Deck 13: Development Over the Life Span

Question 1

The __________ roughly resembles a human being.

A)zygote
B)fetus
C)embryo
D)placenta

Answer 1

fetus

Question 2

The description and explanation of behavior changes in the individual and the differences between individuals from conception to death is called _________.

A)developmental psychology
B)the whole life approach
C)the life-span development approach
D)the longitudinal method

Answer 2

the life-span development approach

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a stage of development?

A)ovum
B)uterine
C)embryo
D)fetal

Answer 3

uterine

Question 4

A baby's language that consists of repetition of consonant-vowel combinations is called __________.

A)cooing
B)telegraphic speech
C)holophrasing
D)babbling

Question 5

Developmental norms are useful because they ___________________.

A)tell parents when their child will begin to talk
B)tell parents when their child is ready to talk
C)give an indication of future skills and potentials
D)alert parents to extreme developmental deviations

Question 6

The drug most abused by pregnant women is __________.

A)nicotine
B)marijuana
C)cocaine
D)alcohol

Question 7

Tracy is nine months.She is growing and changing so quickly it is difficult for her parents to keep up with all the things she is learning.Her parents have lately noticed that Tracy is spending more and more time and energy trying to do things for herself.This is a sign she is beginning to develop ___________________.

A)self-recognition
B) self-attention
C)a sense of attachment
D)a sense of autonomy

Question 8

Which of the following developmental sequences is in correct order?

A)embryo,zygote,fetus,infant
B)ovum,embryo,fetus,infant
C)fetus,embryo,ovum,infant
D)ovum,fetus,embryo,infant

Question 9

From the second week until the third month after conception,the developing organism is called a(n)__________.

A)neonate
B)fetus
C)zygote
D)embryo

Question 10

The life-span development approach has which of the following goals?

A)Describe the physical changes that occur between birth and adolescence.
B)Describe and explain behavior changes within an individual and differences between individuals from conception to death.
C)Explain the results of learning from conception to death.
D)Investigate the influence of heredity and environment upon individuals from conception to death.

Question 11

The study of psychological and physical changes from conception to death is _______ psychology.

A)personality
B)developmental
C)evolutionary
D)physiological

Question 12

A reflex crucial to an infant's survival is __________.

A)cooing
B)grasping
C)sucking
D)stepping

Question 13

The field of _______ focuses on the questions of how people of different ages differ from one another and what caused those differences.

A)personality
B)comparative psychology
C)developmental psychology
D)geriatrics

Question 14

An approach which is concerned with description and explanation of changes within an individual and between individuals from conception until death is call the _______ approach.

A)whole life
B)life-span developmental
C)entire life developmental
D)childhood/adulthood developmental

Question 15

A researcher who studies a fixed group of people over a long period of time is,by definition,using the __________ method.

A)longitudinal
B)correlational
C)cross-sectional
D)biographical study

Question 16

A researcher who selects a sample of people of varying ages and studies them at one point in time is,by definition,using the __________ method.

A)longitudinal
B)correlational
C)cross-sectional
D)biographical study

Question 17

A disorder that is caused during pregnancy and is characterized by the child having facial defects,stunted growth,and cognitive impairments is __________.

A)Munchausen's syndrome
B)fetal alcohol syndrome
C)body dysmorphia
D)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 18

A researcher who studies a fixed group of people over a long period of time is,by definition,using the __________.

A)longitudinal method
B)correlational method
C)cross-sectional method
D)case study method

Question 19

The emotional bond formed during the first year of life that makes human babies cling to their caretakers is called __________.

A)attachment
B)intimacy
C)socialization
D)imprinting

Question 20

Before puberty,males do not produce sperm,even though their genitals are physically equivalent to a man's.This illustrates which of the following?

A)empiricism
B)behaviorism
C)humanism
D)maturation

Question 21

Piaget's theory of intellectual development assumes that:

A)children pass through certain stages at a specific age.
B)children pass through a series of 6 sequential stages.
C)children pass through a series of stages in the same order.
D)children pass through stages but in no particular order and at no specified ages.

Question 22

_______ is most famous for his theory that all children go through a series of sequential intellectual stages.

A)Ainsworth
B)Bowlby
C)Gesell
D)Piaget

Question 23

According to Piaget,children learn to retrace their thoughts,correct themselves,see more than one dimension to a problem,but cannot yet handle abstract concepts during the __________ stage.

A)preoperational
B)formal operational
C)concrete operational
D)sensorimotor

Question 24

Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of __________.

A)cognitive development
B)language development
C)perceptual development
D)motor development

Question 25

Which of the following is the correct order for Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

A)sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operations,formal operations
B)preoperational,concrete operations,formal operations,sensorimotor
C)preoperational,sensorimotor,concrete operations,formal operations
D)preoperational,formal operations,sensorimotor,concrete operations

Question 26

The proper sequence of the intellectual stages of development are:

A)preoperational,sensorimotor,concrete,and formal.
B)sensorimotor,concrete,preoperational,and formal.
C)formal,sensorimotor,preoperational,and concrete.
D)sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete,and formal.

