types of cones.
D)all of the above

Question 58

What structure in your eye is most like the film in a camera?

A)the retina
B)the lens
C)the cornea
D)the pupil

Question 59

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what _______ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 60

Hue,saturation,and brightness are three separate aspects of our experience of:

A)sensation.
B)acuity.
C)color.
D)night vision.

Question 61

When we look at a white house,we can recognize it as a white house by day or night and from any angle.This is due to perceptual _______.

A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency

Question 62

Gestalt theorists are known for explaining:

A)figure-ground reversals.
B)the law of similarity.
C)the law of proximity.
D)all of the above

Question 63

Gestalt theorists propose that much of what we see is divided into:

A)proximal and distal.
B)figure and ground.
C)standard and deviant.
D)chromatic and monocular.

Question 64

Perceiving incomplete objects as complete define:

A)figure-ground.
B)similarity.
C)proximity.
D)closure.

Question 65

You are seated at a small table talking to a friend opposite you who is drinking coffee.As she lifts the cup off the saucer and raises it to her mouth,the image made on your retina by the bottom of the cup actually changes shape,but you still "see" it as round due to:

A)good continuation.
B)movement parallax.
C)perceptual constancy.
D)proximity.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a perceptual constancy?

A)size
B)shape
C)brightness
D)linear perspective

Question 67

Whether you are standing right next to it or a mile away from it,you know a tree is the same size because of________

A)the figure-ground distinction
B)the phi phenomenon
C)perceptual constancy
D)retinal disparity

Question 68

When we look at a white house,we can recognize it as a white house by day or night and from any angle.This is due to perceptual __________.

A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency

Question 69

Color,shape,size,and brightness are all types of perceptual _______.

A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency

Question 70

Size constancy explains why _______.

A)objects are perceived as having constant dimensions regardless of distance
B)perception of size is inversely related to distance
C)closer objects are perceived as smaller than far-away objects
D)distance affects perceived size

Question 71

Whether you are standing right next to it or a mile away from it,you know a tree is the same size because of _______.

A)the figure-ground distinction
B)the phi phenomenon
C)perceptual constancy
D)retinal disparity

Question 72

Elements that share common features such as size,shape,or color are viewed as a set.This defines which Gestalt law of organization?

A)figure-ground
B)similarity
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 73

Experiencing MEANINGFUL patterns in the jumble of sensory information received by the brain is _______.

A)sensation
B)perception
C)adaptation
D)transduction

Question 74

Our tendency to see objects as relatively stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information is called perceptual __________.

A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency

Question 75

Our tendency to see objects as relatively stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information is called _______.

A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency

Question 76

People with normal vision will perceive a pyramid whether they see the object from the side,top,or any other angle as long as the object is,in fact,a pyramid.This is the law of:

A)shape constancy.
B)size constancy.
C)figure-ground.
D)visual angle.

Question 77

"Single-eye vision is to _______ as double-eye vision is to _______."

A)kinetic; monocular
B)monocular; kinetic
C)monocular; binocular
D)binocular; monocular

Question 78

Figure-ground is to _______ as dream interpretation is to psychoanalysis.

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)Gestalt
D)humanism

Question 79

Which Gestalt law of organization must always occur even if other laws of organization are also illustrated?

A)figure-ground
B)similarity
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 80

Perceptions differ from sensations in that:

A)perceptions depend as much on prior experience as they do on neural cues traveling between receptors and the brain.
B)perceptions are purely psychological,whereas sensations are purely neural.
C)each sensation is actually a large set of perceptions.
D)sensations depend mostly on learning,whereas perceptions are innate processes.