Deck 11: Health and Medicine

Question 1

Donavon, like 1 percent of the Canadian population, has lived a long life. What age did he live to?

A) 70 years
B) 80 years
C) 90 years
D) 100 years

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the average age of death within a population called?

A) the life course
B) the maximum average human life span
C) the life rate
D) the life expectancy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What was the key factor that would have saved many lives during the Black Plague?

A) better sanitation
B) better nutrition
C) better medicine
D) better housing

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Health risks are unevenly distributed in the population due to factors such as social class, race, ethnicity, and gender. Which of these claims follows from this statement?

A) Health is based on medicine, which transcends sociological concepts.
B) Health is not only a medical question but also a sociological issue.
C) Health is a medical and biological question rather than a sociological issue.
D) There are large biological variations in susceptibility to disease among humans.

Question 5

Increased life expectancy in Canada has had which of the following effects?

A) Death rates have gone down.
B) Heart disease and cancer are now less prevalent.
C) Degenerative conditions have more time to develop.
D) Accidents have become the leading cause of death.

Question 6

Which of the following was the leading cause of death in Canada in 1901?

A) cancers
B) pneumonia
C) heart disease
D) tuberculosis

Question 7

In the medieval era, people attributed their good health to which of the following?

A) keeping body fluids in balance
B) spiritual prayer
C) exercise
D) herbal remedies

Question 8

Benjamin's religion required him to honour the higher power by performing regular bodily cleansing rituals. Which religion prescribed these practices and saved many people from contracting the Black Plague?

A) Roman Catholicism
B) Lutheranism
C) Judaism
D) Hinduism

Question 9

According to the learned Parisian medical community in 1345, what was the root cause of the Black Plague?

A) bilious humours in the body
B) an unfortunate planetary alignment
C) dragons moving in from the edge of the world
D) an epic battle between God and Satan

Question 10

What was the approximate life expectancy in Canada in 1831?

A) 40 years
B) 50 years
C) 60 years
D) 70 years

Question 11

What is the fifth leading cause of death in Canada?

A) cigarettes
B) accidents
C) heart disease
D) cancer

Question 12

Why were the wealthy able to avoid the plague in Europe?

A) They washed their hands more than the poor.
B) The poor avoided them.
C) They could afford the finest medical care of the day.
D) They could flee densely populated cities for the countryside.

Question 13

Sir Thomas Waldicott, a titled nobleman, was able to take actions to save himself and his immediate family from contracting the Black Plague. What did he most likely do?

A) He purchased the best medical care available.
B) He barricaded himself and his family in their London townhome.
C) He avoided the poor in his city.
D) He took his family to their country estate.

Question 14

Which of the following had acquired religiously inspired habits of cleanliness that protected them from the plague?

A) Jews
B) Catholics
C) Waldenses
D) Protestants

Question 15

Who stressed the importance of preventative measures, such as exercise, a balanced diet, and a congenial environment, in maintaining good health?

A) penologists
B) philologists
C) medieval doctors
D) phrenologists

Question 16

Which of the following is demonstrated by the fact that health risks are always unevenly distributed in a population based on social class, gender, and ethnicity?

A) Certain populations have susceptibility to disease, while others do not.
B) Health and disease are biologically based.
C) Disease and health are randomly attributed to people.
D) Social forces shape susceptibility to disease and health.

Question 17

Which of the following was the leading cause of death in Canada in 2009?

A) cancers
B) pneumonia
C) tuberculosis
D) cardiovascular disease

Question 18

Between 1867 and 2009, what happened to the average age at death in Canada?

A) It halved.
B) It doubled.
C) It tripled.
D) It quadrupled.

Question 19

In the fourteenth century, how many people did the Black Death kill?

A) three-quarters of Europe's population
B) two-thirds of Europe's population
C) one-half of Europe's population
D) one-third of Europe's population

Question 20

In Medieval times, leeches were commonly used as a remedy for someone who was ill. What was the belief behind this widespread practice?

A) Leeches were thought to calm people because the feel of them was soothing on the skin.
B) It was believed that leeches injected the body with life-giving properties.
C) Leeches were believed to be creatures of God and hence able to bestow spiritual protection against disease when properly administered.
D) People who were ill were often believed to have an imbalance of fluids, such as blood, and that leeches could help drain the excess.

Question 21

Tyrone has contracted a rare life-threatening strain of measles in Canada. In which of the following types of social causes was there a problem?

