Deck 15: Globalization: the Interconnected World

Question 1

According to the text,which popular theoretical process is similar to neoliberalism?

A) Darwin's biological process of "natural selection"
B) Keynesian theory of macroeconomics and the role of aggregate demand
C) Adam Smith's theory of "the invisible hand"
D) the Truman Doctrine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which economic organization allows less powerful nations to have the same degree of participation as more powerful nations?

A) International Monetary Fund
B) The World Bank
C) The World Trade Organization
D) The Global Economy Assistance Organization

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which post-World War II event contributed to the development of globalization?

A) process of colonization
B) development of international economic organizations
C) dismantling of the League of Nations
D) growth of liberalism

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which term best describes globalization?

A) condition
B) process
C) structure
D) construction

Question 5

Which of the following best describes globalization?

A) a process that began after World War II
B) a process that is thousands of years old
C) a structure that involves most nations of the world
D) a structure that was put in place after World War II

Question 6

Matthias is taking a course in political studies.He is learning about various economic philosophies that have proliferated in the past 100 years.Which term best describes the economic concept that "prosperity and democracy will flourish when market forces are unimpeded by government"?

A) neo-conservatism
B) economic self-determination
C) neoliberalism
D) liberal globalization

Question 7

In which of the following pairs of organizations is the United States the dominant power?

A) The International Monetary Fund;The World Bank
B) The World Bank;The World Trade Organization
C) The World Trade Organization;The Global Economy Assistance Fund
D) The Global Economy Assistance Fund;The International Monetary Fund

Question 8

Which historical event of the 19th century is credited as laying the foundations for modern globalization?

A) industrialization
B) European exploration
C) technological developments
D) scientific and cultural advancements of the Enlightenment

Question 9

According to the text,what is the difference between globalization and globality?

A) Globalization is a process while globality is a condition.
B) Globalization is a condition while globality is a process.
C) Globalization is historical while globality is current.
D) Globalization is current while globality is historical.

Question 10

According to the text,which term refers to the process of dismantling colonial empires and granting the former colonies political and economic independence?

A) globalization
B) glocalization
C) transnationalization
D) decolonization

Question 11

According to the text,which term refers to the social condition characterized by tight global economic,political,cultural,and environmental interconnections and flows that make most of the current borders and boundaries irrelevant?

A) globalization
B) globality
C) glocalization
D) glocality

Question 12

According to the text,how long has globalization existed?

A) 10 years
B) 50 years
C) 100 years
D) thousands of years

Question 13

What activities do the policies of neoliberalism promote?

A) reduced individual responsibility for health and education
B) increased government spending and increased social responsibility
C) increased government regulation of domestic capital markets
D) decreased government regulation and increased freedom of market forces

Question 14

If you owned a business in a neoliberal economy,which of the following would you NOT expect to happen?

A) Your taxes would increase.
B) Your business would rarely be affected by worker strikes.
C) The regulation of your business by government would be reduced.
D) International markets for your products would increase.

Question 15

What spurred modern globalization?

A) technological innovations in the latter half of the 19th century
B) the computer revolution
C) World War I
D) the Franco-Prussian War

Question 16

You watch an economist being interviewed: she speaks passionately against government regulation of business and financial institutions,saying,"The markets will correct themselves." What type of economist would this person be?

A) neoliberal
B) Marxist
C) Keynesian
D) structural

Question 17

Which term best describes globality?

A) condition
B) process
C) structure
D) construction

Question 18

Whose thinking influences neoliberalism?

A) Durkheim
B) Darwin
C) Marx
D) Pearson

Question 19

How did the post-World War II period differ from the Post World War I period?

A) After the First World War,several international economic organizations were formed while this did not occur after the Second World War.
B) After the First World War,steps were taken to rebuild the economies destroyed by the war;after the Second World War,countries were largely left to their own resources.
C) After the Second World War but not after the First World War,countries sought to recover their economies by strengthening their economic borders.
D) After the Second World War but not after the First World War,neoliberalism became a dominant economic doctrine.

Question 20

Which organization would support the neoliberal perspective on development?

