Deck 9: Families and Society

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT connected to the baby boom following World War II?

A)Black Americans gained access to subsidized mortgages and mass suburbanization.
B)Pregnancies delayed by years of war were finally coming to term.
C)Economic growth and technology led to greater comfort and convenience in the home.
D)The mother-as-homemaker-and-father-as-breadwinner model became widely associated with the era.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT characterize a functionalist perspective on the family?

A)The family serves a positive economic function.
B)The family is a site of continual conflict that disrupts social order.
C)The family is a site of socialization for young children.
D)Distinct gender roles in the family serve to keep society stable.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following groups is most likely to marry outside their race or ethnicity?

A)Whites
B)Hispanics
C)Asians
D)Blacks

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be considered a sociological definitions of marriage?

A)a relationship between two or more individuals that serves as a framework for economic,emotional,and sexual relations
B)a relationship defined as only being between one man and one woman
C)a relationship between two individuals that is legally legitimized
D)a culturally normative and recognized relationship between two people

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of Jessie Bernard's concept of his-and-her marriages?

A)Women are expected to define themselves as burdened and constrained.
B)Marriage allocates social roles in ways that liberate men and subjugate women.
C)Husband and wife experience similar marriages.
D)Men are expected to define themselves as fulfilled by marriage.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a macrolevel example of the microlevel devaluation of the feminine by boys,as outlined in Chodorow's work?

A)domination of the economic sphere by men
B)religious clergy being primarily made up of men
C)an employer hiring a male applicant with "leadership" experience over a female applicant with "cooperative" experience
D)the gender wage gap

Question 7

Women being relegated to homemakers while men obtain wealth,status,and independence is an example of which phenomenon?

A)cohabitation
B)personality stabilization
C)common-law marriage
D)sexual division of labor

Question 8

When two or more people live together and have a legally or normatively recognized relationship,this is an example of which of the following social institutions?

A)adoption
B)marriage
C)family
D)household

Question 9

In 2015,about what percentage of children lived in single-parent households?

A)27%
B)33%
C)12%
D)50%

Question 10

Families characterized by parents living with their biological children and apart from other kin are referred to as ______.

A)traditional
B)biological
C)nuclear
D)extended

Question 11

Which of the following is a feminist critique of marriage?

A)It gives men privileged access to the rewards of capitalism.
B)It ensures women are taken care of and protected.
C)Traditional gender roles promote a stable economy.
D)It provides purpose and meaning for women's lives.

Question 12

According to Talcott Parsons,which type of roles were created by the factory of personalities?

A)sick
B)autonomous
C)complementary
D)dysfunctional

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a social role commonly attributed to families?

A)care for children and the elderly
B)transmission of cultural values
C)units of economic consumption
D)mass production of goods and services

Question 14

Which of the following groups is more likely to live in extended families?

A)rural families
B)higher-income families
C)White families
D)nuclear families

Question 15

Marriages may be legitimized by which of the following?

A)legal authorities only
B)religious and legal authorities
C)religious authorities,legal authorities,and cultural norms
D)cultural norms only

Question 16

In preindustrial societies,which of the following marriage patterns was most common?

A)nuclear family
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)monogamy

Question 17

Personality stabilization is particularly important in which type of family?

A)nuclear
B)extended
C)traditional
D)Native American

Question 18

In postindustrial societies,serial monogamy describes which of the following?

A)marriage to more than one person
B)divorce and remarriage
C)extramarital affairs
D)marriage to only one person

Question 19

Antimiscegenation laws were aimed at promoting which type of marriage?

A)endogamous
B)heterosexual
C)monogamous
D)polygamous

Question 20

Which of the following groups is least likely to marry outside their own race or ethnicity?

A)Asians
B)Hispanics
C)Blacks
D)Whites

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true of domestic violence?

A)We do not have any reliable estimates of the prevalence of domestic violence.
B)Abused partners or children are reluctant to come forward.
C)Courts are hesitant to intervene in what are often perceived as family matters.
D)It was rarely studied until three or four decades ago.

Question 22

The broad discontent born of women's exclusion from the workplace and their lack of fulfillment in their roles as wives and mothers is referred to as what by Betty Friedan?

A)the feminine mystique
B)the problem that has no name
C)suburban housewife syndrome
D)tranquilization

Question 23

According to some studies,which of the following is NOT a characteristic of middle-class child-rearing styles,or concerted cultivation?

