Deck 9: Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, and Ex Post Facto Designs

Question 1

"There will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioral or psychoanalytic therapy." During a test of this hypothesis, it was discovered that some of the participants lived with family members and others lived alone.This variable, living situation, is a/an _____.

A)independent variable.
B)dependent variable.
C)constant.
D)confounding variable.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Three of the following are examples of true experimental designs.Which one is NOT?

A)Multiple baseline design
B)Solomon four-group design
C)Within subjects design
D)Pretest-posttest control group design

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Dr.Robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between Native Americans who have at least one relative who attended Indian Boarding School and Native Americans who have no family experience with Indian Boarding School.Dr.Robbins contacts 35 Native American participants in each group.He wants each group to include younger as well as older adults, and a mix of male and female participants.He asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education.This study employs a/an ______ design.

A)pre-experimental
B)factorial
C)true experimental
D)ex post facto

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Dr.Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method.Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr.Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method.At the end of semester all students complete the same final exam.In this design, students studying under the problem-based method constitute the:

A)placebo group.
B)treatment group.
C)sample.
D)control group.

Question 5

Dr.Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method.Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr.Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method.At the end of the semester, all students complete the same final exam.In this design, students studying under the traditional method constitute the:

A)placebo group.
B)treatment group.
C)sample.
D)control group.

Question 6

Dr.Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method.Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr.Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method for Unit 1 of the course.Then all sections switch instructional method for Unit 2.He plans to compare the performance of the two groups of sections on their Unit 1 and Unit 2 exams.This study employs a ______ design.

A)within subjects (repeated measures)
B)quasi-experimental
C)true experimental
D)ex post facto

Question 7

Penny Poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: Puppy Pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or Doggie Do-Right, a new approach.Penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study.The dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the Puppy Pride or Doggie Do-Right course.At the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100).In this study, ______ is the independent variable.

A)Doggie Do-Right
B)type of dog training program
C)score on the dog obedience checklist
D)obedience training versus no training

Question 8

"There will be gender differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy." In this hypothesis, gender is the:

A)dependent variable.
B)independent variable.
C)confounding variable.
D)constant.

Question 9

Dr.Robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between Native Americans who have at least one relative who attended Indian Boarding School and Native Americans who have no family experience with Indian Boarding School.Dr.Robbins contacts 35 Native American participants in each group.He wants each group to include younger as well as older adults, and a mix of male and female participants.He asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education.In this study, _____ is the dependent variable.

A)score on the "attitude toward public schools" measure
B)experience with Indian boarding school
C)gender of participant
D)age of participant

Question 10

"There will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioral or psychoanalytic therapy." In this hypothesis, mood elevation is the:

A)dependent variable.
B)independent variable.
C)confounding variable.
D)constant.

Question 11

Penny Poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: Puppy Pride, the approach she has been using for many years, or Doggie Do-Right, a new approach.Penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study.The dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the Puppy Pride or Doggie Do-Right course.At the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100).In this study, ______ is the dependent variable.

A)Doggie Do-Right
B)type of dog training program
C)score on the dog obedience checklist
D)obedience training versus no training

Question 12

Experimental research differs from descriptive research in that it:

A)is less sensitive to sampling bias.
B)employs statistical analyses.
C)attempts to determine causality.
D)is conducted in a laboratory.

Question 13

Penny Poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: Puppy Pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or Doggie Do-Right, a new approach.Penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study.The dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the Puppy Pride or Doggie Do-Right course.At the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100).This study employed a/an ______ design.

A)one-shot experimental
B)ex post facto
C)posttest-only control group design
D)within subjects

Question 14

In experimental design, the variable that reflects the outcome of the treatment is the:

A)dependent variable.
B)independent variable.
C)confounding variable.
D)constant.

Question 15

In experimental design, the variable that is manipulated is the:

A)dependent variable.
B)independent variable.
C)confounding variable.
D)constant.

Question 16

A meta-analysis is used when:

A)the researcher wishes to analyze the analyses of a number of existing studies.
B)there is little existing literature to use as a launching pad for a new study.
C)the researcher has no access to sophisticated statistical techniques.
D)several researchers jointly conduct a large-scale study.

Question 17

Dr.Robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between Native Americans who have at least one relative who attended Indian Boarding School and Native Americans who have no family experience with Indian Boarding School.Dr.Robbins contacts 35 Native American participants in each group.He wants each group to include younger as well as older adults, and a mix of male and female participants.He asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education.In this study, _____ is the independent variable.

A)score on the "attitude toward public schools" measure
B)experience with Indian boarding school
C)gender of participant
D)age of participant

Question 18

A researcher is studying the effectiveness of two different resident adolescent drug treatment programs.Program A is used at Summerhill adolescent facility.Program B is used at Winterdale adolescent facility.Because random assignment to treatments is not possible in this situation, what can the researcher do to minimize possible effects of sample bias?

Question 19

Three of the following are examples of quasi-experimental designs.Which one is NOT?

A)Nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design
B)Control group time-series design
C)Single-subjects design
D)One-shot experimental design

Question 20

"There will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioral or psychoanalytic therapy." In this hypothesis, type of therapy is the:

A)dependent variable.
B)confounding variable.
C)independent variable.
D)constant.

Question 21

Factorial designs allow researchers to study the effects of more than one independent variable simultaneously.Why is this advantageous? What information can factorial designs yield that nonfactorial designs cannot?