A) the IMF and the World Bank
B) relief organizations
C) micro-credit organizations
D) fair-trade organizations

Question 21

A sweatshirt from The Gap has production steps completed in three different countries.According to Eitzen and Zinn,which term describes this process?

A) global processes
B) neoliberal trade
C) global assembly line
D) neoliberal production

Question 22

Which 1989 event removed one of the last barriers to globalization?

A) start of the Korean War
B) Cuban Missile Crisis
C) formation of the United Nations
D) collapse of the Soviet Union

Question 23

Which aspect of globalization is thought to have played a key role in the Arab spring?

A) concentration of corporate power
B) expansion of the arms market
C) improvements in international travels
D) technological advances in communications

Question 24

According to the text,globalization has meant that the power of nation-states has been transferred "upward" and "downward." Which of the following is an example of the upward transfer?

A) to international organizations
B) to regional trading blocks
C) to global cities
D) to global civil society

Question 25

After the Libyan government killed and otherwise punished protesters,sanctions were put into place by other governments.How can we explain why these other governments were able to act as quickly as they did?

A) The network of embassies around the world is much denser than it used to be.
B) The ease of international air travel made it possible for western journalists to arrive on the scene almost immediately.
C) Policies in place for political refugees allowed a number of the Libyan protesters to flee to western Europe and North America.
D) The Internet allowed the protesters to see what was happening in Libya in real-time.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the economic dimension of globalization?

A) increase in corporate power
B) decreased production flexibility
C) the outsourcing of service jobs
D) transnational corporations that have more wealth than many nations

Question 27

In the wake of the Libyan situations,the governments of Egypt,Tunisia,and other countries fell in rapid succession.According to the text,which factor played an important role in this dynamic?

A) Major corporations began to close their investments in these countries.
B) International bands of mercenaries moved from country to country encouraging discontent with existing governments.
C) The diffusion of images of the Libyan situations showed protesters in other countries that change was indeed possible.
D) The UN Security Council issued a statement encouraging active resistance.

Question 28

According to the text,what was the origin of the International Development Association?

A) growth of international terrorism
B) Korean War
C) Cold War
D) initiative that led to the International Space Station

Question 29

Supporters of globalization suggest that the availability of communication technologies has increased the ways in which populations can experience and shape their world.Which of the following was NOT noted in the text as an aspect of the benefits of globalized communications during the Arab Spring in 2011?

A) The world was informed of citizen protests and government responses.
B) Images and videos gave visual evidence to others living under similar political circumstances that change initiated from within and by citizens was possible.
C) Shared knowledge of each other's lives can increase understanding and tolerance of other culture.
D) War crimes captured in real-time audio-visual broadcasts enabled world courts to charge and convict war criminals.

Question 30

According to the text,in which direction is the transfer of power from national governments to a regional trading bloc,such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

A) lateral
B) vertical
C) downward
D) upward

Question 31

Globalization is a contested issue as far as equitable access and accrual of benefits to all of the world's citizens.According to the text,what percentage of the world's wealth is owned by the poorest three-quarters of the world?

A) less than 1%
B) between 1 and 5%
C) less than 10%
D) between 15 and 25%

Question 32

Why did the United States provide a significant portion of the funding to begin the International Development Association after World War II?

A) It feared that smaller countries would receive aid from the Soviet Union.
B) It would help cement its stature as a world power.
C) The United Nations asked for the funding.
D) No other country was in a position to help to the same degree.

Question 33

Which condition does NOT apply to phenomenon known as "the global assembly line"?

A) manufacturing jobs that are moved from one low-wage country to another
B) production that uses a variety of physical and human resources
C) the focus of the environmentally hazardous extraction of raw or unprocessed natural resources
D) located in regions and countries that sacrifice worker safety and wages to attract outsourced jobs

Question 34

When Victor calls for technical support with his computer,he speaks to someone in India.He gets angry about this situation because his brother is a computer wizard,but can't find work here in Canada.What is the market phenomenon that has created this situation?

A) global demand
B) customer care
C) global-local service
D) outsourcing

Question 35

Globalization is social reality that is closely entwined with many sociological concepts and theories.Which of the following is noted as the most important concept to consider when examining globalization?