A)questioning of authority
B)inclination to care for children's academic needs
C)sense of entitlement
D)focus on obedience

Question 24

Middle-class parents who want to foster a future labor market advantage for their daughters enroll them in activities such as soccer and chess that promote a(n)______.

A)glass escalator effect
B)aggressive femininity
C)competitive kid capital
D)status quo femininity

Question 25

About what percentage of children lived in two-parent households in 2015?

A)55%
B)27%
C)89%
D)69%

Question 26

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of international families?

A)A Haitian woman emigrates to the United States for work while relying on her friends and family to perform child minding in her absence.
B)A Japanese couple moves to California for work and sends remittances back to their parents.
C)A married woman travels across the Canadian border each day for work.
D)A Sudanese American family makes regular Skype calls to their relatives who live back home.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an example of transnationalism?

A)immigrants sending money to relatives in their countries of origin
B)living,working,worshiping,and being politically active in one nation while still maintaining strong ties to other nations
C)new norms being readily embraced by immigrant parents
D)frequent travel between countries

Question 28

According to some studies,which of the following is characteristic of working-class or low-income child-rearing styles?

A)valuing initiative
B)teaching critical-thinking skills
C)directly nurturing development and learning
D)issuing directives rather than explanations

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT true of the Defense of Marriage Act?

A)It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996.
B)It forced states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.
C)It defined marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife.
D)Its language was used by many states that also rejected same-sex marriage.

Question 30

About what percentage of total U.S.households were made up of traditional nuclear families in 2013?

A)7%
B)10%
C)53%
D)65%

Question 31

Which of the following would NOT be considered a sociological explanation for increased divorce rates in the United States?

A)the advent of no-fault divorce laws
B)increased stigma about divorce
C)greater economic independence for women
D)increased protections for victims of domestic violence

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Native American families?

A)close family ties extending across multiple generations
B)high levels of caregiving for elderly relatives
C)higher value on the individual rather than the collective
D)high levels of caregiving by elderly relatives for young children

Question 33

Which of the following is true of marriage in the United States?

A)On average,women are older than men at their first marriage.
B)People are choosing to get married earlier in life.
C)The U.S.marriage rate exceeds that of most other modern societies.
D)Rates of marriage have increased.

Question 34

Which of the following do domestic partnerships provide?

A)federal benefits such as Social Security and survivors' benefits
B)a circumscribed spectrum of rights and benefits
C)legally recognized marriage
D)common-law marriage

Question 35

Eighty-five percent of deaf people choose to marry others who share their language and culture,thereby practicing ______.

A)endogamy
B)exogamy
C)homogamy
D)androgyny

Question 36

Which of the following is a reason why the U.S.divorce rate is persistently high?

A)increasing stigma related to divorce
B)women's declining economic independence
C)cultural emphasis on romantic love
D)no changes have been made to divorce laws

Question 37

A relationship in which partners live as if married but without marriage's formal legal framework is referred to as ______.

A)cohabitation
B)civil marriage
C)common-law marriage
D)a domestic partnership

Question 38

The increase in stay-at-home fathers from 10% in 1989 to 16% now is due to

A)changes in social or cultural norms that support more active fathering
B)labor market and health issues
C)the increasing number of women enrolled at universities
D)an increased desire in men for a more active caretaking role

Question 39

William Julius Wilson argued that the decline in marriage,as well as the increase in births to unmarried women,in the Black community were,in part,a result of

A)the declining numbers of "marriageable men" in inner-city neighborhoods
B)a holdover from slavery and a legacy of the intentional breakup of slave families
C)the declining significance of the Black church and its effect on families
D)the prison pipeline that incarcerates young Black men at a disproportionate rate

Question 40

About what percentage of people in the United States lived alone in 2013?

A)27%
B)33%
C)5%
D)10%

Question 41

Summarize the characteristics of his-and-her marriages.Include a discussion of the contradictions men and women often face in marriage and how this may contribute to social inequality.

Question 42

First-generation immigrant women typically have ______ birth rates compared to native-born U.S.women,whereas second-generation women typically have similar birth rates compared to native-born U.S.women.

Question 43

Student loan debt is one of the reasons young people are delaying marriage.

Question 44

Identify some recent trends in student loan debt.Discuss how rising levels of student loan debt are related to changes in the family.

