Deck 14: Health and Medicine

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT included as part of the 2010 Affordable Care Act?

A)All Americans are required to purchase health insurance or pay a tax.
B)The use of preexisting conditions to deny coverage was banned.
C)Young people are permitted to remain on their parent's health insurance plan up to the age of 26.
D)A government-run health insurance program was made available to everyone.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Out of all the gun deaths in 23 industrialized countries,about what percentage occurred in the United States?

A)24%
B)66%
C)80%
D)43%

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is true of health insurance in the United States?

A)Most adults get health insurance coverage from the government.
B)Most adults get health insurance coverage from their employers.
C)The majority of adults do not have health insurance coverage.
D)The majority of adults are enrolled in self-coverage health insurance.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT associated with higher levels of poverty?

A)more likely to perceive themselves as being in good health
B)exposure to highest levels of air pollution
C)greater likelihood of developing chronic illness
D)more likely to engage in work that is physically demanding or hazardous

Question 5

Which of the following is true of infant mortality in the United States?

A)The rate for African American babies is consistently twice as high as it is for White babies.
B)The rate is lower than in similarly developed countries.
C)The rate is lower for young teenage mothers.
D)There is no relationship between social class and infant mortality.

Question 6

Activities intended to sustain,promote,and enhance health are referred to as ______.

A)health care
B)well-being
C)preventative medicine
D)exercise

Question 7

Which of the following illnesses is least likely to be socially constructed as a disease?

A)drug addiction
B)cancer
C)diabetes
D)lupus

Question 8

The federal health insurance program for all people age 65 and older,regardless of income or medical history,is called ______.

A)Medicaid
B)Medicare
C)Social Security health care
D)elderly insurance

Question 9

Which of the following groups has the highest life expectancy?

A)White women
B)African American men
C)African American women
D)White men

Question 10

Which of the following is seen as a unique threat to public safety in the United States compared with other modern countries?

A)unsafe workplace environments
B)unsanitary food
C)violence
D)accidents

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT associated with poorer health outcomes?

A)lower levels of education
B)living in a poor or majority Black neighborhood
C)postponing having children until late 20s or 30s
D)having a parent who smokes

Question 12

Which of the following is the number-one cause of preventable death in the United States?

A)obesity
B)homicide
C)tobacco
D)AIDS

Question 13

An institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of illness is known as ______.

A)health
B)health care
C)medicine
D)public medicine

Question 14

Which of the following countries spends the most per capita on health care?

A)Norway
B)Switzerland
C)Japan
D)the United States

Question 15

Which of the following best represents the sociological definition of health?

A)the extent to which a person experiences a state of mental,physical,and social well-being
B)access to medical care
C)the extent to which a person is free from illness or able to perform day-to-day tasks
D)an institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of illness

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of the sick role?

A)Mental illness is consistently accepted across time and space as legitimate.
B)Doctor and patient both perform their roles on a social stage.
C)Patients are not obligated to try to get well.
D)The sick person does not have the right to be excused from her or his social responsibilities.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sick role in the United States?

A)The sick person is not expected to fulfill all social responsibilities.
B)There is no pressure for the person to get better.
C)The sick role differs depending on the illness.
D)The sick person is expected to seek professional help.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the Obama Administration's Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

A)Insurance companies can now deny coverage to people with preexisting conditions.
B)It has been widely accepted by both major political parties.
C)It makes coverage less accessible.
D)The purchasing mandate already started to roll into place as of 2014.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT seen as a public health issue in the United States today?

A)polio
B)smoking
C)obesity
D)teen pregnancy

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT considered a part of health care?

A)promotion of policies that minimize accidents
B)policies that promote a clean,nontoxic environment
C)availability of clean water and fresh air
D)deregulation of companies that produce toxins

Question 21

Which of the following racial or ethnic groups has the highest rate of people who smoke?

A)African Americans
B)American Indians
C)Whites
D)Asians

Question 22

About ______ of Chinese men smoke.

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
C)80%

Question 23

What is the definition of morbidity?

A)the rate of death
B)the rate of illness
C)the rate of incidence of physical ailments
D)the number of people who seek medical attention in a given period of time

Question 24

Which of the following is true of federal food subsidies?

