Deck 6: Global Inequality and Poverty

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of high-income countries?

A)presence of mass education
B)highly urbanized
C)technologically advanced
D)high fertility rate

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of good health?

A)adequate food
B)sufficient calories
C)good nutrition
D)access to chain restaurants

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of low-income countries?

A)economies mostly based on agriculture
B)rapidly growing populations
C)well-instituted mass education
D)urban dwellers struggle with hunger and nutrition

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In 2014,the most developed countries had an infant mortality rate of ______ per 1,000 live births.

A)36
B)10
C)5
D)1.6

Question 5

Which of the following is true of hunger and undernourishment?

A)Undernourished includes about 5% of the population of developing states.
B)Rapid economic growth often comes with increased access to adequate food supplies.
C)Hunger has decreased rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa.
D)Many of those who lack sufficient food have the economic resources to acquire it.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a country with a high-income economy?

A)Japan
B)the United States
C)Iraq
D)Estonia

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of middle-income countries?

A)home to vast natural resources
B)very little diversification and development
C)include former Soviet countries,such as Armenia and Belarus,and South and Central American states,such as Brazil and Belize
D)comprise over 70% of the world's population

Question 8

The average number of children a woman in a given country will have in her lifetime if age-specific fertility rates hold throughout her childbearing years is known as the ______.

A)age-specific fertility rate
B)age-specific infant birth rate
C)total fertility rate
D)total infant birth rate

Question 9

The systematic disparities in income,wealth,health,education,access to technology,opportunity,and power between countries,communities,and households around the world are known as ______.

A)systemic inequality
B)global inequality
C)globalized inequity
D)the global life gap

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that mobile technology is affecting the developing world?

A)Mobile phone are affecting literacy across the globe in that people are reading books and news on their phones.
B)Mobile phones aid farmers in market decision making with apps containing weather information and market prices.
C)Mobile phones help people in developing countries keep track of their fitness levels as a tool in losing weight.
D)Mobile phones aid in social activism as citizens mobilize against crime,corruption,and violence.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of infant mortality rates?

A)higher in more developed countries than in less developed countries
B)increased in countries where women are better educated
C)not affected by access to food and nutrition
D)lower in places with more sanitary childbirth facilities

Question 12

In 2014,the less developed countries had an infant mortality rate of ______ per 1,000 live births.

A)44
B)23
C)4.5
D)1.6

Question 13

People in India and China are more likely to have ______ than access to toilets in their homes.

A)a car
B)potable water
C)a cell phone
D)a computer

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of infant mortality rates?

A)They are lowest in countries that offer access to safe pre- and antenatal care.
B)They give us insight into the health status of populations.
C)They are the number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births per year.
D)Countries with highly equal distribution of income have highly unequal infant mortality rates.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a way education has been shown to improve the lives of communities and families?

A)a year of school can equal a 10% boost in income
B)knowledge of more effective and efficient farming methods
C)decreased risk of child mortality
D)greater religiosity

Question 16

About what proportion of fully illiterate adults are women?

A)two thirds
B)one half
C)three fourths
D)one third

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of gross national income-purchasing power parity per capita (GNI-PPP)?

A)It tells us about the resources of individual families in a given country.
B)It gives us some insight into economic resources available to the state and society from a macro perspective.
C)It offers a comparative measure for looking at stratification in the global system.
D)It uses international dollars to indicate the number of goods and services someone could buy in the United States with a given amount of money.

Question 18

In 2014,the least developed countries had an infant mortality rate of ______ per 1,000 live births.

A)6
B)44
C)23
D)62

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a country with a low-income economy?

A)China
B)Cambodia
C)Somalia
D)Bangladesh

Question 20

The concept of poverty that puts economic disadvantage in a comparative frame is known as ______.

A)human poverty
B)absolute poverty
C)human deprivation
D)relative deprivation

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of dependency theory?

