Deck 13: Leadership

Question 1

Derek Logan heads a team of 10 research analysts in Deutsche Bank. Even though he is least impressed with Cara Lewis among all his subordinates, when asked about her work he chose to focus on her strengths rather than her weaknesses. Derek can be described as a task-oriented leader.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Not all managers have the capabilities or skills to be effective leaders.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The conclusions of the University of Michigan studies indicated that production-oriented leaders were most effective overall.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Fiedler assumed an individual will change his or her leadership style to fit the situation.

Question 5

The leader-member exchange (LMX) theory states that when leaders treat all subordinates the same resulting in general feeling of job satisfaction in the organization.

Question 6

Highly effective leadership is learned and is not influenced by personality characteristics.

Question 7

According to the path-goal theory, achievement-oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level.

Question 8

Leadership is the process of influencing a group toward the achievement of goals.

Question 9

Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory focuses on the readiness of the follower.

Question 10

Effective leaders do not need in-depth knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters.

Question 11

Highly effective leaders are sociable and assertive.

Question 12

Fiedler's contingency model proposes that effective leadership depends on the ability and willingness of the subordinates.

Question 13

Behavioural theories show that effective leaders behave in very different ways even when working for the same organization.

Question 14

According to Fiedler's research, relationship-oriented leaders seemed to perform better in very unfavourable situations.

Question 15

Path-goal theory assumes that the same leader can display any or all of the four leadership behaviours depending on the situation.

Question 16

Despite the best efforts of researchers, it proved impossible to identify one set of traits that would always differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

Question 17

The Ohio State studies dimension called "initiating structure" includes behaviour that attempts to organize work, work relationships, and goals.

Question 18

Autocratic leaders tend to delegate authority and involve employees in decision making.

Question 19

Path-goal theory's supportive leader consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.

Question 20

According to Hersey and Blanchard, if a follower is unable but willing to perform a task, then the leader should adopt a "selling" orientation.

Question 21

Of the five dimensions that make up the concept of trust, loyalty seems to be the most critical when someone assesses another's trustworthiness.

Question 22

Transactional and transformational leadership are opposing approaches to getting things done.

Question 23

A charismatic leader is likely seen as being self-confident and influential.

Question 24

The leader-member exchange theory (LMX) states that leaders create in-groups and out-groups and those in the in-group will have higher job satisfaction.

Question 25

One specific role of team leadership is that team leaders are troubleshooters.

Question 26

One reason why organizations are increasingly empowering employees is that this demonstrates clearly the ethical leadership of the executives.

Question 27

The challenge for many managers is learning how to become an effective team leader.

Question 28

Not all employees welcome empowerment.

Question 29

Effective leadership globally is related to the leader's education and training, not to cultural characteristics.

Question 30

People who work for charismatic leaders are motivated to exert extra work effort but report lower job satisfaction.

Question 31

Charisma is an essential quality that leaders must possess to achieve high levels of employee performance.

Question 32

Trust is the belief in the integrity, character, and ability of a leader.

Question 33

Transactional leadership, as compared with transformational leadership, is more strongly correlated with lower turnover rates, higher productivity, and higher employee satisfaction.

Question 34

Unethical leaders may use their charisma to enhance their power over followers.

Question 35

The GLOBE research has found that there are some universal aspects to leadership across cultures.

Question 36

Followers with in-group status according to the LMX theory, engage in more helping or "citizenship" behaviours at work.

Question 37

Legitimate power is achieved as a result of subordinate admiration of the leader thus legitimizing his/her authority.

Question 38

There is overwhelming evidence supporting the superiority of transactional leadership over transformational leadership.

Question 39

Reward power is related to the leader's position in the organization.

Question 40

Elements of transactional leadership are associated with effective leadership practices, regardless of country or culture.

Question 41

According to the Ohio State Studies, a leader who is high in __________ is characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings.

A) charisma
B) initiating structure
C) consideration
D) employee-orientation
E) production-orientation

Question 42

According to the University of Iowa studies, the __________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.

A) consultative
B) directive
C) democratic
D) laissez-faire
E) transformational

Question 43

The managerial grid developed by Blake and Mouton uses which two behavioural dimensions?

A) employee-oriented and production-oriented
B) concern for people and consideration
C) initiating structure and consideration
D) concern for people and concern for production
E) concern for managers and concern for workers

Question 44

According to the University of Michigan studies, leaders who were __________ were associated with higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction.

A) charismatic
B) directive
C) achievement-oriented
D) employee-oriented
E) production-oriented

Question 45

According to the Ohio State Studies, a leader who is __________ in both initiating structure and consideration achieved high group task performance and satisfaction more frequently than one who rated __________ on either dimension or both.

A) low; low
B) high; high
C) high; low
D) low; high
E) the same; high

Question 46

The intent of __________ theories was to identify characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

A) behavioural
B) situational
C) transformational
D) transactional
E) trait

Question 47

According to the University of Iowa studies, a leader who tends to centralize authority, impose work methods, and make unilateral decisions has a(n) _____ leadership style.

A) transactional
B) democratic
C) unilateral
D) autocratic
E) directive

Question 48

Trait theory ignores ________.

A) physical traits of leaders
B) the behavioral aspects of honesty and integrity
C) the interactions of leaders and their group members
D) the fact that leaders should be able to create visions and solve problems
E) need for empowerment

Question 49

One of the eight traits associated with leadership is _________.

A) agreeableness
B) emotional stability
C) proneness to guilt
D) openness to experience
E) conscientiousness

Question 50

The theory that effective group performance depends on the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with employees and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader is __________.

