Deck 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death

Question 1

Over time, what has happened to people's height within nations like Japan and Norway and in North America?

A) People have gotten dramatically shorter.
B) People have gotten a little shorter.
C) People's heights have remained about the same.
D) People have gotten taller.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is revealed about the textbook's authors in their assertion that dying and death are the ultimate social problems?

A) their fear of death
B) their lack of knowledge about the processes of dying
C) their denial of death as liberating
D) their cultural biases

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following negatively impacts women regarding annual income, education level, likelihood of marriage, and likelihood of poverty?

A) being overweight
B) being underweight
C) being shorter than most women
D) being taller than most women

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What does BMI stand for?

A) body model information
B) basic mass inventory
C) body mass index
D) build massiveness indicator

Question 5

In the TV show Nip/Tuck, plastic surgeons ask prospective patients to disclose what they do not like about themselves. Why is this line of questioning sociologically significant?

A) because it forces the realization that people who opt for plastic surgery do not like how they look
B) because doctors are normally trained to ask questions that are worded more positively
C) because the question implies that our bodily representations are who we are
D) because it assumes that all people are dissatisfied with their bodies

Question 6

What do we call the type of impairment that keeps a person from being able to perform within the range of "normal" human activity?

A) impediment
B) disability
C) injury
D) immobilization

Question 7

In 2014, who was most likely to be overweight?

A) James, from the United States
B) Patricia, from the United States
C) Tony, from Canada
D) Yolanda, from Canada

Question 8

Which of the following countries has the lowest percentage of overweight people in the adult population?

A) United States
B) Sweden
C) Japan
D) Canada

Question 9

Based on the research reported in the textbook, which of the following people of equal height is considered "taller"?

A) the restaurant busboy
B) the firefighter
C) the office manager
D) the theatre ticket taker

Question 10

In a very poor nation, which of the following body types is likely to have the highest status?

A) the shortest
B) the tallest
C) the thinnest
D) the fattest

Question 11

How would Venus, as created in antique sculpture and paintings, be considered by most Canadians today?

A) underweight
B) overweight
C) too feminine
D) too masculine

Question 12

Which of the following countries has the greatest percentage of adults who are overweight?

A) Canada
B) United States
C) Sweden
D) Japan

Question 13

According to the textbook, why is the body a sociological wonder?

A) because it is a reflection of who people are inside
B) because different aspects of our physicality mean different things in different places in different times
C) because it is the main way in which humans in all cultures perceive and comprehend the world around them
D) because it is the key filter through which humans make sense of the social world

Question 14

How do the women painted in the seventeenth century by the famous artist Peter Paul Rubens compare with today's ideal standards of beauty?

A) They were taller then than today's ideal.
B) They were shorter then than today's ideal.
C) They were more flat-chested then than today's ideal.
D) They were fatter then than today's ideal.

Question 15

According to the textbook, which of the following is a common reason why a woman would hate herself for being slightly overweight?

A) because she believes that how she looks is a reflection of who she is as a person
B) because she believes that others will fail to see her worth based on her appearance
C) because she is stereotyped as lazy, despite being very strong and athletic
D) because she is unable to get satisfying work in a field that interests her

Question 16

Which of the following people would be considered disabled today?

A) Damien, who is left handed
B) Jason, who has one leg slightly shorter than the other
C) Dorothy, who is blind
D) Hasita, who has birthmark covering half of her face

Question 17

Based on research discussed in the textbook, who will have the greatest income?

A) Lewis, who is a 5'11" immigrant lawyer
B) Taylor, who is a 6'5" black lawyer
C) Athena, who is a 5'9" white lawyer
D) Sage, who is a 6'0" black lawyer

Question 18

In what year did the American Medical Association establish lack of brain function as the new standard for death?

A) 1950
B) 1958
C) 1960
D) 1968

Question 19

What term is used to denote the practice of shaping one's body in order to meet societal definitions of health and beauty, all the while expressing one's identity?

A) body art
B) body augmentation
C) body design
D) body project

Question 20

Why does higher income translate to more height in populations?

A) because people can afford to buy devices that make them appear taller
B) because people can afford to buy drugs that include growth hormones
C) because expensive modern-day food has steroids and growth hormones in it
D) because people can afford to buy food with better nutritional properties

Question 21

Building a restaurant with narrow doors into the washrooms is an example of which of the following?