A) lifestyle factors
B) human-environment factors
C) social class factors
D) public health system factors

Question 22

Which of the following does the textbook identify as a particularly significant problem among elderly people who retire, lose a spouse and/or friends, and cannot rely on family members or state institutions for social support?

A) social imbalance
B) social isolation
C) social stratification
D) economic inflation

Question 23

Which of the following conclusions logically follows from the fact that medieval doctors recommended exercise, a balanced diet, and a congenial environment as keys to good health?

A) It is easy to exaggerate the differences between medieval modern medical knowledge.
B) People have always known what is best.
C) Modern knowledge is not as good as medieval practices.
D) It is sometimes difficult to compare scientific knowledge from two different historical eras.

Question 24

Which of the following human health factors were impacted by the introduction of sour gas wells and logging operations around the reserves of the Lubicon Lake Nation in Alberta?

A) public health factors
B) human-environmental factors
C) religious factors
D) lifestyle factors

Question 25

Daria is fascinated and obsessed with death. She is determined to live as long as she possibly can. In which country should she live in order be among the people on earth with the highest life expectancy?

A) China
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) France

Question 26

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), which of the following terms is used for the ability to achieve one's potential and to respond positively to the challenges of the environment?

A) health
B) security
C) wealth
D) opportunity

Question 27

Which of the following countries had the highest life expectancy in 2009?

A) Japan
B) China
C) Canada
D) France

Question 28

Shannon is an emergency room doctor at a Vancouver hospital. What type of system is Shannon part of?

A) the government health and welfare system
B) the public health system
C) the emergency care system
D) the health care system

Question 29

The country with the world's lowest life expectancy is the African country of Lesotho. What is their life expectancy?

A) 56 years
B) 51 years
C) 45 years
D) 40 years

Question 30

Which of the following is identified in the textbook as one of the three social causes of illness and death?

A) exposure to infection
B) lifestyle factors
C) genetic predisposition
D) personality factors

Question 31

Social isolation affects one's chance of becoming ill and dying prematurely. What type of social cause of illness and death is this?

A) public health
B) human-environmental
C) health care system
D) lifestyle

Question 32

What is social isolation among the elderly most commonly associated with?

A) dementia
B) depression
C) ageism
D) the public health system

Question 33

Smoking cigarettes, using excessive amounts of alcohol and drugs, having a poor diet, and lacking exercise represent which kind of cause of illness and death?

A) human-environmental
B) public health
C) epidemiological
D) lifestyle

Question 34

Brian is a 75-year-old man whose wife has just died. According to the textbook, which of the following is he at a higher risk for experiencing?

A) an accident
B) suicide
C) social isolation
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 35

Stephen is a city planner whose expertise is working on various issues to do with upgrading the municipal water supply. What type of system is Stephen a part of?

A) the government health and welfare system
B) the civil health care system
C) the public health system
D) the health care system

Question 36

Rob is a 44-year-old executive. He is morbidly obese, smokes crack, and regularly abuses alcohol. He never exercises. Which of the social causes of illness and premature death is he likely to experience?

A) lifestyle factors
B) human-environmental factors
C) genetic factors
D) choice factors

Question 37

What do sociologists measure in order to better understand the health of a population?

A) average birth weight
B) gross caloric intake per thousand inhabitants
C) rates of illness and death
D) the human life span

Question 38

What do sociologists call the locating of hazardous waste sites and polluting industries near the poor, the politically marginalized, and certain minority groups?

A) social isolation
B) welfare dependency
C) environmental racism
D) private health issues

Question 39

According to the textbook, which of the following is most likely to have poor health due to environmental factors?

A) Jimmy, an Indigenous hunter from Fort Chipewyan, Alberta
B) Justin, a clerical worker in Vancouver, British Columbia
C) Maxine, a lawyer in Regina, Saskatchewan
D) Sharon, an online tutor living in rural Nova Scotia

Question 40

The national life expectancy is the life expectancy for a particular country. What is the current maximum national life expectancy?

A) 69 years
B) 77 years
C) 83 years
D) 89 years

Question 41

As people move down the social hierarchy, health deteriorates and death rates increase. Which of the following contributes to these specific disadvantages?

A) epidemiology
B) poor fetal development
C) gender inequality
D) caste qualities

Question 42

How do sociologists refer to the system that is composed of government-run programs that ensure access to clean drinking water, basic sewage and sanitation services, and inoculation against infectious diseases?

