Deck 12: Performance Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports

Question 1

11 In 2004,the World Anti-Doping Code was created as an agreed-upon list of prohibited performance-enhancing drugs and performance-enhancing methods in international sports competitions,testing procedures for their use,and specific penalties for violations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

6 All anabolic steroids are based upon alterations of the testosterone molecule.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

4 Anabolic steroids are actually anabolic-androgenic steroids.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

9 Steroid use was largely limited to athletes in strength events until the mid-1990s.

Question 5

8 Steroid use was completely out in the open during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City.

Question 6

10 Athletes competing in the Olympic Games in 2000 recited an oath not to use drugs in the competition.

Question 7

5 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of EIA and GC/MS procedures for drug testing purposes.

Question 8

6 Discuss the sensitivity and specificity issues in drug testing in general.Choose one drug of abuse and discuss the relevance of these issues with respect to testing for that drug.

Question 9

3 The effect that promotes the development of protein and increases muscle tissue is known as androgenic.

Question 10

1 Greek athletes took LSD to help them in the earliest Olympic Games (around 300
B.C. ).
p.294

Question 11

2 Anabolic steroids disrupt a delicate balance of hormones in the body.Give three examples of these changes in terms of the physical side effects of steroid abuse.

Question 12

2 Anabolic steroid drugs alter both the behavior and physical body of the user.

Question 13

1 Distinguish between the anabolic effects and androgenic effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids.

Question 14

7 Adrenocortical steroids are ergogenic in the same sense as anabolic steroids.

Question 15

4 Discuss the use of amphetamines as performance enhancers in major league baseball and the ways in which some players have attempted to circumvent the amphetamine ban.

Question 16

13 In the condition called gynecomastia,male breasts enlarge.

Question 17

14 Priapism is a form of drug-related impotence.

Question 18

5 Anabolic steroids do not cause androgenic effects.

Question 19

3 Compare and contrast the main effects and side effects of anabolic steroids and human growth hormone (hGH)HHH.

Question 20

12 By the 1970s and 1980s,virtually all the NFL teams were familiar with steroids.

Question 21

24 Possession of small quantities of steroids is a misdemeanor offence in all of the United States.

Question 22

32 An increased risk of acromegaly is an unfortunate side effect of hGH.

Question 23

23 States have their own laws concerning anabolic steroids.In fact,while steroids are classified as a Schedule II drug in some states,other states classify it as a Schedule III drug.

Question 24

25 The practice of taking any steroid that is available is known as stacking.

Question 25

20 Anabolic steroids tend to stimulate growth hormone,producing great height when taken during adolescence.

Question 26

18 One of the beneficial applications of steroids is to help reduce the severity of symptoms resulting from liver cancer.

Question 27

17 A lower voice is one of the reversible side effects of steroid abuse among female athletes.

Question 28

16 Some athletes use HCG to counter the undesirable effects of anabolic steroids.

Question 29

22 Anabolic steroids are now classified as controlled substances under Schedule III.

Question 30

19 "Roid rage" refers to the aggressiveness and mood swings among steroid users.

Question 31

26 The practice of taking steroids for periods lasting four to eighteen weeks is known as cycling.

Question 32

30 Athletes are more resistant to placebo effects than non-athletes because they are more attuned to their bodies.

Question 33

15 Severe acne,especially on the shoulders and back,is one of the side effects of steroid abuse.

Question 34

34 Although the FDA classifies dietary supplements as drugs,they may be marketed and sold without a prescription.

Question 35

27 When abusers abstain from anabolic steroid use,signs of depression are likely to develo

Question 36

29 Research has shown that prevention programs such as ATLAS are not effective among adolescents under the age of seventeen.

Question 37

28 Muscle dysmorphia is a kind of reverse anorexia,where the sufferer thinks that his or her musculature is less developed than it really is.

Question 38

21 Anabolic steroids increase strength in adolescents,but stunt overall body growth.

Question 39

33 There is currently no regulatory authority over the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements.

Question 40

31 Human growth hormone (hGH)acts as an antagonist to more anabolic steroids.

Question 41

39 False positives occur with the EIA test but not with the GC/MS test.

Question 42

8 The two primary effects testosterone has on the human body are _______and ________.

A)androgenic;anabolic
B)androgenic;adrenocortical
C)adrenocortical;anabolic
D)anabolic;stanzodol

Question 43

2 At the Olympic Games in Greece in 300 B.C. ,athletes ____ to enhance their performance.

A)used amphetamines
B)snorted cocaine
C)ate hallucinogenic mushrooms
D)drank caffeinated beverages
2 p)294

Question 44

10 Anabolic literally means __________.

A)muscle-increasing
B)strength-inducing
C)upward-changing
D)work-improving

Question 45

41 The substantial likelihood of yielding a false-positive result is an indication that test specificity is low.

Question 46

7 Any substance that enhances the performance of some task is called __________.

A)androgenic
B)anabolic
C)adrenocortical
D)ergogenic

Question 47

9 Androgenic literally means __________.

A)muscle-increasing
B)man-producing
C)gender-changing
D)sex-enhancing

Question 48

11 Analogy: _______ is to increase in body hair as ______ is to increase in muscle tissue.

A)ergogenic;anabolic
B)anabolic;ergogenic
C)androgenic;anabolic
D)anabolic;androgenic

Question 49

37 EIA is the only testing procedure which can screen for anabolic steroids.

Question 50

38 GC/MS is simpler and less expensive than EIA as a drug test.

Question 51

6 Anabolic steroid drugs are patterned after __________.

A)estrogen
B)testosterone
C)endorphins
D)amino acids

Question 52

36 Short-term use of creatine has been found to produce muscle cramping.

Question 53

12 Anabolic-androgenic steroids will have androgenic effects due to __________.

A)the masculinizing effects of testosterone
B)the ergogenic effects of testosterone
C)the reduction in cortical mass
D)both A and B

Question 54

40 Passive inhalation of marijuana smoke can result in a false-positive indication of marijuana use on a drug screening test.