A) disability
B) prejudice
C) ableism
D) normalization

Question 22

Robert and Lynette met on a popular dating site, where she kept the fact that she was deaf from him. After four months of very intimate computer interactions, they agreed to meet in person. When they met for coffee, Lynette could tell that he was horrified, despite how emotionally close they had gotten. She never heard from him again. What did Robert exemplify by his actions?

A) ableism
B) disableism
C) disability reaction
D) reaction formation

Question 23

According to the textbook, which country has the highest percentage of seniors in its population?

A) Japan
B) Germany
C) Canada
D) Italy

Question 24

According to the textbook, what percentage of Canadian seniors live in health care facilities or senior citizens' residences?

A) fewer than 8 percent
B) approximately 11 percent
C) nearly 14 percent
D) more than 17 percent

Question 25

If the environment turns impairments into disabilities, which of the following is most likely to occur over the next two decades?

A) The number of people with disabilities will decrease considerably.
B) The number of people with disabilities will increase significantly.
C) The number of people with disabilities will remain stable.
D) The number of people with disabilities will become irrelevant.

Question 26

The provision of sheltered workshops for people with varying mental impairments to work in was one result of which of the following movements?

A) eugenics
B) rehabilitation
C) normalization
D) intervention

Question 27

What does the example of menopause discussed in the textbook illustrate?

A) The significance of various life stages is biologically based and innate.
B) The significance of various life stages is socially constructed.
C) Various life stages are negative for everyone.
D) Various life stages are positive for everyone.

Question 28

When did forced sterilizations of Aboriginal women in Canada occur?

A) 1880s-1920s
B) 1900s-1940s
C) 1910s-1950s
D) 1920s-1970s

Question 29

What is ageism?

A) the belief that age is associated with certain psychological, behavioural, and intellectual traits
B) the belief that youth should respect their elders
C) the rejection of authority based on age
D) the widespread cultural fear of aging and death

Question 30

According to the textbook, people with disabilities participated little in efforts to improve the conditions they lived within until which decade?

A) the 1920s
B) the 1940s
C) the 1960s
D) the 1980s

Question 31

Marcus has joined a group that is calling for individuals who are tested and found to be mentally deficient to have vasectomies or hysterectomies. What is Marcus in favour of?

A) eugenics
B) planned parenthood
C) proactive population control
D) designer babies

Question 32

The integration of children with special needs into regular child-care settings was one result of which of the following movements?

A) segregation
B) rehabilitation
C) differentiation
D) intervention

Question 33

What is the most important thing that an age pyramid can show us about Canada?

A) mortality issues
B) morbidity information
C) where government spending is needed
D) regional distributions of various age groups

Question 34

What is demonstrated when architecture and urban planning do not provide access for people in scooters and wheelchairs to get around?

A) neglect
B) active prejudice
C) individual discrimination
D) ideological ableism

Question 35

Refusing treatment for something such as deafness or "hard of hearing" is based upon which of the following ideas?

A) disability as deviance
B) disability as a rite of passage
C) disability as difference
D) disability as rehabilitation

Question 36

Sasha is uncomfortable around Rick because he has been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, so she refuses to work with him in class and then makes fun of him to other children at recess. What is Sasha engaged in?

A) disability dysphoria
B) ableism
C) abiliphobia
D) disability discrimination

Question 37

According to the textbook, who among the following would be most likely to be identified as unemployable?

A) a person with learning disabilities
B) a person with dyslexia
C) a person who is partially deaf
D) a person who is blind

Question 38

Twenty-year-old Robert believes that all senior citizens are intellectually inferior. What is Robert guilty of?

A) age grading
B) attribution fallacy
C) ageism
D) reverse discrimination

Question 39

Winona, a Cree woman born in the early twentieth century, had six children and was then forced by the Indian Agent to go to Edmonton to undergo surgery. What was her surgery for?

A) lobotomy
B) tonsillitis
C) sterilization
D) caesarean section

Question 40

According to the textbook, what percentage of the Canadian adult population self-identify as having a disability?

A) fewer than 5 percent
B) approximately 9 percent
C) nearly 13 percent
D) more than 15 percent

Question 41

What is a gerontocracy?