Question 27

Harlow's studies with young monkeys showed that:

A)monkeys prefer soft mothers over food.
B)monkeys prefer the mother who provides food regardless of other factors.
C)monkeys prefer a wire mother in stressful situations.
D)none of the above

Question 28

Which of the following concepts was NOT used by Piaget?

A)schema
B)assimilation
C)accommodation
D)critical period

Question 29

Which of the following is the correct order for Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

A)Sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operations,formal operations.
B)Preoperational,concrete operations,formal operations,sensorimotor.
C)Preoperational,sensorimotor,concrete operations,formal operations.
D)Preoperational,formal operations,sensorimotor,concrete operations.

Question 30

According to Piaget,children begin to develop concepts and the ability to think in terms of abstractions in the __________ stage.

A)preoperational
B)formal operational
C)concrete operational
D)sensorimotor

Question 31

According to Piaget,which of the following is crucial to cognitive development at the sensorimotor stage?

A)egocentrism
B)attachment
C)language
D)object permanence

Question 32

The tendency for young children to seek closeness to certain people is called ________.

A)caretaking
B)affiliation
C)social affinity
D)attachment

Question 33

According to Piaget,the stage of cognitive development between two and seven years of age,in which the individual becomes able to use mental representations and language to describe,remember,and reason about the world,though only in an egocentric fashion,is the __________ stage.

A)concrete operations
B)preoperational
C)sensorimotor
D)formal operations

Question 34

Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of _______________.

A)cognitive development
B)language development
C)perceptual development
D)attachment

Question 35

The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink milk was trying to coax him to drink some.Taking the glass of milk,she poured it all into a smaller cup and said,"There! Now you won't have to drink so much." She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the __________ stage.

A)preconventional
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 36

The strange situation procedure,in which researchers unobtrusively watch an infant in the presence or absence of several combinations of the child,caretaker,and stranger,is used to study _________.

A)social smiling
B)attachment
C)identification
D)dependence and independence

Question 37

Adjusting behavior or thoughts to fit new environmental demands is called _______.

A)schema
B)accommodation
C)assimilation
D)structure

Question 38

Early attachment theories state that a mother is rewarding to her infant because she provides the food.This was disproven with Harlow's experiments using _________.

A)monkeys
B)cats
C)humans
D)chicks

Question 39

The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink milk was trying to coax him to drink some.Taking the glass of milk,she poured it all into a small cup and said,"There! Now you won't have to drink so much." She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the ________________ stage.

A)preconventional
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 40

In Harlow's studies with young monkeys,the monkeys were exposed to a wire mother with a bottle and a cloth mother without a bottle.The young monkeys spent their non-feeding time:

A)with the wire mother.
B)with both mothers equally.
C)with the cloth mother.
D)away from both mothers.

Question 41

The belief that one is the center of the world is called by Piaget:

A)animism.
B)egocentrism.
C)self-centering.
D)centrismic thinking.

Question 42

A characteristic that first shows up in the concrete operations stage is _______.

A)irreversibility
B)abstract thinking
C)egocentrism
D)logical thinking

Question 43

Piaget's stage theory assumes that:

A)all children pass through certain stages at a specified age.
B)all children pass through a series of 6 stages.
C)all children pass through stages in the same order.
D)children often skip some of the stages.

Question 44

Which of the following states has as a main theme the ability to consider many possible solutions to a problem and the ability to systematically test those possibilities?

A)preoperational
B)sensorimotor
C)formal operations
D)concrete operations

Question 45

Preoperational,concrete operations,and formal operations are all stages devised by _______.

A)Bruner
B)Freud
C)Skinner
D)Piaget

Question 46

If a child can tell you what "Y" is equal to when you give her the equation X = Y + 10,then she is in the _______ stage of cognitive development.

A)formal operations
B)concrete operations
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Question 47

Kohlberg's theory of moral development is based on _______ theory.

A)Piaget's
B)Erikson's
C)Freud's
D)social-learning

Question 48

A characteristic that first shows up in the formal operations stage is _______.

A)irreversibility
B)abstract thinking
C)egocentrism
D)logical thinking

Question 49

Piaget attributed cognitive development to the interaction of what two processes?

A)assimilation and accommodation
B)assimilation and egocentric thinking
C)egocentric thinking and conservation
D)conservation and accommodation

Question 50

The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink juice was trying to coax him to drink some.Taking the glass of juice,she poured it all into a smaller cup and said,"There! Now you won't have to drink so much." She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the _______ stage.

A)preconventional
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 51

The adage,"Out of sight,out of mind," is most accurately applied to the early part of the _______ stage of development.

A)formal operations
B)concrete operations
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Question 52

Suppose that you show a small boy two bars of fresh fudge that are equal on all dimensions (exactly the same size,shape,and weight).You ask him if the two bars are the same,and he says "Yes." You then cut one of the bars into 10 chunks as he watches.You are surprised when he now asks if he can have the cut up fudge because it has more candy than the intact bar.This episode illustrates that the youngster:

A)probably is retarded.
B)lacks the concept of object permanence.
C)is in the preoperational stage.
D)is in the concrete operational stage.