A) social inequality
B) social justice
C) environmental activism
D) social activism

Question 36

According to the text,what has happened to manufacturing jobs under the influence of globalization?

A) They have steadily increased around the world.
B) They have remained in developed countries.
C) They have been reduced due to technological investment.
D) They have moved into low-wage countries.

Question 37

Jason purchased a t-shirt when he attended a concert put on by his favourite rock band.What he didn't know was that seemingly simple purchase was representative of a global manufacturing process.According to the text,which term refers to this process?

A) gendered assembly line
B) global assembly line
C) globalized workforce
D) golden assembly line

Question 38

According to the text,what is one of the major criticisms of the International Monetary Fund?

A) The IMF is not respected by the United States.
B) The IMF does not facilitate development as it was intended to do.
C) Europe has secured one-third of the votes for IMF directors.
D) The poorest nations have no direct influence on IMF policies or programs.

Question 39

Antonella lives in Toronto.While visiting New York,she stopped to eat Chinese food on her way to a Hungarian film festival.Before going home,she went and bought a pair of shoes made in Brazil and a purse made in Italy.According to the text,the travel,food,film,shoes,and purse are all part of which dimension of globalization?

A) economic
B) technological
C) cultural
D) personal

Question 40

Joaquim works at a local factory assembling electronics for a North American technology manufacturing firm.He is a contract worker,which means that he works only when the firm has a specific production order to fill.Due to periodic layoffs his average daily wage is approximately US$1.15.According to the text,what is the term given to an average daily wage that falls below US$1.90?

A) international extreme poverty line
B) regionally adjusted rate of income
C) internationally adjusted poverty statistics
D) local extreme wage disparity

Question 41

According to the text,why are farmers in developing countries unable to compete with Canadian and American produce?

A) Developing countries cannot offer farmers subsidies due to the requirements to participate in structural adjustment programs.
B) Developed countries do not require subsidies to make their produce accessible to the local market.
C) The structural adjustment programs put a $1 million cap on the amount of subsidies available to farmers in developing countries.
D) Travel subsidies are not sufficient to bring produce in at a reasonable rate.

Question 42

According to the text,in 2013,767 million people were in which of the following economic situations?

A) On a daily basis,they could only purchase what someone living in the United States could purchase for about one dollar.
B) On a daily basis,they could only purchase what someone living in the United States could purchase for about two dollars.
C) On a daily basis,they could only purchase what someone living in the United States could purchase for about five dollars.
D) On a daily basis,they could only purchase what someone living in the United States could purchase for about ten dollars.

Question 43

The International Labour Organization (ILO)has four objectives to ensure that globalization has a fair outcome for all.Which of the following is NOT one of those objectives?

A) Promote employment by creating a sustainable institutional and economic environment.
B) Develop and enhance measures of social security and labour protection.
C) Promote social dialogue in order to create social progress.
D) Ensure economic success to ensure continued employment opportunities.

Question 44

What does the "Washington Consensus" refer to?

A) an agreement among North American countries that they would respect each other's agreements previously made with workers' unions
B) structural adjustment programs established in the 1980s
C) the establishment of protocols regarding how long nations have to repay loans
D) an agreement to block trade with nations having bad human rights records.

Question 45

Eugenia,a Mexican single mother of three,goes to work each morning at a local factory,working all day in poor conditions.However,she does not make enough money to pay all of her family's expenses and her eldest son must also work to make ends meet.Eugenia's daily life is an example of which negative aspect of globalization?

A) family employment
B) exploitation of workers
C) corporate advantage
D) economic abuse

Question 46

Countries that participate in structural adjustment programs have certain imposed requirements placed on them.According to the text,what is one of the primary requirements?

A) increased tariffs
B) reduced spending on social programs
C) product-specific tariffs
D) increased spending on social programs

Question 47

According to the text,the sale of the Inco Mine to Vale resulted in which of the following?

A) an expansion of investments by Vale in the economy of Thompson Manitoba
B) a relocation of the Inco Company to Mexico
C) a marginal reduction in the workforce at Inco
D) the devastation of the economy of Thompson,Manitoba

Question 48

With the globalization of production,what is the easiest way to reduce the price of products produced?