A) a society in which the aged have very little prestige or status
B) a society where the eldest are treated with disdain
C) a society that is ruled by the older citizens
D) a society that reveres the young and tolerates the old

Question 42

What kind of group contains every Canadian born between 1990 and 2000?

A) an age cohort
B) a peer group
C) an age-related mass
D) a census generation

Question 43

Following their sociology of the body class, Agnes asked Jessica to give her an example of an "adapting" activity in a body project enterprise. Which of the following would Jessica utilize?

A) putting on concealer to cover blotchy skin and acne
B) getting a tattoo or piercing in order to fit in with your peers
C) wearing a hearing aid to correct for deafness
D) wearing a wig to hide the effects of chemotherapy

Question 44

Ethel was looking forward to her birthday party and told everyone she invited that they could call her a centenarian for the first time. What birthday was Ethel celebrating?

A) her 95th
B) her 99th
C) her 100th
D) her 105th

Question 45

According to the textbook, what is the most common health condition for centenarians in Ontario?

A) arthritis
B) dementia
C) heart disease
D) diabetes

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT one of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's stages of dying?

A) acceptance
B) anger
C) rumination
D) depression

Question 47

What do we call a society that bestows power and prestige on its oldest members and is ruled by them?

A) seniority model
B) elder reign
C) gerontocracy
D) senilia principalia

Question 48

How many times more likely are women to become centenarians in comparison to men?

A) almost five times
B) almost four times
C) almost three times
D) almost two times

Question 49

What do we call a category of people who are all born within the same range of years?

A) a peer group
B) an age cohort
C) an age-graded cluster
D) a census generation

Question 50

What do we call the average age to which a group of individuals of the same age can anticipate to live?

A) the life course
B) life expectancy
C) the death course
D) death expectancy

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT an activity that is involved in a body project enterprise?

A) camouflaging
B) adapting
C) minimizing
D) redesigning

Question 52

During the "baby boom" years after World War II, how many children would the average Canadian woman give birth to?

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) seven

Question 53

Jessica was asked by the professor to give an example of "extending" during a discussion of a body project. Which of the following would Jessica give?

A) putting on makeup
B) getting a tattoo or piercing
C) losing weight
D) wearing glasses

Question 54

According to the textbook, which of the following happens to most Canadians when they die?

A) the body is cremated
B) the body is placed in a cemetery plot
C) the body is used for organ donation
D) the body is donated for scientific research

Question 55

Jodi was discussing the concept of a body project with her mother, and stated that she wanted to "redesign" her body. Which of the following was Jodi interested in doing?

A) joining a gym to work out and lose weight
B) having breast augmentation surgery
C) shopping for concealer to hide her acne outbreak
D) going to the stylist for highlights and hair extensions

Question 56

After the death of her husband, 67-year-old Shirley was required to get a job in order to pay her monthly bills. At a job interview, Shirley was told she should be retired and not looking for work. What has Shirley experienced?

A) prejudice
B) mandatory retirement
C) reverse discrimination
D) ageism

Question 57

Hazel knows that all of the women born in the same year as her can expect to live to be about 80 years old. What does Hazel have knowledge of?

A) life expectancy
B) death expectancy
C) the life course
D) the death course

Question 58

According to the textbook, what percentage of Canadians over the age of 65 live independently?

A) fewer than 75 percent
B) approximately 80 percent
C) almost 85 percent
D) more than 90 percent

Question 59

"Alvin is great! I always thought he was a grouchy old man, but when I finally spoke to him I found out he has lots of interests and a great sense of humour." Which social construction of the elderly did Alvin help this person overcome?

A) ageism
B) gerontophobia
C) gerontocracy
D) reverse discrimination

Question 60

When her mother died, Joanne was comforted by the outpouring of support from her friends and colleagues at the funeral. As a result, she felt an even closer and deeper bond with those who had helped her through the stressful days. Which theoretical perspective does Joanne's experience support?

A) conflict
B) functionalist
C) feminist
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 61

According to the body mass index (BMI), which of the following people would be considered overweight?

A) Joel, whose BMI is 18.5
B) Carrie, with a BMI of 20
C) Chantel, whose BMI registers 22.5
D) Jason, with a BMI of 25

Question 62

Nancy drove her car to the grocery store this morning and overhead a group of young people laughing and making nasty remarks that she was a danger to society because she was too old to be driving. What has Nancy just experienced?