A)Present-day exploitation originated in colonial relationships.
B)Affluent countries encourage and support industrial,technological,and economic development in poorer countries.
C)Prices on the global market for human and natural resources held by poor states are intentionally kept low to benefit high-income states.
D)Multinational corporations reap profits from the cheap labor and raw materials of poor countries.

Question 22

Which of the following would NOT be considered part of the global elite?

A)large corporate executives
B)mass-media moguls
C)locally elected officials
D)top military commanders

Question 23

In Uttar Pradesh,India's largest state,about 64% of Indians have no indoor plumbing.

Question 24

Which of the following is considered a hindrance to development in modernization theory?

A)high living standards
B)technology
C)market-oriented perspectives
D)traditional values

Question 25

According to Zygmunt Bauman,the "losers" of modernity are those who

A)are rooted in place and denied geographic and economic mobility
B)are enabled by education,economic resources,and social networks
C)have the means to seek out both personal pleasures and professional opportunities globally
D)are enabled by transportation and communication technologies

Question 26

According to world systems theory,what countries are economically advanced,technologically sophisticated,and well educated?

A)central
B)peripheral
C)semiperipheral
D)core

Question 27

Which of the following would be considered a core country?

A)Japan
B)South Korea
C)China
D)Brazil

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Sklair's understanding of the global elite?

A)hail from similar national backgrounds
B)share similar consumer lifestyle choices
C)share global interests and viewpoints
D)seek to exercise control or influence over key political,economic,and cultural-ideological processes on a global level

Question 29

According to world systems theory,what countries have low national incomes and low levels of technological and industrial development?

A)central
B)peripheral
C)semiperipheral
D)core

Question 30

Which of the following is true of the wealthy global elite?

A)composed largely of working professionals who have made their fortunes rather than inherited them
B)includes the "commonplace rich" in addition to the "superrich"
C)made their fortunes in banking and finance
D)all come from developed areas such as the United States and Northern Europe

Question 31

Countries that are exploited for their cheap labor and raw materials by wealthy countries are referred to as ______.

A)peripheral countries
B)core countries
C)semiperipheral countries
D)modernizing countries

Question 32

Many of the 124 million adolescents and children not in school globally are unlikely to ever attend.

Question 33

Which theory would most likely point to rampant corruption in Nigeria to explain its devastating poverty despite vast oil wealth?

A)conflict theory
B)dependency theory
C)world systems theory
D)modernization theory

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT one of the fractions of the transnational capitalist class,as outlined by Leslie Sklair?

A)state
B)corporate
C)technical
D)environmental

Question 35

Nearly half of the world's wealth is owned by what percentage of the globe's population?

A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)20%

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a peripheral country?

A)dependence on agriculture
B)high rates of female literacy
C)low national incomes
D)low levels of technological development

Question 37

Which of the following would be considered a semiperipheral country?

A)United States
B)India
C)Nigeria
D)Britain

Question 38

What term did Zygmunt Bauman use to describe those who move across the globe as refugees or poor economic migrants,unable to live in their own countries and unwanted elsewhere?

A)tourists
B)vagabonds
C)global drifters
D)international nomads

Question 39

The rise of the modern global elite has led to a decline in the significance of what?

A)mass media
B)transportation and communication technology
C)nations and borders
D)plutocrats

Question 40

The idea that poverty of some countries is a consequence of their exploitation by wealthy,capitalist states is known as ______.

A)world systems theory
B)dependency theory
C)modernization theory
D)resource mobilization theory

Question 41

The world's average GNI-PPP is about $______.

Question 42

In sub-Saharan Africa,more than half of girls have completed primary education.

Question 43

About 15% of the earth's inhabitants live on less than $2 a day.

Question 44

Zygmunt Bauman has written on what he describes as a ______ war,where modern citizens vie for a relationship to physical spaces and places,including countries.

Question 45

Countries like Nigeria and India have a higher GNI-PPP than more developed countries like Germany and Japan.