A) reduce wages
B) reduce production time
C) reduce demand
D) reduce company profits

Question 49

According to the authors,more and more people around the world are eating lunch at McDonald's while local restaurants shut down.What trend resulting from globalization does this reflect?

A) American empire
B) cultural homogenization
C) increased cultural production abroad
D) reduced production costs

Question 50

The International Monetary Fund lends money to countries in need on the condition that the borrower follow a mandatory package of reforms that allow for the intensification of free markets.What are these arrangements known as?

A) structural adjustment programs
B) Global Agreement on Loans and Trade
C) bad debt schemes
D) reorganization plans

Question 51

The distribution of wealth internationally is such that three-quarters of the people living in the world own what percentage of the wealth?

A) 3
B) 7
C) 15
D) 75

Question 52

Which of the following is the official mandate of the IMF and World Bank?

A) to increase regional equality
B) to facilitate development and ease financial crises
C) to urge the passage of legislation regarding corporate responsibility
D) to increase corporate profitability

Question 53

According to the text,what is one clear sign of cultural homogenization due to globalization?

A) uniformity of fashion
B) closure of small restaurants
C) decline of local businesses
D) loss of languages

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT reasonably considered a cause of the "race to the bottom"?

A) consumer demand for lower prices
B) flexibility of production
C) job insecurity in the developed world
D) bargaining power of large corporations

Question 55

Pia is a four-month-old child who was born to an impoverished family in the Global South.Her parents work when employment is available in their locality but their wages are so low that they are categorized as "working poor." Pia is subject to an uncertain future.Which of the following is noted in the text as one reason why Pia may not live to her first birthday?

A) poor parenting knowledge and practices
B) culturally gendered rejection and devaluing of female children known as "femicide"
C) lack of access to basic childhood vaccinations
D) excessive numbers of children born to women who don't know about or have access to birth control technologies

Question 56

Hebron and Stack (2016)argue that global culture does not necessarily mean the destruction of local culture.What is the label he uses for the new mixing of cultures that is occurring?

A) cultural mélange
B) fusion cultures
C) transnationals
D) glocalization

Question 57

Which statement best describes international trade in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) Developing nations which had opened themselves up to international trade saw their GNPs grow by almost five percent per year while those nations which were not opened to trade grew by considerable less.
B) Whether or not a nation opened itself to trade had no effect on the growth of the GNP.
C) Developing nations which had opened themselves to trade saw a more rapidly declining GNP than did nations which were not opened to trade.
D) Developing nations which had opened themselves up to international trade saw the GNP fall by almost five percent per year while the GNP of those nations which were not opened to trade remained steady.

Question 58

Which statement best describes child labour?

A) The vast majority of child labourers are in Eastern European countries.
B) Because of existing regulations only a small proportion of children are involved in hazardous work.
C) Claims about modern day slavery are largely a myth.
D) Child labourers are found in virtually every industry.

Question 59

The distribution of wealth internationally is such that 0.7 percent of the population own what percentage of the wealth?

A) 5
B) 25
C) 45
D) 65

Question 60

Which of the following is a consequence of the implementation of NAFTA in 1994?

A) Canada began exporting jobs to the United States.
B) Canada and the United States began exporting jobs to Mexico.
C) China began exporting jobs to Mexico.
D) All social classes in Mexico benefitted,but especially the poorest.

Question 61

What label has been given to the cultural influence exerted by the United States around the world?

A) Americanization
B) U.S.imperialism
C) cultural control
D) globalization

Question 62

Felix has taken his first trip from the United States to a Middle Eastern country he had not heard of until his company sent him there.He has been looking around the host city and several things surprise him.He went into a boutique and found that they were selling the same make and type of sweatshirts that he buys back home.He also noticed that a Hollywood movie he had wanted to see before this trip is playing just down the street from his hotel.He had been worried about the language differences he might encounter,but everyone he meets speaks English.What is Felix experiencing?

A) routinization of culture
B) ethnocentrism
C) heterogenization of culture
D) homogenization of culture

Question 63

A local Saskatoon restaurant serves a fusion cuisine which combines flavours and cooking styles from Canada and France.What is the restaurant an example of?