Question 53

Which of the following sequences of Piagetian stages is the correct order?

A)sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operations,formal operations
B)preoperational,concrete operations,formal operations,sensorimotor
C)concrete operations,preoperational,formal operations,sensorimotor
D)sensorimotor,concrete operations,preoperational,formal operations

Question 54

Based on Piagetian theory,which of the following relationships is NOT correct?

A)concrete operations--have attained conservation
B)preoperational--animism
C)formal operations--egocentrism
D)sensorimotor--developing object permanence

Question 55

According to Piaget,what are the ages for the formal operational stage?

A)birth to age two
B)age two to seven
C)age seven to eleven
D)beyond age eleven or twelve

Question 56

Erik knows that the Saint Bernard is a large dog instead of a little pony.This is an example of what Piaget called ________.

A)accommodation
B)assimilation
C)conservation
D)egocentric thinking

Question 57

Lawrence Kohlberg is noted for his theories of __________ development.

A)cognitive
B)social
C)moral
D)emotional

Question 58

In which stage of cognitive development does the conservation concept first appear?

A)formal operations
B)concrete operations
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Question 59

Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of _______.

A)cognitive development
B)language development
C)perceptual development
D)attachment

Question 60

What event marks the end of the Piagetian stage of sensorimotor development?

A)the ability to do abstract thinking
B)the ability to do reversible thinking
C)the development of conservation
D)the development of object permanence

Question 61

Early maturing girls:

A)tend to be less popular with boys because of their bossiness.
B)lack self confidence.
C)have adjustment difficulties more severe than their male counterparts.
D)tend to do poorly in school.

Question 62

Which of the following theorists believe that people go through stages,each of which has a "crisis" associated with it?

A)Bandura
B)Kohlberg
C)Piaget
D)Erikson

Question 63

Boys who are late physical maturers:

A)often feel inadequate.
B)may compensate for their feelings of inadequacy by becoming overachievers.
C)often become leaders as adults.
D)adjust as well as early and normal maturers.

Question 64

The most obvious change ushering in adolescence is _______.

A)voice change
B)intellectual growth
C)the growth spurt
D)emotional upheaval

Question 65

Erikson's theory of social development viewed the ages of two to three,his second stage,as being characterized by the major challenge of __________.

A)identity versus role diffusion
B)basic trust versus mistrust
C)industry versus inferiority
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 66

Research indicates that onset of puberty _______________.

A)has remained relatively unchanged for several centuries
B)is occurring at later ages than ever before in developed countries
C)is occurring at earlier ages than ever before in developed countries
D)is less important to teenagers today than it has been historically

Question 67

As children approach their teen years,contact with _______ becomes more important in their development.

A)peers
B)parents
C)teachers
D)adults

Question 68

Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of __________.

A)intimacy versus isolation
B)identity versus role diffusion
C)generativity versus stagnation
D)integrity versus despair

Question 69

Erik Erikson found that each stage in personality development has a particular _______.

A)crisis
B)conflict
C)identity
D)anxiety

Question 70

Erikson's intimacy vs.isolation crisis would most likely be associated with which event in the family cycle?

A)your last child leaving home
B)your first child leaving home
C)marrying
D)adolescence

Question 71

According to Erikson's theory,the _______ stage of development occurs in old age.

A)generativity versus stagnation
B)intimacy versus isolation
C)integrity versus despair
D)trust versus mistrust

Question 72

When adolescents are asked what they MOST dislike about themselves,they are most likely to say they dislike their __________________.

A)personality
B)social status
C)physical appearance
D)inability to control their own life

Question 73

The major turning point in most adults' lives is __________.

A)getting their first job
B)buying their first house
C)dealing with aging parents
D)having and raising children

Question 74

The most obvious change ushering in adolescence is __________.

A)voice change
B)intellectual growth
C)the growth spurt
D)emotional upheaval

Question 75

Erik is a newborn.According to Erikson,his main task will be to develop a sense of __________.

A)trust
B)initiative
C)industry
D)autonomy

Question 76

Most young adolescents are at the level of thinking which Piaget described as __________.

A)formal operational
B)preoperational
C)sensorimotor
D)concrete operational

Question 77

Erikson's theory of social development viewed the ages of three to six,his third stage,as being characterized by the major challenge of __________.

A)identity versus role diffusion
B)initiative versus guilt
C)industry versus inferiority
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 78

According to Erikson,a conflict of identity vs.role confusion occurs during:

A)adolescence.
B)young adulthood.
C)middle adulthood.
D)old age.

Question 79

According to Erik Erikson,the crucial task confronting a person approaching death is that of establishing or attaining _______.

A)trust
B)ego identity
C)ego integrity
D)autonomy

Question 80

The period of life between roughly the ages of 10 and 20 when a person is transformed from a child to an adult is __________.

A)puberty
B)menarche
C)maturation
D)adolescence