A)Less than one third of 1% support the growing of vegetables and fruits.
B)The U.S.Congress subsidizes more of the production of foods that contribute to healthy eating and nutrition than those that contribute to obesity.
C)About 25% of subsidies go to meat and dairy.
D)The fast-food industry does not benefit from federal food subsidies.

Question 25

Which strategy has contributed the most toward eradicating polio?

A)education
B)vaccination
C)patent rights
D)migration

Question 26

Which of the following food categories receives the most federal subsidies?

A)fruits and vegetables
B)meats and dairy
C)sugar
D)alcohol

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for why HIV rates are significantly higher for those who are incarcerated compared with the noninstitutionalized population?

A)People who are incarcerated are often victims of sexual violence.
B)Males are involved in consensual sexual activity.
C)Drug users in prison may share unsterilized needles.
D)People in prison cannot be tested for HIV.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of chronic disease in low- and middle-income countries?

A)It is responsible for the vast majority of deaths.
B)Obesity and smoking rates are increasing.
C)It is a growing threat in developing countries.
D)It has received the most funding and attention of any disease type.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of obesity?

A)Rates do not vary much by gender and ethnicity.
B)Over 50% of adults between the ages of 20 and 74 are obese.
C)Childhood obesity is on the decline.
D)It is the second major cause of mortality in the United States.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for high rates of HIV/AIDS among the poor?

A)Poor women are vulnerable to the ravages of HIV/AIDS.
B)Some may sell their blood for money under unsafe and unsterile conditions.
C)Sex workers are often victims of trafficking and are unable to demand safe sex.
D)Safe-sex programs are widely accessible and provide plenty of free materials,but the poor don't want to use them.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT associated with teenage pregnancy?

A)more pregnancy complications
B)more stillborn or low-weight infants
C)lower rates of poverty
D)higher high school dropout rates

Question 32

Which of the following is true about pregnancy and births among teenagers?

A)The rate of teenage girls giving birth has gone up compared with the 1990s.
B)The United States has lower rates of teen motherhood than other economically advanced countries.
C)Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of teen pregnancy.
D)Poor young mothers have a high degree of agency.

Question 33

Which illness of the 14th century came to Europe by way of Asia and eliminated a third of the European population in only 20 years?

A)swine flu
B)malaria
C)bubonic plague
D)HIV/AIDS

Question 34

Which of the following is true of smoking and tobacco usage?

A)Tobacco is the number-one cause of preventable disease and death in the United States.
B)About 20% of men and 35% of women who die of lung cancer are smokers.
C)The smoking rate in the United States was on the rise between 2000 and 2005 but has since stalled at about 35%.
D)Older men are the fastest-growing population of new smokers.

Question 35

What is the definition of mortality?

A)the rate of death
B)the rate of illness
C)the number of deaths per year
D)the number of accidental deaths per year

Question 36

Globally,______ of new HIV/AIDS infections are diagnosed among women.

A)10%
B)15%
C)25%
D)50%

Question 37

Which of the following racial groups has the highest incidence of HIV/AIDS in the United States?

A)Asians
B)Whites
C)African Americans
D)Hispanics/Latinos

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a symbolic interactionist perspective of smoking?

A)male smoking in ads associated with independence,ruggedness,and machismo
B)often represented to young people as being cool,rebellious,or mature
C)a cigarette is nothing more than tobacco rolled in paper
D)female smoking in ads associated with images that are elegant,chic,and playful or carefree

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for recent declines in the rate of births among teenage women?

A)increasing use of condoms
B)increasing rates of abortion
C)decreasing levels of premarital sexual activity
D)fear of sexually transmitted infections

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT associated with obesity?

A)experience of social ostracism
B)less risk of diabetes
C)poverty is linked to obesity
D)health problems

Question 41

Like alcoholism,most people recognize drug addiction as a disease,and prevailing policies favor rehabilitation over criminalization.

Question 42

Adults with income ______ than $35,000 are most likely to report fair or poor health status.

Question 43

What role has the U.S.government played in increasing rates of obesity?