A) Fiedler's contingency model
B) path-goal theory
C) Hersey and Blanchard's model
D) the Ohio State Studies
E) the University of Michigan Studies

Question 51

Susan Bones is the sales manager at the Toronto office of Alpha Inc. She has a reputation of being fair, helpful, and understanding. Laura, one of her subordinates, recalled how Susan had even helped her overcome a personal crisis. Which of the following dimensions of leadership is Susan displaying here?

A) consideration
B) initiating structure
C) employee orientation
D) task orientation
E) empowerment

Question 52

Leaders are necessary for organizations regardless of the follower characteristics.

Question 53

Persons who can influence others and provide vision and strategy to the organization are called __________.

A) managers
B) leaders
C) organizers
D) visionaries
E) directors

Question 54

According to your textbook, __________ provide vision and strategy to the organization, while __________ implement that vision and strategy.

A) leaders; managers
B) managers; employees
C) shareholders; managers
D) managers; leaders
E) leaders; employees

Question 55

Organizations use empowerment in situations where downsizing has left managers with large spans of control.

Question 56

According to the Ohio State Studies, a leader who is high in __________ assigns group members to specific tasks, expects workers to maintain standards, and focuses on deadlines.

A) autocratic structure
B) initiating structure
C) consideration
D) employee-orientation
E) production-orientation

Question 57

Which of the following did Fiedler develop to measure a leader's style?

A) least-preferred coworker questionnaire
B) most-preferred relationship questionnaire
C) least-preferred task questionnaire
D) most-preferred manager questionnaire
E) leadership aptitude survey

Question 58

The University of Iowa studies found that group members' satisfaction levels were generally highest under which of the following leadership style?

A) transformational
B) democratic
C) supportive
D) directive
E) laissez-faire

Question 59

It is possible that in some situations employees who are empowered are more likely to get sick than other employees.

Question 60

When executives concentrate power in the higher levels of the organization it is called empowerment.

Question 61

According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leader style should be used at the lowest level of follower readiness?

A) delegating
B) selling
C) participating
D) cooperating
E) telling

Question 62

According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style is best if a follower is able but unwilling or insecure about doing a job (R3)?

A) delegating
B) selling
C) participating
D) cooperating
E) telling

Question 63

According to path-goal theory, which leadership behaviour is used when a leader lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks?

A) democratic
B) achievement-oriented
C) directive
D) supportive
E) participative

Question 64

Fiedler concluded that __________ leaders performed better in very favourable and very unfavourable situations.

A) task-oriented
B) achievement-oriented
C) relationship-oriented
D) employee-oriented
E) consideration-oriented

Question 65

Fiedler defined __________ as the degree to which job assignments were formalized and procedurized.

A) position power
B) delegating
C) initiating structure
D) leader-member relations
E) task structure

Question 66

At Falcons Inc., Jeremy is the head of the marketing department. However, he is not in the habit of deciding everything on his own. He involves his team in the decision-making process as much as possible. He believes in communicating clearly and is always ready to help his team to get the best out of them. Jeremy's leadership style will be classified as which of the following?

A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
D) delegating
E) cooperating

Question 67

Fiedler has identified three contingency dimensions that define the key situational factors for determining leadership effectiveness. They are:

A) consideration, initiating structure, and leader-member relations
B) position power, task structure, and consideration
C) initiating structure, position power, and consideration
D) leader-member relations, consideration, and position power
E) task structure, leader-member relations, and position power

Question 68

Fiedler defined __________ as the degree of of influence a leader had over activities such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases.

A) position power
B) expert power
C) initiating structure
D) leader-member relations
E) consideration

Question 69

According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style is best if a follower is both able and willing to do a job (R4)?

A) delegating
B) selling
C) participating
D) cooperating
E) telling

Question 70

Janice is a friendly and outgoing manager who constantly shows concerns for the needs of her employees. According to path-goal theory, she is demonstrating which leadership style?

A) cooperative
B) participative
C) achievement-oriented
D) supportive
E) directive

Question 71

According to the path-goal theory, employee performance and leadership style are likely to be positively related when ________.

A) the leader adopts a directive style when the tasks are clear and the employee has the experience and the ability to handle them
B) the leader displays directive behavior at all times
C) the leadership style compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting
D) the leader adopts a directive style of leadership with followers who have an internal locus of control
E) the leader recognizes that the employee desires to be empowered

Question 72

According to path-goal theory, which leadership behaviour is used when a leader is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates?

A) directive
B) achievement-oriented
C) participative
D) democratic
E) supportive

Question 73

According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style is best if a follower is both unable and unwilling to do a job (R1)?

A) delegating
B) selling
C) participating
D) cooperating
E) telling

Question 74

Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory focuses on ________.

A) leader-member relations
B) the least-preferred coworker
C) the leader's preferred style
D) the followers
E) environmental variables

Question 75

According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style is best if a follower is unable but willing to do a job (R2)?

A) delegating
B) selling
C) participating
D) cooperating
E) telling

Question 76

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was __________.

A) evolving slowly over time
B) continually changing
C) multi-dimensional
D) fixed
E) flexible

Question 77

According to path-goal theory, which leadership behaviour is used when a manager consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision?

A) relationship-oriented
B) achievement-oriented
C) participative
D) supportive
E) transactional

Question 78

According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leader style should be used at the highest level of follower readiness?

A) delegating
B) selling
C) participating
D) cooperating
E) telling

Question 79

According to path-goal theory, which leadership behaviour is used when a leader sets challenging goals and expects very high performance levels from subordinates?

A) transactional
B) participative
C) achievement-oriented
D) relationship-oriented
E) task-oriented

Question 80

Fiedler concluded that __________ leaders performed better in moderate control situations.

A) task-oriented
B) achievement-oriented
C) relationship-oriented
D) autocratic-oriented
E) production-oriented