Deck 5: Narcotics: Opium, Heroin, and Synthetic Opiates

Question 1

3 Compared to opium use among Americans and Europeans,opium use among the Chinese and other Asians was quite different in form but similar in extent.Explain.

Answer 1

no answer

Question 2

4 Laudanum originated in Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age,about 1200
B.
C.
p.120

Answer 2

False

Question 3

1 The term "narcotic" refers to any illicit psychoactive drug.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

9 China invented a novel form of opium use: opium smoking.

Question 5

6 Sydenham's Laudanum contained opium.

Question 6

2 Discuss the causes and outcomes of the Opium War (1842-1860).

Question 7

11 In what way does OxyContin treatment for pain present a dilemma in medical practice?

Question 8

5 Laudanum is a form of opium that was typically smoked.

Question 9

4 What was the principal concern and what was the general outcome regarding heroin abuse among the U.S.armed forces personnel in Vietnam during the 1960s and 1970s?

Question 10

6 Explain how naloxone and endorphins help account for the behavioral effects of heroin and other opioid-derived drugs.

Question 11

8 The Opium War (1842-1860)resulted from China's insistence in exporting opium to other countries of the world

Question 12

7 The acceptable form of taking Sydenham's Laudanum in America and Europe was by smoking the opium.

Question 13

2 Morphine is an example of a natural component of opium.

Question 14

1 Distinguish between the three main classes of narcotic drugs: opium and its natural components,opioid-derivatives,and synthetic opioids.Give two examples of each category.

Question 15

8 Discuss Zinberg's study of heroin chipping and studies since then that shed light upon the dependence-producing potential of heroin.

Question 16

10 Discuss the three principal medical applications of narcotic drugs today.Give examples where needed.

Question 17

3 The yellow California poppy does not have any psychoactive ingredients.

Question 18

5 Describe the principal acute effects of heroin on the mind and the body.

Question 19

9 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of methadone maintenance as a treatment option for heroin abuse.Explain how buprenorphine treatment is different from traditional maintenance programs.

Question 20

7 Give five physiological changes that result from the administration of heroin or other opioid-derived drugs and five changes that result from its withdrawal.

Question 21

24 Black tar is the name given to a type of Colombian heroin.

Question 22

22 In the 1960s,heroin sold in the United States was about 90 percent to 98 percent pure.

Question 23

12 Men outnumbered women in opium use in the nineteenth century by a ratio of three to one.

Question 24

11 In 1942,growing opium poppies became illegal in the United States.

Question 25

25 During the mid-1980s,synthetic forms of heroin,such as heroin derived from fentanyl,began to appear on the streets,created in illegal drug laboratories.

Question 26

10 Laudanum was very popular in Britain but largely unknown in the United States until about 1945.

Question 27

18 The original provision of the Harrison Act of 1914 was to require the registration of prescribed opioids,not to ban them.

Question 28

20 By the 1940s,heroin abuse was widespread in practically every level of society.

Question 29

21 Vietnamese heroin,as consumed by U.S.soldiers fighting in the Vietnam War,was 90 to 98 percent pure.

Question 30

13 The Sears Company advertised and sold products containing opium in the late 1800s.

Question 31

16 Heroin is about three times stronger than morphine.

Question 32

29 Long-term constipation is an effect of heroin use.

Question 33

23 The major source of heroin prior to 1973 was from "the Golden Triangle" region of Asia.

Question 34

26 Chemical modifications of fentanyl known as "China White" were approximately from three to five times (never more than ten times)stronger than heroin.

Question 35

15 Codeine is ten times stronger than morphine.

Question 36

17 After the Civil War,opioid dependence in general was so widespread among returning veterans that the condition was often called the "soldier's disease."

Question 37

19 Smuggling of raw opium increased as a result of the Harrison Act of 1914.

Question 38

28 An individual's first experience with heroin is one of extreme euphoria and a physiological state of calm.

Question 39

27 Physiological changes in the body during heroin use include a release of histamine in the bloodstream,respiratory depression,and increased blood pressure.