A) the health care system
B) the public health system
C) the medical care system
D) the government health and welfare system

Question 43

Miriam is happy to report at a conference that, in her country, only 1 child per 1000 dies before reaching one year of age. Which of the following nations does she live in?

A) India
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) the United States

Question 44

As people move down the social hierarchy, health deteriorates and death rates increase. Which of the following changes resulting from lower socioeconomic status is associated with these negative outcomes?

A) instability of the social gradient
B) increase in accidental deaths
C) decrease in the quality of prenatal care
D) alienation from the political power structure

Question 45

Biomedical advances have increased life expectancy, especially through vaccines against infectious diseases. The creation of which of the following systems has been even more important than biomedical advances in improving health and ensuring long life?

A) the health care system
B) the medical care system
C) the public health system
D) the government health and welfare system

Question 46

What percentage of North American adults is infected with HIV/AIDS?

A)0.1 percent
B)0.6 percent
C)1.8 percent
D)2.4 percent

Question 47

Which of the following is the term used for the network of a nation's clinics, hospitals, and other facilities for ensuring health and treating illness?

A) the public health system
B) the health care system
C) the government health and welfare system
D) the medical care system

Question 48

As people move down the social hierarchy, health deteriorates and death rates increase. Which of the following is also associated with a lower position on the social hierarchy?

A) increased reliance on prenatal care
B) higher levels of stress
C) more incidences of schizophrenia
D) lower IQ

Question 49

Lynette is 1 of 100 nurses who serve the population of her community of 10 000. Which of the following nations does she most likely live in?

A) India
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) the United States

Question 50

Which of the following is associated with high rates of tobacco and alcohol consumption?

A) high rates of AIDS infection
B) high rates of influenza
C) high rates of poverty
D) wealth

Question 51

According to the textbook, being poor in Canada is associated with which of the following?

A) low rates of tobacco consumption
B) increased physical activity
C) a lack of knowledge about healthy lifestyles
D) greater reliance on private medical services

Question 52

In Canada, despite the system of universal health care, which of the following continues to influence many aspects of health and illness?

A) spiritual beliefs
B) the AIDS attractor
C) life expectancy
D) socioeconomic status

Question 53

What is the term given to the annual number of deaths before the age of one year for every 1000 live births?

A) mortality
B) life expectancy
C) infant mortality
D) life span

Question 54

Joseph is the only doctor in his community of 10 000 people. Which of the following nations does he most likely live in?

A) India
B) Lesotho
C) Canada
D) the United States

Question 55

Sara's baby boy died when he was nine months old. What does his death contribute to in Canada?

A) the gross domestic population rate
B) the infant mortality rate
C) the prenatal death rate
D) the perinatal death rate

Question 56

What percentage of sub-Saharan Africa's adult population was infected with HIV/AIDS by 2011?

A)4.9 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 18 percent
D) 33 percent

Question 57

Where is spending on HIV/AIDS research and treatment concentrated?

A) sub-Saharan Africa
B) South America
C) Asia
D) North America and Western Europe

Question 58

For as long as she can remember, Brigid has wanted to work in a developing country. In high school she found out about Médecins Sans Frontières, a group of people who provide medical relief to people in war-torn countries. She is about to graduate from medical school, and has specialized in HIV/AIDS. If she wanted to work in the area of the world with the highest prevalence of that disease where would she go?

A) Caribbean
B) urban North America
C) sub-Saharan Africa
D) Southeast Asia

Question 59

Dr. Leclair works in a hospital. Which of the following terms do sociologists use to describe the system Dr. Leclair is part of?

A) the medical care system
B) the health care system
C) the public health system
D) the government health and welfare system

Question 60

Jackson is concerned because, on the reserve where he has just gotten a job as a community health nurse, twice as many babies die before the age of one year than in the general Canadian population. What he is concerned about?

A) the prenatal death rate
B) the perinatal death rate
C) the infant mortality rate
D) the community mortality rate

Question 61

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of the American health care system?

A) substantial private provision
B) government investment in health care for the poor
C) low prescription costs
D) higher wait times for surgery

Question 62

Why are prescription drug costs higher in the United States than in many other nations?

A) because of free market capitalism
B) because of government-sponsored drug companies
C) because of the large population in the United States
D) because American doctors tend to overprescribe medication

Question 63

As a result of his low education and inability to speak English or French, Frankie has unsteady employment, working mainly in low-wage jobs in toxic environments. Which of the following is he most likely to experience?