Question 44

The ______ perspective points out that obesity enriches the fast-food and weight loss industries.

Question 45

The Black Death eliminated a third of the European population within 20 years.

Question 46

Homicide is the leading cause of death among young African American males.

Question 47

"Telehealth" is only available to those living in remote areas of the U.S.

Question 48

In some states,women who give birth to babies who test positive for drugs can be criminally charged.

Question 49

Discuss the findings of Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas in their study of poor young women who chose to become unwed mothers.Include a critique of the stigmatization of teenage motherhood and how a "good mother" is defined.

Question 50

Compared with most other modern countries,the United States experiences less violence.

Question 51

Medicaid is a ______ federal and state insurance program.

Question 52

In 2010,the U.S.Census Bureau reported that over ______% of people in the United States were without health care insurance.

Question 53

Only about 40% of women who become mothers before the age of 18 earn a high school diploma,and fewer than ______% earn a college degree by age 30.

Question 54

Recall an experience you have had with the U.S.health care system.Examine how this experience was shaped by your socioeconomic status,insurance coverage status,age,and gender.

Question 55

The smoking rate in the United States is about ______%,meaning there are more than 40 million smokers.

Question 56

Adults with income of $100,000 or more are most likely to report excellent or very good ______ status.

Question 57

The sick role for people suffering from mental illnesses is often very different from those suffering from a chronic physical ailment.

Question 58

One in three adolescent females reported being physically and/or sexually abused by a dating partner.

Question 59

Identify and describe a public health issue not mentioned in the text,and discuss a few of the ways public health professionals have sought to address it.

Question 60

Since 2000,there has been a 35% ______ in new infections of HIV/AIDS.

Question 61

Explore how globalization has had an effect on rates of both viral or epidemic disease,as well as chronic disease.

Question 62

Explore how drug and alcohol addiction is socially constructed as an illness and how this varies greatly by race and class.Include specific examples.

Question 63

Explain how an illness can be socially constructed and perpetuate social inequality using the example of obesity.

Question 64

Throughout history and up until this very day,the White American medical establishment has benefited from the exploitation of the bodies of people of color.Identify two examples,whether historical or current.Use a conflict-oriented analysis to explain why this exploitation persists.

Question 65

Propose a research study that examines public opinions about mental illness.Identify the research topic,include discussion of how you would frame your research question and what theory or theories you would use,select an appropriate research methodology,weigh any ethical implications,and discuss any challenges or threats to data collection,reliability,or validity that may arise.

Question 66

Provide definitions and make distinctions between health,medicine,preventative medicine,and health care.

Question 67

Present the arguments for and against the Obama administration's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA).

Question 68

Explain what is meant by a sick role.Provide an example of how a physically ill person might perform his or her sick role.How might the sick role differ for those who are mentally ill?

Question 69

Identify and evaluate four ways an individual might potentially access health care coverage in the United States.

Question 70

Discuss the relationships between poverty,malnutrition,and obesity.Include a sociological explanation of why the poor often have worse nutrition and how this is linked to obesity.Be sure to include macrolevel explanations.

Question 71

Apply a symbolic interactionist perspective to analyze cigarette advertising.

Question 72

Apply a conflict-oriented perspective to examine the prevalence of HIV/AIDS.

Question 73

Provide definitions of morbidity and mortality,and identify two ways rates of each can be reduced.

Question 74

Discuss why teen pregnancy is considered a public health issue,and cite specific statistics and/or research findings.

Question 75

Examine how technology has expanded access to health care globally.

Question 76

Over the past few years,there has been a push for the decriminalization and legalization of marijuana,with several states already adopting laws in favor.Examine both sides of this phenomenon from a public health perspective,and include a discussion of the social construction of marijuana as a health issue (or solution).

Question 77

Describe how the U.S.government harms health in the United States,including examples of programs and policies that result in negative health outcomes.

Question 78

Describe how the U.S.government provides health care in the United States,including examples of programs and policies that serve to sustain,promote,and enhance health.

Question 79

Use the conflict perspective to discuss how health outcomes may vary by race,class,and gender.

Question 80

Identify three components of an obesogenic environment.