Question 55

5 The first use of anabolic steroids was in the treatment of __________.

A)anemia
B)insomnia and agitation
C)schizophrenic symptoms
D)hypertension

Question 56

3 By 1900,athletes had experimented with the effects of __________.

A)cocaine
B)barbiturates
C)caffeine
D)all of the above

Question 57

43 Recent surveys indicate a decreasing concern among male adolescents about the appearance of their bodies.

Question 58

42 If the interval between use and testing is long and the elimination half-life is long,urinanalysis can sometimes produce a positive result where oral fluid testing would not.

Question 59

4 In 1886,a Welsh cyclist died while competing in a cross-country race due to ingestion of a combination of heroin and cocaine called a __________.

A)"hardball"
B)"speedball"
C)"curveball"
D)"golfball"

Question 60

35 Androstenedione and creatine are examples of dietary supplements rather than anabolic steroids.

Question 61

15 Analogy: Upward-changing is to anabolic as downward-changing is to__________.

A)androgenic
B)super-anabolic
C)depressant
D)catabolic

Question 62

23 As a result of the presence of anabolic steroids in male users,__________.

A)testosterone secretions increase
B)testicles shrink
C)the voice becomes more girl-like
D)acquired sterility is irreversible

Question 63

20 From 1975 to 1985,official programs existed for administering anabolic steroids to competitive swimmers in what country?

A)East Germany
B)Japan
C)United States
D)Rumania

Question 64

16 Catabolic steroids tend to __________.

A)strengthen muscles
B)weaken muscles
C)increase muscle tissue
D)promote protein development

Question 65

28 Anabolic steroids produce all of the following effects except __________.

A)loss of facial hair
B)severe acne
C)baldness
D)increased sebaceous gland activity

Question 66

22 In 2004,the World Anti-Doping Code was created as an agreed upon list that __________.

A)set a standard list of banned drugs
B)established systems to test for specific drug use
C)identifies penalties for drug users
D)all of the above

Question 67

14 Anabolic-androgenic steroids are all patterned after the molecule of __________.

A)estrogen
B)amphetamine
C)testosterone
D)glucocorticoid

Question 68

26 Gynecomastia refers to __________.

A)the enlargement of breasts
B)the development of female genitalia
C)the loss of facial hair
D)profound sterility

Question 69

13 The aim of ergogenic steroids is to __________.

A)emphasize anabolic effects and de-emphasize androgenic effects
B)emphasize androgenic effects and de-emphasize anabolic effects
C)emphasize both anabolic and androgenic effects
D)de-emphasize both anabolic and androgenic effects

Question 70

32 The most frequently reported side effects of anabolic steroids among women,according to one study,are __________.

A)increased maternal instincts and lactation
B)decreased sexual drive and aggressiveness
C)lower voice and increased facial hair
D)increased appetite and body fat

Question 71

33 Which of the following effects of anabolic steroids on women is NOT reversible?

A)increased acne
B)increased sexual drive
C)increased facial hair
D)stopped menstruation

Question 72

29 HCG is sometimes used in an attempt __________.

A)to increase the potency of anabolic steroids
B)to counter the undesirable effects of anabolic steroids
C)to diagnose the presence of anabolic steroids
D)to increase body strength by reducing the functioning of the testes

Question 73

30 For most athletes,HCG makes matters worse rather than better because __________.

A)HCG is often mixed with other drugs which dilute the potency of the HCG
B)the dosages must be controlled carefully,and most athletes fail to do that
C)HCG only works for women
D)all of the above

Question 74

27 Analogy: Gynecomastia is to breast as priapism is to __________.

A)men
B)penis
C)prostate gland
D)hair

Question 75

25 Ironically,as a result of anabolic steroid use increasing testosterone levels,__________.

A)the testes stop producing testosterone
B)sperm count decreases
C)the testicles shrink
D)all of the above

Question 76

24 Which of the following athletic organizations does NOT conduct testing for steroids?

A)Major League Baseball
B)National Football League
C)National Hockey League
D)All of the above organizations conduct steroid testing.

Question 77

19 Eastern European women athletes in the 1960s and 1970s were frequently accused of being __________.

A)men disguised as women
B)results of genetic mutations
C)bred for athletic prowess
D)both A and B

Question 78

18 Adrenocortical steroids __________.

A)can have catabolic effects
B)reduce inflammation
C)can lead to muscle atrophy over long-term use
D)all of the above

Question 79

17 Available anabolic steroids are administered __________.

A)orally
B)through intramuscular injection
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B

Question 80

31 Adverse effects of HCG include __________.

A)headaches
B)retention of fluids
C)depression
D)all of the above