A) social apprehension
B) social exclusion
C) social division
D) social reduction

Question 64

Which of the following groups is most likely to encounter indifference or hostility while seeking medical care in Canada?

A) Sikhs
B) men
C) women
D) Jews

Question 65

Which of the following groups is most likely to report poor health in Canada?

A) Sikh Canadians
B) Japanese Canadians
C) Aboriginal Canadians
D) Chinese Canadians

Question 66

Johan is complaining to his brother about medical services in Canada? Which of the following is most likely to be his main complaint?

A) There is too much privatization of the system.
B) The wealthy are always treated first.
C) Wait times for service are too long.
D) Hospitals are not utilized to full capacity.

Question 67

Racial disparities in health status are due partly to economic differences between racial groups. What have American studies shown regarding blacks and whites at the same income level?

A) They have identical levels of health.
B) They have health levels that depend on diet.
C) They have different levels of health.
D) They have similar levels of health.

Question 68

According to the textbook, which one of the following have most Canadians identified as a problem with medical services in this country?

A) There is too much privatization.
B) Wait times are too long for non-emergency services.
C) The wealthy are treated first.
D) Hospitals are not fully utilized, with many of them nowhere near patient capacity.

Question 69

Which of the following best explains why, as people move down the social hierarchy, health deteriorates and death rates increase?

A) ethnic tensions
B) gender inequality among younger couples
C) a lack of knowledge about healthy lifestyles
D) lower IQ

Question 70

Which of the following wealthy countries' governments pays the highest percentage of that country's total health costs?

A) the United States
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) Sweden

Question 71

Bernadette had to go back three times to her specialist. He had prescribed a medication that the research he consulted recommended. She had recurring symptoms that she was sure were caused by the new medication, but her physician insisted that this was unlikely. According to the textbook, which of the following possible explanations is more likely because Bernadette is a woman rather than a man?

A) Women tend to be more sensitive to changes in medication.
B) The medication was tested primarily on men, so the associated risks are better understood in men.
C) Male doctors don't take women patients seriously, so they don't respond as quickly to their health complaints.
D) Women live longer on average and more prone to long term illness.

Question 72

In what year did the United States pass legislation to ensure that 95 percent of its population would be covered by health insurance?

A) 1991
B) 1999
C) 2005
D) 2010

Question 73

According to the textbook, in what way does the United States have an excellent health care system?

A) in how it treats people from marginalized groups
B) in that its system administration costs are so low
C) in that it costs no more than Canada's
D) in that anyone who can afford it gets great health care

Question 74

Tony is a professor. He tells his partner, Justin that he wants them to move from their nice neighbourhood near the university. There's a very big old house in a run-down part of town where the prices are very low, compared to real estate in the rest of the city. Justin, a sociologist, is horrified. He is very concerned that moving to that part of town would likely put their two young children at an increase health risk. Which of the following is most likely the factor that Justin is concerned about?

A) the higher chance of environmental exposure associated with poor neighbourhoods
B) the higher level of violence associated with poor neighbourhoods
C) the lower level of the quality of schools, leading to a lower level of knowledge of health care practices
D) the greater difficulty of access for medical services in urban areas

Question 75

Of the following, which is the best characterization of Canada's health care system?

A) a privatized system of care
B) good for the rich, bad for the poor
C) socialist medicine
D) socialized medicine

Question 76

Which of the following countries has the highest prescription drug costs?

A) Canada
B) the United States
C) Switzerland
D) France

Question 77

Which of the following historical figures is regarded as Canada's "father of medicare"?

A) Lester Pearson
B) David Lewis
C) Pierre Trudeau
D) Tommy Douglas

Question 78

Even among people who have the same access to medical resources, people of higher social rank and prestige tend to live healthier lives. Why is this?

A) People of higher social rank experience more activity.
B) People of higher social rank have more access to medical resources.
C) People of higher social rank experience less stress.
D) People of higher social rank are more valued by all social classes.

Question 79

Americans spend nearly twice as much per person on health care as Japan, and nearly 60 percent more than Canada, yet Americans are not as healthy as the Japanese or Canadians. Why is this?

A) The gap between rich and poor is greater in the United States.
B) America does not train enough doctors.
C) America has an inadequate health care system.
D) America has a shortage of nurses.

Question 80

Which of the following contributes to gender inequality in health and health care?

A) Women undergo more kidney transplants and cardiac procedures than men.
B) Women live longer than men and therefore experience less chronic illness.
C) Women are excluded from most medical research.
D) There is gender bias in medical treatment.