A) homogenization of culture
B) glocalization of culture
C) Canadianization of culture
D) heteroginization of culture

Question 64

According to the text,global justice movements are formed in resistance to which of the following?

A) globalization
B) glocalization
C) corporate imperialism
D) neoliberalism

Question 65

What is a common feature of all global justice movements?

A) oppose globalization
B) extensions of national labour movements
C) proceed from the assumptions of anarchism
D) opposed to neoliberalism

Question 66

A professor presented the following argument: "The reason it took Brazil so long to develop was that the citizens did not have the drive and 'need for achievement' necessary to develop business and industry." According to the text,which theoretical approach is this professor drawing arguments from?

A) capitalist theory
B) modernization theory
C) dependency theory
D) underdevelopment theory

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a consequences of globalization?

A) SARS epidemic
B) expanding scope of organized crime
C) anti-vaccination movement
D) environmental destruction

Question 68

Postcolonial societies,which are not culturally cohesive,are an example of which potential outcome of globalization?

A) fusion cultures
B) increased conflict
C) increased Americanization
D) cultural loss

Question 69

Which of the following was NOT a requirement for eligibility in structural adjustment program?

A) Eligible nations had to reduce government spending.
B) Eligible nations had to liberalize their trade policies.
C) Eligible nations had to reduce spending on social programs.
D) Eligible nations needed to convert to the metric system.

Question 70

Kendra is going to a meeting in Latin America that opposes globalization controlled by multinational corporations.She believes that grassroots organizations that focus on the rights of citizens,equality of all peoples,and protection of the environment must grow and obtain control of the globalization process.What meeting is Kendra going to attend?

A) the World Social Forum
B) Via Campesina
C) Modelo Moderno
D) the Global Gathering

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a common activity used by global justice movements?

A) protesting at international meetings of the World Bank,IMF,and WTO
B) organizing their own summits
C) developing issue-specific campaigns
D) stopping corporate development plans

Question 72

Modernization theory draws upon assumptions from which theoretical approach?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) interpretive
D) feminist

Question 73

It was not unusual for colonial powers to bring together disparate groups by drawing arbitrary borders around them.According to the textbook,what has this resulted in?

A) ethnic and religious conflict in the post-colonial world
B) an increased population and,therefore,increased economic power in these nations
C) the development of fusion cultures
D) the reluctance of colonial powers to develop an institutional middle ground between disparate cultures

Question 74

When significant numbers of young people in Country X give up on their traditional beliefs and practices and embrace Western values,which type of theorist would conclude that the country is moving in the right direction?

A) modernization
B) pro-capitalist
C) neodevelopment
D) bootstrap

Question 75

Renaldo,who lives in Spain,opened up a restaurant featuring a Spanish-Canadian fusion cuisine.According to Hebron and Stack (2016),what phenomenon is Renaldo embracing?

A) globalization
B) transnationals
C) glocalization
D) cultural imperialism

Question 76

According to the text,which theory developed in response to the inadequacies of modernization theory and the political injustices that resulted from policies based on it?

A) neomodernization theory
B) dependency theory
C) world systems theory
D) neocolonial dependency theory

Question 77

A factory in Country X purchases raw materials from Country Y to make its product.Profits will be reinvested in the factory,increasing production and profits in Country X.Country Y will never make enough profits from the sale of materials to build its own factory.What theory could be used to explain the relationship that has developed between countries X and Y?

A) capitalist theory
B) modernization theory
C) dependency theory
D) underdevelopment theory

Question 78

On which of the following perspectives is dependency theory based?

A) functionalist theory
B) interactionist theory
C) feminist theory
D) conflict theory

Question 79

According to modernization theorists,why are developing countries economically disadvantaged?

A) Restrictions on economic development exist.
B) They have not yet adopted Western values.
C) Liberalism has thwarted economic development.
D) There is not enough local governance.

Question 80

One of the factors contributing to underdevelopment in the world,including in most African countries,is historical colonization.Which development theory supports this notion?

A) colonization theory
B) stage theory
C) dependency theory
D) modernization theory