Question 45

Use your sociological imagination to define and explain the phenomenon of serial monogamy in the United States.

Question 46

Use sociological terms and definitions to describe the structure,type,rearing style,and culture of your family.

Question 47

Talcott Parsons argued that distinct sex roles clarified the social status of the family by being derived from the male's social position.

Question 48

In the United States,extended families are more common in lower-income households,in rural areas,and among recent migrants and minorities.

Question 49

One explanation for why married couples "match up" in terms of their race,ethnicity,religion,or class is because their "marriage markets," such as college or places of worship,are relatively homogenous.

Question 50

According to Nancy Chodorow,______ in boys may thus develop,in part,as a nonfemininity because of early childhood rejection by the mother.

Question 51

An estimated ______% of deaf people marry others who share their own language and culture.

Question 52

The shift from agricultural to industrial economies has made the family's economic purpose more central than its reproductive and socializing functions.

Question 53

According to Bernard's analysis,married women and unmarried men scored highest on ______ indicators,whereas unmarried women and married men scored lowest.

Question 54

Antimiscegenation laws,ruled unconstitutional in 1967,sought to limit marriage to only people of the same race.

Question 55

Both marriage and divorce rates in the United States are on the ______.

Question 56

According to Nancy Chodorow,women are socialized to be ______,seeking close bonds and defining themselves through relationships.

Question 57

One explanation for high ______ rates in the United States is our dominant culture,which places a high value on romantic love.

Question 58

In most preindustrial cultures,polyandry was far more common than polygyny.

Question 59

Extended families are more common in Canada,Australia,and Western Europe,whereas nuclear families are more common in Eastern Europe,Africa,and Central America.

Question 60

Talcott Parsons posited that women are socialized into ______ roles as mothers and wives while men are socialized into instrumental roles as breadwinners in the public sphere.

Question 61

Discuss how the family,as an institution,has evolved and transformed as modern societies have shifted from agricultural to industrial and beyond to postindustrial economies.

Question 62

Discuss the political and social trends related to the legalization of same-sex marriages.Use a feminist analysis to provide some explanation for resistance to these trends.

Question 63

Distinguish between international families and families that embody transnationalism.Provide an example of each.

Question 64

Discuss how childcare patterns have shifted in recent decades.Hypothesize about what effect this may have on the socialization of children.

Question 65

Describe recent changes in the composition of U.S.families.Be as specific as possible.Discuss how you have witnessed these changes in your own experience.

Question 66

Compare and contrast middle-class and working-class parenting styles.Discuss how these parenting styles socialize children for the U.S.economic system and labor market.

Question 67

Describe deaf culture in the United States,and highlight a few challenges deaf families face.

Question 68

Provide characteristics of Native American families.

Question 69

Discuss how globalization has had an effect on family structure and caregiving in the United States.

Question 70

Sociologist Nancy Chodorow asked the question,"Why do women mother?" Describe the process by which women choose to "mother," and men choose to "not mother," according to Chodorow.

Question 71

Unmarried women and married men score lowest on stress indicators while married women and unmarried men score highest.Apply a conflict-oriented or feminist perspective to explain these differences.

Question 72

What are the costs and benefits to women and families of a global labor market for care work?

Question 73

Apply a conflict-oriented and/or feminist perspective to the nuclear family.Discuss why the American idealization of the nuclear family may be problematic.

Question 74

Apply a functionalist,conflict-oriented,and feminist analysis to explain why both marriage and divorce rates are on a slow decline.

Question 75

Explain Talcott Parsons's theory about sex roles in the American kinship system.Consider the extent to which his theory holds true today.Include a brief discussion of how it has been critiqued.

Question 76

Use your sociological imagination to explain why most marriages tend to be endogamous.

Question 77

Propose a research study that examines domestic or family violence.Include discussion of how you would frame your research question and what theory or theories you would use,select an appropriate research methodology,weigh any ethical implications,and discuss any challenges or threats to data collection,reliability,or validity that may arise.

Question 78

Discuss the relationships between the family,the economy,and race and ethnicity.

Question 79

Discuss the effect globalization has had on family structures in the United States and abroad.

Question 80

Compare and contrast the characteristics of nuclear versus extended families.Discuss how these categorizations may be rigid and not all encompassing,and provide a few examples.