Deck 11: Immune Function Enhancement

Question 1

The immune changes produced by moderate exercise are similar to those produced by

A) normal sleep
B) meditation
C) acute psychosocial stress
D) expressive writing about emotional topics

Answer 1

acute psychosocial stress

Question 2

Studies of social support and physical contact have shown that

A) only women benefit
B) proinflammatory activity is higher in individuals with more support
C) lymphocyte count is higher in individuals with more support
D) benefits have been observed for HIV/AIDS but not cancer patients

Answer 2

lymphocyte count is higher in individuals with more support

Question 3

Beliefs help to shape expectations which in turn affect the functions of the body, therefore

A) idiosynchratic experiences cannot affect the functioning of the body
B) imaginings have no impact on the funcioning of the body
C) educational experiences have effects on bodily functions
D) all of the above

Answer 3

educational experiences have effects on bodily functions

Question 4

Which of the following has not been observed as a result of expressive writing

A) increase in helper T-lymphocytes
B) decresed HSV antibody titers
C) elevated NK activity
D) accelerated wound healing

Question 5

When it concerns immune activity the rule is

A) less is synonimous with bad outcomes
B) more is the way to good health
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 6

Neural mediation of the placebo effect appears to involve

A) the nucleus accumbens
B) dopaminergic activity
C) cholecystokinergic activity
D) both a and b

Question 7

The most compelling evidence that expectation can modify immune responses comes from

A) the effect of suggestion on inflammatory reactions
B) anecdotal evidence of cancer regression
C) classical conditioning studies of immune responsiveness
D) the observation that pain-relief is associated with decreased inflammation

Question 8

Expectations are being constantly formulated due to

A) suggestion from a credible source
B) ongoing experiences without the need for awareness
C) more b than a
D) more a than b

Question 9

The observation that exposure to a low-level of stress can enhance resistance to the adverse effects of stress in general is known as

A) allostasis
B) hormesis
C) resilience
D) endurance

Question 10

A major advance in placebo research was the

A) demonstration that placebos could alleviate pain
B) discovery that brain structures were activated by placebos
C) demonstration that endogenous-opioids mediated placebo-induced analgesia
D) observation that the placebo effect is a costly nuisance

Question 11

The most consistent immune system change associated with wakeful relaxation is

A) decresed leukocyte count
B) enhanced NK activity
C) decreased TNF-α levels
D) increased secretory IgA

Question 12

Neuroanatomical evidence demonstrating that neural connectivity between any two structures is bidirectional

A) demistifies how expectations can cause changes in bodily function
B) explains the existence of patterns of neural activity
C) simplifies our understanding of cause and effect within the nervous system
D) all of the above

Question 13

The nocebo effect refers to the fact that

A) there is often an absence of the placebo effect
B) negative expectations can bring about negative outcomes
C) disclosure of drug side effects minimizes the chances that they will occur
D) placebo effects are typically not clinically significant

Question 14

The changes in hormone and cytokine levels observed during normal sleep support the idea that sleep

A) facilitates adaptive cellular immune activity
B) enhances IgE mediated responses
C) activates immune suppression mechanisms
D) keeps the number of leukocytes constant in the peripheral circulation

Question 15

The hypnotic state has been found to decrease

A) the response of lymphocytes to mitogen
B) neutrophil adherence
C) secretory immunoglobulin A levels
D) the leukocyte count

Question 16

Hypnosis research demonstrates

A) the power of the mind bolstered by the power of relationship
B) that pain cannot be influenced by suggestion
C) that only people who believe in the power of hypnosis can be hypnotized
D) genetic factors do not appear to have an influence

Question 17

Secretory IgA has been found to

A) increase after induction of positive emotion
B) decrease after induction of negative emotion
C) increase after induction of negative emotion
D) both a and c

Question 18

Sleep appers to be

A) enhanced by chronic inflammation
B) induced during the acute-phase reaction to infection
C) unaffected by major depression
D) unrelated to appetite

Question 19

Studies of hypnosis, placebo, and expressive writing have underscored that benefit is most strongly related to the

A) age of the participants
B) presence of a physical disorder
C) absence of a physical disorder
D) gender of the subjects

Question 20

Which of the following is false about the effects of hypnosis

A) it activates the anterior cingulate cortex
B) its analgesic effect can be blocked by nalaxone
C) it can alleviate symptoms caused by inflammation
D) it diminishes the neurogenic component of the inflamamatory response

Question 21

The acute leukocytosis observed in response to exercise is mostly due to an increase in the number of

A) neutrophils
B) monocytes
C) lymphocytes
D) NK cells

Question 22

The immune system evolved in conditions when sources of nutrition were natural and as a result

A) immune function is now enhanced by our fortified foods
B) there is no relationship between immune fucntion and diet
C) diet and gut microbes interact to affect immune function
D) microbial inhabitants in the gut hinder digestion of modern diets

Question 23

Which of the following minerals seems to have immune enhancing effects in high doses

A) zinc
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) selenium

Question 24

Which of the following is most rapidly increased in the circulation by exercise

A) CRP
B) IL-6
C) IL-1RA
D) IL-10

Question 25

Scientific research regarding nutrition and health recommends that one

A) avoid fruits and vegetables
B) consume nuts and legumes
C) consume dairy products daily
D) avoid non-hydrogenated plant oils

Question 26

Reactive oxygen species are neutralized by some

A) minerals
B) oxygen-free radicals
C) vitamins
D) both a and c

Question 27

Eicosanoids are produced from

A) omega-3 fatty acids only
B) omega-6 fatty acids only
C) resolvins
D) both a and b

Question 28

Which of the following is false avout the immune effects of malnutrition

A) lymphoid tissues become atrophied
B) complement components are diminshed
C) neutrophil count is reduced
D) lymphocyte count is low