Question 46

Global health indicators,such as infant and child mortality rates,are linked not only to income differences between countries but also to income stratification within countries.Explain what is meant by this statement.How might infant and child mortality rates be stratified in the United States?

Question 47

About ______% of the globe's inhabitants live on the equivalent of less than $2 a day.

Question 48

How is global inequality perpetuated,according to dependency and world systems theory? Include some discussion of historical legacy.

Question 49

The world has the capacity to produce enough food for all of its inhabitants.

Question 50

About 250 million children are without basic literacy and numeracy skills,although about half had completed at least four years of school.

Question 51

By one estimate,______% of all children under 5 are stunted;that is,their growth progression is impaired by lack of access to adequate nutrition.

Question 52

Discuss the debate over measuring poverty.Identify a few of the ways global poverty is measured and why these might produce different numbers.

Question 53

Most of the wealth of the world's global elite has grown due to a rising ______ market and increases in asset prices rather than from newly created businesses.

Question 54

The majority of the world's population lives in ______-income countries.

Question 55

______ theory assumes that poverty has been the norm in historical states.

Question 56

In India,people are less likely to have a cell phone than an indoor drinking source.

Question 57

Most ______-income countries have rapidly growing populations.

Question 58

Discuss a few of the factors that lead to low educational levels in a country.

Question 59

Low-income countries do not have wealthy groups of elites,but they do have stable middle-class populations.

Question 60

Explain what GNI-PPP is and how it is used.What other measures could be used to measure global economic inequality?

Question 61

Compare and contrast modernization theory,dependency theory,and world systems theory.Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each theory.

Question 62

Identify and explain three major sociological factors that might explain differences in fertility rates.

Question 63

Apply a feminist conflict-oriented approach to the issue of sanitation and violence.

Question 64

Explain Leslie Sklair's conceptualization of the transnational capitalist class and how the existence of this class will perpetuate global inequality.

Question 65

Explain the key differences between core,peripheral,and semiperipheral countries,as outlined in world systems theory.Include a discussion of the relationships and integration among these three types.

Question 66

How do states become "modern"-that is,economically and technologically developed and responsively governed? What is problematic about the use of "modern" as a standard?

Question 67

Use a conflict-oriented approach to explain why some regions have greater access to mobile technology than to clean drinking water and indoor plumbing.

Question 68

How does modernization theory reflect an ethnocentric point of view?

Question 69

Propose a research study that examines the connection between armed conflict and global inequality.Identify the research topic,include discussion of how you would frame your research question and what theory or theories you would use,select an appropriate research methodology,weigh any ethical implications,and discuss any challenges or threats to data collection,reliability,or validity that may arise.

Question 70

Outline the four stages a country may go through according to modernization theory.

Question 71

Provide characteristics of the global elite,and discuss their relationship to wealth,power,and influence.

Question 72

Discuss the global concentration of wealth.Include a description of the global elite,easily monetized wealth,and the plutocrats.

Question 73

Explain how,according to dependency theory,early colonial relationships between different countries have resulted in the continued exploitation of countries today.Illustrate your explanation with an example.

Question 74

Explain the difference between a tourist and a vagabond,as outlined by Zygmunt Bauman.

Question 75

Explain the relationship between gender equality and various measures of global inequality.That is,how is addressing the rights of women and their equal access to education,technology,work,and control of their bodies tied to the overall health of a particular country or society?

Question 76

Distinguish between low-income,lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income,and high-income countries.From the list provided,choose one country from each category to use as an example,and describe the characteristics of countries at that income level.(Provide a list. )

Question 77

Restate how modernization theory,dependency theory,and world systems theory can be applied to a developing state like Nigeria.

Question 78

Some social scientists expose the way technology has made us more isolated and less social,whereas others highlight how it has made us ever more connected.Present an argument for the latter,including a reflection on globalization.

Question 79

Analyze the relationship between education and technology and global inequality.How can technology and education help reduce inequality?