Deck 17: Management History

Question 1

Adam Smith concluded that division of labour increased productivity by saving time lost in changing tasks.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Taylor argued that the work and responsibility should be almost equally divided between management and workers.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Adam Smith argued that there would be economic advantages gained from division of labour.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What the Industrial Revolution did was substitute machine power for human power.

Question 5

One best way is the phrase most associated with scientific management.

Question 6

Fayol's Principles of management are rules that could be applied in all organizational situations.

Question 7

The two most prominent theorists behind the general administrative approach were Henri Fayol and Max Weber.

Question 8

An organization that has a division of labour, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy.

Question 9

The Industrial Revolution began in the nineteenth century.

Question 10

Principles of Scientific Management was written by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Question 11

Taylor is best known for his 14 principles of management.

Question 12

The formal study of management began in the late nineteenth century.

Question 13

Taylor's pig iron experiment showed that a worker could be motivated with an economic incentive of a higher daily wage.

Question 14

Fayol suggested that managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.

Question 15

Henry Fayol first identified the management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling.

Question 16

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth experimented with the design and use of the proper tools and equipment for optimizing work performance.

Question 17

According to Adam Smith, division of labour lowered productivity by reducing each worker's skill and dexterity.

Question 18

The Gilbreths invented a device called a microchronometer to help determine which assembly line jobs could be eliminated through automation.

Question 19

Bureaucracy is a form of organization characterized by detailed rules and regulations.

Question 20

Taylor's and Gilbreths' guidelines and techniques are now outdated and no longer in use.

Question 21

Bureaucratic mechanisms are necessary even today to ensure that resources are used efficiently and effectively.

Question 22

Today, when we describe organizations as systems, we mean closed systems.

Question 23

The Hawthorne Studies began in 1924 at the General Motors assembly plant in Flint, Michigan.

Question 24

The contingency approach views organizations as a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.

Question 25

Queue management is one method of the quantitative approach.

Question 26

Quantitative approach involves applying statistics and computer simulations to management activities.

Question 27

The most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behaviour came from the Hawthorne Studies.

Question 28

System is made up of independent parts arranged in a manner that procures a unified whole.

Question 29

Weber's bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management in its ideology.

Question 30

In one Hawthorne Studies experiment, researchers concluded that money is less a factor in determining output than group standards, attitudes, and security.

Question 31

The behavioural approach is less important than other management principles in today's organizations.

Question 32

Total quality management was introduced by Henry Fayol as part of his management principles.

Question 33

The systems approach implies that decisions and actions in one organizational area will affect other areas.

Question 34

Weber recognized that in the early 1900s the ideal bureaucracy existed in most business operations.

Question 35

Weber's bureaucracy is evident in large organizations today.

Question 36

Early advocates of the behavioural approach believed that efficient managers were the most important assets of the organization and should have clear authority.

Question 37

Concern for employee motivation is most closely associated with organizational behaviour.

Question 38

TQM states that continual improvement is not possible without accurate measurements of every variable in the organization's work processes.

Question 39

The quantitative approach is only useful in the management function of organizing.

Question 40

In the 1990s, management researchers recognized that the external environment outside the organization also had impact on how managers manage.

Question 41

The major contribution of the Industrial Revolution was the substitution of __________ for human power.

A) electricity
B) water power
C) machine power
D) critical thinking
E) management power

Question 42

The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was __________.

A) worker efficiency
B) worker effectiveness
C) worker absenteeism and turnover
D) workplace safety
E) worker-management relations

Question 43

In Fayol's 14 Principles of Management, _____________ refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.

A) authority
B) unity of command
C) initiative
D) centralization
E) equity

Question 44

Fayol's contribution to the field of management is best represented by which of the following?

A) the 14 principles of management
B) the ideal bureaucracy
C) the systems approach
D) the four principles of management
E) the six principles of TQM

Question 45

Taylor's contribution to the field of management is best represented by which of the following?

A) the 14 principles of management
B) the ideal bureaucracy
C) the systems approach
D) the four principles of management
E) the Hawthorne Studies

Question 46

"Management does all the work for which it is better suited than the workers" is one of _______________.

A) Fayol's Principles of Management
B) The Characteristics of Weber's Bureaucracy
C) Deming's Total Quality Management
D) Taylor's Scientific Management Principles
E) Barnard's Open Systems Management

Question 47

In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued for the economic advantages of __________, the breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks.

A) assembly lines
B) job redesign
C) division of labour
D) scientific management
E) job rotation

Question 48

In Fayol's 14 Principles of Management, _______________ refers to the fact that employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.

A) esprit de corps
B) unity of direction
C) division of work
D) initiative
E) scalar chain

Question 49

Weber's bureaucracy was an attempt to ____________________.

A) formulate an ideal prototype for organizations
B) develop fundamental rules of management
C) optimize work performance
D) develop guidelines for improving production efficiency
E) use scientific methods to define the one best way for a job to be done

Question 50

General administrative theory focuses on __________.

A) all organizational situations
B) managers and administrators
C) the measurement of organizational design relationships
D) primarily the accounting function
E) administrative issues affecting nonmanagerial employees

Question 51

The "father" of scientific management was __________.

A) Frederick Herzberg
B) Adam Smith
C) Frank Gilbreth
D) Henri Fayol
E) Frederick Taylor

Question 52

_________ emphasized rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible.

A) Systems approach
B) Total quality management
C) Classical approach
D) Behavioural approach
E) Contingency approach

Question 53

Which of the following phrases is most associated with scientific management?

