Deck 3: Immune System Basics

Question 1

Inflammation is a complex process which has

A) multiple initiating signals including plasma proteases and lipid mediators
B) antimicrobial activity exclusively
C) antimicrobial and tissue repair phases
D) both a and c

Answer 1

both a and c

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the immune system is false

A) the immune system has mobile elements
B) immune system cells travel exclusively in the circulation
C) the immune system protects against invasion by other life forms
D) immune system cells intercommunicate

Answer 2

immune system cells travel exclusively in the circulation

Question 3

Self/NonSelf discrimination is not a trivial process because

A) errors can cause damage to healthy tissue
B) errors can facilitate serious infections
C) perfect discrimination is attainable
D) both a and b

Answer 3

both a and b

Question 4

Healthy humans cells and beneficial microbes

A) are quite distinct from harmful microbes and abnormal cells
B) share molecular structures with pathogens
C) are normattly attacked by the immune system
D) none of the above

Question 5

Antigen binding sites of antibody molecules have a diverse structure that is the result of

A) gene diversity
B) random gene selection
C) post-transcription rearrangement
D) gene rearrangement

Question 6

Immune cell types are fundementally the result of

A) distinct stem cell types
B) somatic mutations involving many genes
C) only slight differences in dynamic patterns of gene expression
D) genome wide DNA rearrengemnt

Question 7

Antigen presentation refers to the process whereby fragments of

A) pathogen proteins only are displayed on HLA molecules
B) self-proteins are displayed only on HLA class II molecules
C) self-proteins and pathogen proteins are displayed on HLA molecules
D) pathogen proteins are displayed only on HLA class I molecules

Question 8

HLA class I molecules play a central role in the activation of

A) natural killer cells
B) complement
C) neutrophils
D) eosinophils

Question 9

Inflammation is a process initiated by tissue damage or detection of pathogens which causes

A) local vasodialation
B) decresed vascular permeability
C) complement deactivation
D) all of the above

Question 10

Antibodies mediate the humoral immune response and are released from

A) macrophages
B) plasma cells
C) T-lymphocytes
D) mast cells

Question 11

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System refers to

A) the set of proteins displayed on cell surfaces that act as markers of nonself
B) the system that recognizes leukocytes
C) the system that defends against self-antigen
D) the human counterpart of the major histocompatibility complex

Question 12

Granulocytes are

A) leukocytes
B) lymphocytes
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Question 13

The complement system is a component of the

A) adaptive immune system
B) natural killer cell repetoire
C) immunoglobulin family
D) innate immune defenses

Question 14

HLA molecules expressed on cell membranes can range from three to twelve because

A) all six maternal and paternal genes are expressed
B) there are three genes that code for HLA class I molecules
C) most cells do not express HLA class II molecules
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is not a pathway of complement activation

A) membrane attack pathway
B) classical pathway
C) lectin pathway
D) alternative pathway

Question 16

The immune system is subdevided into innate and adaptive components and it is the case that

A) innate immunity is mediated by specific antibodies
B) innate immunity responds only after the organism re-encounters a previously encountered pathogen
C) the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity is becoming blurred
D) adaptive immunity responds more slowly after reencountering a given pathogen

Question 17

Immune cells recognize the presense of pathogens via

A) pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
B) Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
C) receptors that sense heat shock proteins (HSPs)
D) all of the above

Question 18

Epigenetic influences is the term used to refer to

A) influences that are totally non-genetic
B) the mutual influence of genes that are next to each other
C) the influences that turn genes off and on
D) the rearrangement of immune genes

Question 19

The major immune cell types derive from stem cells located in the

A) bone marrow
B) lymph nodes
C) thymus gland
D) liver

Question 20

A major immune cell type involved in phagocytosis is the

A) mast cell
B) plasma cell
C) neutrophil
D) endocyte

Question 21

Immune memory

A) refers to the enhanced immune response to reinfection
B) reflects the enhanced survival of lymphocytes responsive to previously encountered antigen
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Question 22

Measurement of immune function in humans relies on

A) samples taken from the peripheral circulation
B) techniques such as flow cytometry and ELISA
C) the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction
D) all of the above

Question 23

Leukocytes move throughout the body thus making it possible for

A) naive lymphocytes to migrate into all tissues
B) lymphocytes to become activated by encountering antigen in the circulation
C) leukocytes to enter the lymphatic system first and then move into the tissues
D) lymphocyte activation to occur in the lymph nodes

Question 24

Cytokines exhibit pleiotropy which means

A) non-redundancy of effect
B) specificity of effect
C) receptor independent effect
D) multipicity of effects

Question 25

The T-helper population is diffrentiated into Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg subtypes which function as follows

A) Th1 and Th17 jointly enhance cell mediated immunity
B) Tregs enhance inflammatory activity
C) Th2 act to suppress humoral immunity
D) none of the above

Question 26

T-helper cells can enhance cytoxicity by

A) natural killer lymphocytes
B) down regulating IL-2 release
C) CD8 positive lymphocytes
D) both a and b

Question 27

When naive T-helper lymphocytes bind strongly to antigen in the absence of costimulation they

A) proliferate uncontrollably
B) transform into a plasma cells
C) become anergic
D) enter a state of high activation

Question 28

Which of the following is not true about the development of the immune system

A) the basic structure of the immune system is present at birth
B) the complement system develops completely before birth
C) IgD lymphocytes gradually disappear
D) a fully competent immune system may not be in place until early adolesence

Question 29

Which of the following is not true about cytokines

A) they all have unique receptors
B) they have endocrine effects
C) they provide costimulation
D) they include classical hormones like prolactin

Question 30

Chemokines and cell adhesion molecules are crucial to the

A) production of antibodies
B) directional trafficking of leukocytes
C) killing efficiency of dendritic cells
D) production of ant-inflammatory activity

Question 31

T-lymphocytes have all the following properties except

A) antigen specific receptors
B) cluster of differentiation surface markers
C) minimal elimination during thymic development
D) ability to bind antigen in both HLA class I and II molecules

Question 32

T-helper lymphocytes are also known as

A) CD8 positive lymphocytes
B) CD4 positive lymphocytes
C) CD4 negative lymphocytes
D) Natural killer lymphocytes

Question 33

When activated T-helper cells bind to B-lymphocytes displaying the T-cell antigen and release cytokines they cause the B-lymphocyte to

A) become activated and differentiate into memory cells
B) begin making specific antibody
C) become anergic
D) both a and b