Question 40

14 Morphine is approximately ten times stronger than raw opium.

Question 41

39 Heroin withdrawal symptoms are often fatal.

Question 42

32 Naloxone is a pure antagonist to morphine in the brain.

Question 43

48 Methadone treatment must be administered in a drug treatment center.

Question 44

36 Mainlining is a term that refers to snorting heroin.

Question 45

31 Opioid antagonists block the effects of morphine.

Question 46

40 Long-term heroin abuse can result in strong conditioned-learning effects having to do with the social setting where the heroin was used.

Question 47

37 If the dose level is low,then tolerance effects will be more dramatic than if the dose level is high.

Question 48

42 From a long-term perspective,compared to other drugs,heroin is relatively nontoxic.

Question 49

46 "Cold turkey" refers to the onset of chills during heroin withdrawal.

Question 50

38 Diarrhea is one of the symptoms of heroin consumption.

Question 51

34 The brain produces its own "opioid-like" substances called endorphins.

Question 52

33 Naloxone only has an effect when morphine is already in the body.

Question 53

41 Needle freaks often inject needles into their skin and experience heroin-like effects even if no heroin is present.

Question 54

47 The process of controlled,medically supervised heroin withdrawal is called detoxification.

Question 55

43 Few heroin-related deaths are attributed to the chronic effects of heroin alone.

Question 56

49 Many argue that methadone maintenance programs substitute one addiction for another.

Question 57

44 If a heroin user takes his regular dose of heroin in an unfamiliar setting,the effect on the user may be different than if he took it in his regular setting.

Question 58

35 Endorphins and naloxone share the same effects on morphine-sensitive receptors in the brain.

Question 59

45 Chipping is a term referring to the practice of controlled or paced heroin intake.

Question 60

30 Morphine-sensitive receptors exist in the brain.

Question 61

61 In 2012,OxyContin was withdrawn from the market due to its high potential for abuse.

Question 62

55 In the United States,a Schedule I drug such as heroin can be used legally only for medical purposes.

Question 63

56 Loperamide (brand name: Imodium)effectively controls diarrhea symptoms but does not produce psychoactive effects because the drug cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.

Question 64

3 The term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word meaning __________.

A)stupor
B)painlessness
C)illegal
D)governmental

Question 65

58 OxyContin was originally thought to be safe from potential abuse.

Question 66

57 Dextromethorphan is a narcotic drug used for antitussive purposes.

Question 67

52 LAAM is a synthetic opioid that has a longer duration than methadone.

Question 68

4 According to the text,what is the most important characteristic of narcotics?

A)They greatly reduce feelings of pain.
B)They are mostly available as over-the-counter drugs.
C)They are very inexpensive.
D)both A and B

Question 69

5 At one time,which one of the following drugs was inappropriately classified as a narcotic?

A)codeine
B)cocaine
C)thebaine
D)synthetic opioids

Question 70

51 Methadone blocks the abusers craving to get high.

Question 71

62 The nonmedical use of OxyContin has increased dramatically in recent years.

Question 72

60 OxyContin abusers are typically young white males.

Question 73

1 Narcotics are defined as __________.

A)any illicit psychoactive drug
B)any drug that causes some degree of dependence
C)drugs that produce a dream-like effect
D)both A and B

Question 74

50 Methadone maintenance programs help all heroin abusers.

Question 75

59 OxyContin taken orally is just as powerful as OxyContin that is crushed into a powder and snorted.

Question 76

53 In recent years,a sustained-release version of buprenorphine administered by injection was developed,and now heroin abusers in treatment need to visit a physician's office only on a monthly basis

Question 77

54 Heroin is a Schedule III drug,along with codeine.

Question 78

7 Morphine,codeine,and thebaine are all natural components of __________.

A)heroin
B)CNS depressants
C)opium
D)coca leaves

Question 79

6 Natural components of opium are usually categorized as __________.

A)synthetic opioids
B)opium extracts
C)thebaine derivatives
D)variations of heroin

Question 80

2 In terms of their psychoactive properties,narcotics include the following drug(s): __________.

A)morphine
B)cocaine
C)opioids in general
D)both morphine and opioids in general