A) ageism
B) senior chauvinism
C) the double standard
D) age stratification

Question 63

Aalimah has been doing research on the portrayal of seniors in popular culture. She has determined that there is a great deal of prejudice against the elderly in Canada because they are nearly always portrayed as incompetent, unattractive, confused, and in need of someone to take care of them. Which term would she use in her paper to describe this phenomenon?

A) gerontophobia
B) senescence
C) infantilism
D) ageism

Question 64

Jim is afraid of getting old because, although he feels young and is very active, he knows there are many negative stereotypes about older people. What is Jim fearful of experiencing?

A) gerontocracy
B) ageism
C) senior chauvinism
D) age stratification

Question 65

Ari lives in Canada. He learned in his sociology class that the population of Canada is aging rapidly. Predictions are that the large number of baby boomers, because they are healthy, will live on into old age. Also, Canadians have not been having many children over the past two decades, a trend that is predicted to continue. If these trends continue, what is the predicted shape for the age-sex population graph for Canada 30 years from now?

A) a pyramid
B) a T
C) a rectangle
D) an inverted triangle

Question 66

As men become older, society often considers them powerful and distinguished. However, as women become older, society considers them unintelligent and unattractive. What is this inequitable situation called?

A) double jeopardy
B) age-sex peril
C) double standard
D) ageism-sexism binary

Question 67

What term is used to denote a graph that depicts the percentage of a population in various age and sex groupings?

A) age-sex graph
B) population T-graph
C) population pyramid
D) demographic chart

Question 68

What do the profiles of the elderly people in the textbook demonstrate about old age today?

A) Older people are vibrant, healthy, and engaged.
B) Older people are lonely, depressed, and shut in.
C) Older people are bored, bitter, and alienated.
D) Older people are overworked, exhausted, and resigned.

Question 69

Abigail was obsessed with the perfect bodies found in fashion magazines and Playboy centrefolds and was determined to achieve the same body mass index (BMI) even if it was considered to be underweight. What BMI was Abigail striving for?

A) BMI of 18
B) BMI of 18.5
C) BMI of 19
D) BMI of 19.5

Question 70

Colin lives in Canada. The population of Canada is aging, with a small number of elderly, a large number of middle-aged baby boomers, and a relatively small number of children. What is the shape of the age-sex population graph in Canada?

A) pyramid
B) muffin
C) rectangle
D) inverted triangle

Question 71

What term is used to denote an entity that embodies elements both living and dead, human and machine, natural and unnatural?

A) augmented hominid
B) cyborg
C) transhuman
D) cyberpunk

Question 72

What do we call prejudice and discrimination against older people?

A) gerontocracy
B) age stratification
C) senior chauvinism
D) ageism

Question 73

In the 1970s, the poverty rate among Canadian seniors was approximately 25 percent. What was the approximate rate at the start of the twenty-first century?

A) 7 percent
B) 14 percent
C) 21 percent
D) 28 percent

Question 74

Why is the population of elderly people rising in industrialized societies like Canada?

A) because population growth has increased
B) because fertility rates have been declining
C) because medical advances have slowed
D) because life expectancy for men now exceeds that of women

Question 75

Barbara lives in Mexico City. The population of Mexico is very youthful and there are many more young people than middle-aged people and only a handful of elderly. What is the shape of the age-sex population pyramid in Mexico?

A) pyramid
B) muffin
C) rectangle
D) inverted triangle

Question 76

What do we call a graph that shows the percentage of the population, by sex, who are in various age groups?

A) a population pyramid
B) an age-sex stratification system
C) a life expectancy index
D) an age-sex histogram

Question 77

According to the textbook, when will the world's population of seniors exceed the world's population of children under the age of five?

A) 2020-2029
B) 2030-2039
C) 2040-2049
D) 2050-2059

Question 78

Geraldine is 70 years old. What do sociologists call her age category?

A) the grey boomers
B) gerontolo-youths
C) the young-old
D) the old-old

Question 79

Melvin just turned 87. What do sociologists call his age category?

A) elderly
B) aged
C) old
D) old-old

Question 80

In 2016, approximately what percentage of the Canadian population was 65 years of age or older?

A) 7 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 17 percent
D) 20 percent