A) management efficiency above all
B) one best way to get the job done
C) supply and demand
D) quality control at all times
E) substituting machine power for human power

Question 54

The primary value of the contingency approach is that it stresses that there are no simplistic or universal rules for managers to follow.

Question 55

Weber's contribution to the field of management is best represented by which of the following?

A) the 14 principles of management
B) the ideal bureaucracy
C) the systems approach
D) the four principles of management
E) the Hawthorne Studies

Question 56

The ____________ emphasized rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible.

A) scientific management
B) classical studies
C) total quality management
D) systems approach
E) quantitative approach

Question 57

Frank Gilbreth is best known for his work in which of the following areas?

A) motion picture industry
B) sawmills
C) electrical engineering
D) automobile assembly lines
E) bricklaying

Question 58

The term therblig refers to which of the following?

A) optimum temperature for workplace efficiency
B) the "one best way"
C) optimum speed for assembly lines
D) weight-to-strength ratios
E) basic hand motions

Question 59

While Taylor was concerned with __________ managers, Fayol's attention was directed at the activities of __________ managers.

A) all; top level
B) all; first-line
C) first-line; all
D) top level; first-line
E) top level; all

Question 60

Frederick Taylor performed most of his work in __________.

A) grape vineyards in California
B) steel companies in Pennsylvania
C) auto assembly plants near Detroit
D) Chicago construction sites observing bricklayers
E) a Western Electric plant in Illinois

Question 61

Which of the following was a major contribution of Hugo Munsterberg?

A) He was a social reformer.
B) He created the field of industrial psychology.
C) He was interested in individual and group behaviour.
D) He viewed organizations as social systems requiring human cooperation.
E) He was the first to argue that organizations were open systems.

Question 62

One outcome of the Hawthorne Studies could be described by which of the following statements?

A) Individual work ethic has a greater influence on worker productivity than group pressure.
B) Incentive pay systems have more influence on worker productivity than group pressure.
C) Behaviour and employee sentiments are inversely related.
D) Security is relatively unimportant to employees.
E) Social norms or group standards are the key determinants of individual work behaviour.

Question 63

A __________ is a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.

A) process
B) team
C) culture
D) strategy
E) system

Question 64

The foundation for management practices such as motivation programs, and work teams came from the early studies in the __________.

A) behavioural approach
B) total quality management
C) open system approach
D) classical management
E) contingency approach

Question 65

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behaviour was one of the first to recognize that organizations could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behaviour?

A) Robert Owen
B) Hugo Munsterberg
C) Mary Parker Follett
D) Chester Barnard
E) Frederick Taylor

Question 66

According to Weber, __________ refers to the uniform application of rules and controls, regardless of personal characteristics.

A) career orientation
B) authority hierarchy
C) impersonality
D) formal selection
E) division of labour

Question 67

What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies?

A) Adams
B) Mayo
C) Lawler
D) Barnard
E) Herzberg

Question 68

The Hawthorne Studies were initially devised to study __________.

A) productivity levels of groups versus individuals
B) the effect of noise on employee productivity
C) the effect of illumination levels on employee productivity
D) the effect of cooperative versus competitive organizational environments on productivity
E) the effects of autocratic versus democratic leadership styles on employee productivity

Question 69

The quantitative approach evolved from the development of mathematical and statistical solutions to __________.

A) waiting line problems at fast-food restaurants in the 1960s
B) military problems in the Second World War
C) clogged telephone circuits during the 1930s
D) production automation problems in the 1950s
E) automobile assembly line problems in the 1920s

Question 70

The quantitative approach contributes directly to management decision making in the areas of __________.

A) leading and organizing
B) managing and organizing
C) planning and managing
D) planning and control
E) leading and control

Question 71

The management approach which involves application of statistics and computer simulations is the ____________.

A) scientific method
B) bureaucratic approach
C) classical approach
D) quantitative approach
E) systems approach

Question 72

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behaviour was known for their concern about deplorable working conditions?

A) Robert Owen
B) Hugo Munsterberg
C) Mary Parker Follett
D) Chester Barnard
E) Max Weber

Question 73

Concern for employee motivation is most closely associated with which management approach?

A) bureaucratic management
B) organizational behavior
C) scientific management
D) quality management
E) open systems approach

Question 74

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behaviour created the field of industrial psychology, the scientific study of people at work?

A) Robert Owen
B) Hugo Munsterberg
C) Mary Parker Follett
D) Chester Barnard
E) Frederick Taylor

Question 75

__________________ is a management philosophy devoted to continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations.

A) Quantitative approach
B) Scientific management
C) General administrative theory
D) Total quality management
E) Systems approach

Question 76

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behaviour was the first to argue that organizations were open systems?

A) Robert Owen
B) Hugo Munsterberg
C) Mary Parker Follett
D) Chester Barnard
E) Max Weber

Question 77

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy developed first in ____________ by ________.

A) the US; Jack Welch
B) the US; Edwards Deming
C) Japan; Akio Morita
D) Japan; Edwards Deming
E) Japan; Kiichiro Toyoda

Question 78

The most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behaviour came out of __________.

A) scientific management
B) the 14 principles of management
C) the systems approach
D) the Hawthorne Studies
E) linear programming

Question 79

Lineal programming is a technique that managers use to improve _________.

A) individual productivity
B) resource allocation decisions
C) optimum inventory levels
D) job design by managers
E) flexibility in organizations

Question 80

According to Weber, __________ involves selecting people for jobs based on technical qualifications.

A) career orientation
B) authority hierarchy
C) impersonality
D) formal selection
E) division of labour