Deck 6: Lsd and Other Hallucinogens

Question 1

1 Approximately 6,000 plant species have psychoactive properties.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

5 MDMA (Ecstasy)is a hallucinogen chemically related to norepinephrine.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

3 Take one of the six questions regarding LSD discussed in the chapter and answer the question with the available research data.

Answer 3

no answer

Question 4

2 Psychedelic means "mind-reducing."

Question 5

6 PCP and ketamine are chemically related to the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Question 6

10 The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)researched LSD for its possible application in espionage work.

Question 7

2 Describe three acute effects of LSD associated with early stages of the experience and three acute effects associated with later stages.

Question 8

7 The most widely known hallucinogen,LSD,does not exist in nature.

Question 9

7 Describe one example of a "hexing" drug,its psychoactive ingredients and their effects on brain chemistry,and its historical importance.

Question 10

6 Describe the use of peyote by the Native American Church.Discuss the controversy over the legalization of its use for religious purposes.

Question 11

9 Albert Hofmann worked for Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert at Harvard University.

Question 12

8 Outbreaks of ergotism have been recorded from the Middle Ages to as late as the 1700s.

Question 13

12 LSD is one of the most psychoactive drugs known.

Question 14

4 Compare and contrast the effects of psilocybin and LSD.

Question 15

5 Discuss the three major categories of hallucinogens that are related to the particular neurotransmitter systems in the brain.Please include one example of a hallucinogenic drug in each.

Question 16

4 Drugs chemically related to dopamine make up one of the three principal categories of hallucinogens.

Question 17

8 Discuss the specific dangers of PCP abuse.

Question 18

11 LSD is a Schedule V controlled substance under federal drug regulations.

Question 19

1 Discuss the problems in arriving at a term for "hallucination-producing" drugs.Why does the term "psychedelic" carry with it extra meaning?

Question 20

3 A hallucination is the distorted perception of something that really exists.

Question 21

25 Flashbacks never occur with someone who has used LSD one time only.

Question 22

13 The half-life of LSD is approximately three hours.

Question 23

24 Though there is no scientific evidence to prove it,much of society believes LSD causes genetic damage.

Question 24

29 Psilocin is an inactive form of psilocybin.

Question 25

15 Millions of deaths in the United States have been attributed solely to LSD overdose.

Question 26

23 Research has shown a link between LSD use and high rates of birth defects.
p 153

Question 27

32 The ayahuasca drink,employed by many South American shamans,contains harmine.

Question 28

19 It is virtually impossible to "come down" from LSD at will.

Question 29

21 LSD mimics the experience of schizophrenic psychosis.

Question 30

20 Research has shown that LSD panic leads to a more permanent psychiatric breakdown.

Question 31

27 "Freaking out" on LSD is dangerous but never life-threatening.

Question 32

26 There is a strong relationship between LSD and violent behavior.

Question 33

28 Psilocybin comes from plants native to mountainous regions of northern Asia.

Question 34

18 LSD use is highly likely to result in drug dependence.

Question 35

22 LSD has been documented to increase artistic creativity but not musical creativity.

Question 36

17 LSD dosage levels are approximately the same as those experienced in the 1960s and the 1970s.

Question 37

30 LSD produces more strongly visual hallucinations than psilocybin.

Question 38

31 Harmine has been referred to as "the businessman's LSD."

Question 39

16 Synesthesia refers to an intermingling of visual and auditory sensations.

Question 40

14 The toxicity of LSD is low.

Question 41

35 "Ecstasy" is now a street drug,but it has been formerly used in psychiatry,under the name of DOM.

Question 42

1 The actual discoverer of LSD in 1943 was __________.

A)Adam Sertürner
B)Albert Hofmann
C)a Navajo shaman in Arizona
D)Richard Alpert

Question 43

34 LSD and mescaline share a common brain mechanism.

Question 44

50 Ketamine was changed from a Schedule III to a Schedule II drug in 1999.

Question 45

39 There is concern that the lower current prevalence rate for Ecstasy among secondary school students,relative to its peak around 2001,may not sustain itself in the near future.

Question 46

42 Amanita mushrooms produce muscular spasms.

Question 47

46 Once ingested as a pill,PCP is typically smoked in more recent instances of abuse.

Question 48

40 The active ingredient in amanita muscaria is muscarine.

Question 49

41 Amanita muscaria drugs block the effects of serotonin.

Question 50

47 Angel dust is another name for LSD.

Question 51

44 Datura plants yield hallucinogens chemically related to serotonin.

Question 52

33 The hallucinogen mescaline is derived from a spineless cactus called peyote.

Question 53

45 Phencyclidine (PCP)was once used medically as a surgical anesthetic.

Question 54

36 MDMA is also known as Ecstasy.

Question 55

48 The biggest hazard of ketamine is depression of breathing.

Question 56

37 Since the early 1990s,MDMA has become prominent among the new club drugs.

Question 57

2 Hofmann's first "acid trip" occurred when LSD accidentally __________.

A)made contact with his fingertips
B)was breathed in as a vapor
C)spilled onto Hofmann's lap
D)attached itself to Hofmann's briefcase

Question 58

38 The principal acute effect of MDMA is severe hyperthermia.

Question 59

49 The hallucinogen most closely associated with date rape is ketamine.

Question 60

43 Mandrake contains a combination of atropine,scopolamine,and hyoscyamine.

Question 61

5 One element of early experiences with LSD was __________.

A)the intermingling of visual and auditory sensations
B)the extreme paranoia that resulted
C)the sense of extreme tranquility and peace
D)the mild convulsive seizures

Question 62

22 One theory of the origin of the Salem witch trials in 1692 is that __________.

A)town residents were infected with ergot-infected rye grain
B)Albert Hofmann had poisoned the water supply
C)peyote had been ingested by young girls in the community
D)all of the above

Question 63

16 PCP and ketamine are two hallucinogens that are chemically related to __________.

A)serotonin
B)norepinephrine
C)acetylcholine
D)no known neurotransmitters

Question 64

20 LSD was accidentally discovered in a program of research focusing upon efforts to reduce __________.

A)schizophrenic symptoms
B)the abuse potential of sleeping pills
C)bleeding in uterine muscle
D)symptoms of heroin withdrawal

Question 65

7 Which of the following terms has NOT been used to define LSD?

A)psychomimetic
B)psychodysleptic
C)psychodiuretic
D)psycholytic

Question 66

11 Technically,a drug such as _______ could be classified as a hallucinogen when dose levels are very high.

A)heroin
B)cocaine
C)Valium
D)codeine

Question 67

9 Which of the following is an example of a hallucination?

A)seeing an image that is not real
B)hearing a voice that is louder than the voice everyone else hears
C)being able to sense that something will happen before it actually happens
D)both A and C

Question 68

4 When first testing LSD,Hofmann __________.

A)did not react in any way
B)felt the sensation of bugs on his skin
C)experienced hallucinations
D)fell into a deep sleep for several hours

Question 69

21 LSD-25 was the official name for LSD because __________.

A)the year of its discovery was the twenty-fifth anniversary of laboratory in which it was first isolated
B)it was the twenty-fifth variation to be tested
C)it was discovered on July 25,1943
D)it was approximately twenty-five times more potent than mescaline

Question 70

15 Atropine and scopolamine are two hallucinogens that are chemically related to __________.

A)serotonin
B)norepinephrine
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Question 71

18 Ingestion of ergot can lead to __________.

A)gangrene,burning pain,and loss of limbs
B)euphoria,irritability,and stupor
C)hallucinations of insects on one's skin
D)an odd sense of peace and tranquility

Question 72

19 Infected rye grain can result in symptoms of __________.

A)panic attack
B)intoxication
C)ergotism
D)mescalinism

Question 73

17 Ergot is a fungus __________.

A)found atop desert cactus plants
B)in moldy rye grain
C)attached to morning glory seeds
D)related to penicillin

Question 74

14 A hallucinogen that is chemically similar to norepinephrine is __________.

A)LSD
B)harmine
C)mescaline
D)PCP

Question 75

3 The first deliberate testing of LSD involved a dosage __________.

A)approximately equivalent to levels ingested during the 1970s
B)100 times the typical dose for LSD
C)5 times the typical dose for LSD
D)much smaller than the typical dose for LSD

Question 76

12 Drugs that closely resemble all of the following neurotransmitters except ______ comprise the three principal categories of hallucinations.

A)serotonin
B)norepinepherine
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Question 77

6 The term "psychedelic" literally means __________.

A)mind-dissolving
B)mind-disrupting
C)mind- and food-oriented
D)mind-expanding

Question 78

10 The experience of ingesting a hallucinogen might be best described as __________.

A)hallucinogenic rather than illusionogenic
B)illusionogenic rather than hallucinogenic
C)psycholytic rather than psychedelic
D)schizophrenic rather than normal

Question 79

13 LSD,psilocybin,and morning glory seeds are hallucinogens chemically similar to __________.

A)serotonin
B)norepinephrine
C)acetylcholine
D)no known neurotransmitters

Question 80

8 Which descriptor is the most negative one with regard to hallucinogens?

A)psychedelic
B)psychotomimetic
C)psychodysleptic
D)psycholytic